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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-six patients with chronic hypertension were cared for during a total of 72 pregnancies. Patients were treated at home primarily by greater than or equal to 4 hours of bed rest daily in the left recumbent position. Only patients whose diastolic blood pressures remained greater than 110 mmHg were treated with hydralazine (Apresoline, Ciba). With this plan of treatment there were only 3 perinatal deaths for an uncorrected perinatal mortality of 4.1% (1.4% corrected). Twenty-nine percent of the patients had babies that were small for gestational age, 13.8% had positive oxytocin challenge tests, and 36.8% developed superimposed preeclampsia. When compared with the outcome of previous pregnancies, the program of bed rest lowered perinatal mortality from 16.8 to 8.8%. Thus, it is suggested that bed rest together with the avoidance of diuretics and the judicious use of hydralazine results in the most favorable fetal outcome.
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PMID:Evaluation of a program of bed rest in the treatment of chronic hypertension in pregnancy. 42 5

Prostaglandin A is known to be an antihypertensive vasodepressor agent produced by the kidney and has the basic potentialities of a hormone. No information is available at present concerning its effect on the human pregnant uterus and whether it can be used as an oxytocic compound to induce labour. The uterine stimulating and labour inducing ability of PGA1 was evaluated in 10 cases; seven patients were suffering from pregnancy toxemia while three were normal pregnancies near full term. Cardiotocographic tracings showed that uterine activity was markedly stimulated to a degree sufficient to induce labour. Continuous i.v. infusions at a rate of 0.25-1.0 mug/Kgm/min given over a fixed period of only 6 hours resulted in delivery in all cases except one following the discontinuation of administration. Beneficial effects on blood pressure were observed in toxemic subjects. Potentially serious FHR patterns and occasional hypertonus during therapy were seen and stress the need for more information to evaluate the safety, optimum dosage and duration of infusion as well as the place of this approach in clinical practice for the management of pregnancy toxemia. The absence of antidiuretic effect, the hypotensive response and uterine stimulating property of PGA1 indicate a possible advantage in toxemia of pregnancy as compared to oxytocin infusions.
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PMID:Renal prostaglandins for induction of labour-a dual clinical advantage in toxemia of pregnancy. 78 55

Twelve patients with either severe preeclampsia (9) or eclampsia (3) were treated with intravenous diazoxide, 300-mg bolus, for the reduction of diastolic blood pressure (less than or equal 110 torr) after the usual and customary measures had been initiated to include parenteral MgSO4 and diazepam. Diazoxide precipitously decreased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure proportionately (35-50%); the nadir was invariably reached in 5-15 minutes. Diastolic pressure never fell below 50 torr, and mean arterial pressure always exceeded 70 torr. Oliguria was not apparent. The vasodepressor response was fairly persistent for 4 hours in all but 3 patients; 2 of these received a second 300-mg dose. Significant changes in fetal heart activity (bradycardia, dysrhythmia) were observed in only 1 patient. Labor was immediately ablated in all patients, but could be restimulated with oxytocin. All pregnancies were terminated within 7 hours (mean, 3.7 hours), seven of them by cesarean section. Eleven newborns did well. We conclude that the immediate reduction in maternal arterial blood pressure is without apparent hazard to the mother as well as the fetus.
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PMID:The management of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia with intravenous diazoxide. 86 30

The efficacy of fixed dose PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) in inducing labor was studied in 40 multiparous patients. Low amniotomy was performed, and 1 tablet of 6.5 mg PGE2 was given orally in the absence of uterine activity after 30 minutes, and hourly thereafter until the patient delivered. Successful induction was defined as the establishment of effective uterine contractions and cervical dilatation within 12 hours of amniotomy. Indications for induction are postmaturity (n=15); pre-eclampsia (n=10); essential hypertension (n=6); weight loss (n=4); bad obstetric history (n=2); and others (n=3). 38 patients (95 percent) had successful labor induction, with 37 delivering vaginally within 18 hours of amniotomy and 1 delivering by Cesarian section because of fetal distress. In the remaining 2 patients, labor did not commence within 12 hours and consequently necessitated intravenous oxytocin. Mean amniotomy-delivery interval was 7.53 hours. Maternal side effects included vomiting (12.5%); diarrhea (5%); pyrexia (15%); ketonuria (22.5%); and postpartum hemorrhage (12.5%). There were no apparent fetal side effects. Advantages of oral PGE2 for labor induction include: 1) ease of administration; 2) increased patient acceptability; 3) greater convenience for medical and nursing staff; 4) absence of complications associated with intravenous infusion such as sudden changes in infusion rate, air emboli or occasional pyrogen reactions. Advantages of using a low fixed dose are: 1) excessive administration and subsequent uterine hypertonus are less likely to occur; 2) low incidence of vomiting/diarrhea; and 3) absence of uterine hypertonus and apparent fetal side effects.
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PMID:Fixed dose prostaglandin E2 tablets in the induction of labour in multipara. 108 93

In order to estimate the human placental lactogen (HPL) level and its value as an indicator of fetoplacental function during labor, we determined HPL levels (N equals 225) before, during, and after labor in normal (N equals 16) and preeclamptic (N equals 14) subjects or in patients with benign intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (N equals 5). During labor, greater decreases in this value were found in preeclamptic than in normal subjects and similarly in mothers with fetoplacental dysfunction than with normal fetoplacental function. The rupture of the membranes had no effect on the level of HPL, which was not related to parity, oxytocin infusion, time interval from rupture of the membranes to delivery, nor to relative placental weight. The half-life of HPL varied in the range of 20-23 minutes immediately after delivery and in the range of 30-39 minutes some time later. During labor, greater decreases in HPL level in cases of preeclampsia or fetoplacental dysfunction may be caused by relative uteroplacental ischemia during uterine contractions, but from this finding it is hard to expect any advantage of HPL as a monitor of fetoplacental function during labor.
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PMID:Human placental lactogen levels during and after labor. 115 51

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the oxytocin challenge test (OCT) could serve as the primary method for managing pregnancies characterized by possible placental insufficiency. One hundred and five patients underwent 225 oxytocin challenge tests; no perinatal deaths occurred. Eight tests were positive, 21 suspicious, and 196 negative. Because of data obtained in a preliminary study, all 8 fetuses with positive tests were delivered by cesarean section. Four of the 8 had repetitive suspicious tests prior to a positive test, suggesting that utero-placental function may deteriorate gradually. Urinary excretion of estriol did not decrease significantly in any patient, suggesting that the OCT is a more sensitive indicator of placental function than excretion of estriol. Except for patients with preeclampsia who were induced for maternal indications, all pregnancies with a negative OCT were allowed to terminate spontaneously. Five of the 97 fetuses with negative tests developed late-onset deceleration patterns during labor. This indicates that a negative OCT will not necessarily predict fetal tolerance to labor, contrary to assertions made by some other investigators. It is concluded that the OCT can serve as the primary method for assessing the fetal status in pregnancies characterized by placental insufficiency.
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PMID:Can the oxytocin challenge test serve as the primary method for managing high-risk pregnancies? 116 Dec 26

Seven hundred sixty-seven oxytocin challenge tests (OCT) were performed on 333 high-risk maternity patients. All of the patients had pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, suspected postmaturity, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, hypertension and other disorders. In conjunction with OCT, 24-hour urinary estriol determinations were performed. Negative OCT's were reassuring for fetal well-being. There were 26 positive OCT's on 24 patients. A positive test was significant in identifying endangered fetuses existing in a markedly unfavorable environment. In our experience, we found the OCT more reliable and more predictable than urinary estriol determination. The oxytocin challenge test proved to be significant in the successful management of these 333 high-risk patients.
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PMID:Oxytocin challenge test in high-risk pregnancy. 125 May 37

The study group consisted of 82 primigravid and 55 multiparous women with post term pregnancy, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, insufficiency of placenta and diabetes mellitus have induced labor. Prepidil (Upjohn) in dosage 0.5 mg was given into uterine cervix of 46 patients (PG group) and oxytocin was infused to 42 patients in dosage ranged from 5 mU/min to 30 mU/min (Ox group). Induction of labor has been considered as successful, if after 12 hours of drug administration, regular contractions of uterus and dilation of cervix more than 3 cm were obtained. Significant improvement of cervix state, measured by Bishop score has been observed only in PG group, even if the induction of labor failed. Similar rates of caesarean sections and the same occurrences of late and variable decelerations have been observed in both study groups. Results obtained in both these groups suggest that induction of labor in such pregnancies after prostaglandins administration is more effective than oxytocin infusion.
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PMID:[Induction of labor by using PGE2 and oxytocin in high risk pregnancies]. 130 12

Our study showed that there were statistically significant correlations between the systolic and diastolic ratio (S/D) of maternal uterine or umbilical artery and the levels of maternal serum aminopeptidase activities in pre-eclampsia. Kininase I was positively correlated with the S/D ratios, whereas placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) and aminopeptidase A were negatively correlated with the S/D ratios. It is known that the increased S/D ratios reflect the increased utero-placental blood flow resistance. Since our previous study showed that placental aminopeptidases degrade vasoactive peptides such as oxytocin, angiotensin and bradykinin, which the fetus actively produces, our present study suggests that the increased vascular resistance in feto-placental circulation in pre-eclampsia is partly controlled by changes in vaso-active peptides, via degradation by placental aminopeptidases.
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PMID:Relationship between the changes in placental blood flow resistance assessed by Doppler technique and maternal serum placental aminopeptidases, which degrade vaso-active peptides, in pre-eclampsia. 151 91

To determine safety and efficacy of induction with prostaglandin E2 gel, we compared the outcome of 25 patients (study group) with an unfavorable cervix, a medical indication for delivery, and one prior low cervical transverse cesarean section to 56 patients (comparison group) with one prior low cervical transverse cesarean section and spontaneous labor. We placed 1 mg of prostaglandin E2 in gel intracervically in the 25 study patients. Common indications for delivery were: diabetes, post dates, and preeclampsia. Although most labor and delivery variables were similar, the study group had a longer mean latent phase (14.2 +/- 13.8 versus 7.3 +/- 3.7 hours: p less than 0.002), but had a shorter mean length of active phase (4.0 +/- 3.5 versus 5.7 +/- 3.0 hours; p less than 0.02). None of the patients in either group had a dehiscence of the uterine scar, nor rupture of the uterus. Both groups had a similar cesarean section rate. Since from the few reported, nonrandomized studies it appears that prostaglandin E2 gel use in patients with a prior low cervical transverse cesarean section may be useful and relatively safe, it may be time to attempt randomized trials of prostaglandin E2 gel versus oxytocin for induction of patients with a prior low cervical transverse cesarean section, unfavorable cervix, and a medical indication for delivery.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E2 gel induction of patients with a prior low transverse cesarean section. 159 Aug 72


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