Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of CRF(41), oxytocin (OT), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) on ACTH secretion were studied alone and in combination in an in vitro system of superfused rat hemipituitaries. CRF(41) (10(-9)M) and AVP (10(-8)M) alone produced a significant increase in ACTH secretion while OT (10(-8)M) alone had no effect. However the same concentration of OT markedly potentiated the ACTH response to CRF(41) while having no effect on the ACTH response to AVP. The data support a physiologic role for OT in the regulation of ACTH secretion.
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PMID:Oxytocin potentiates the ACTH-releasing activity of CRF(41) but not vasopressin. 632 61

A specific rabbit anti-CRF serum and the immunoperoxidase technique were used to show that CRF-containing neurons are mainly distributed in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. In addition, immunoreactive neurons are scattered in other hypothalamic regions. These neurons are 20--30 micrometers in diameter. From the present and previous investigations it may be concluded that the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei, i.e., paraventricular and supraoptic, and other hypothalamic accessory nuclei, are the producing sites not only for vasopressin and oxytocin, but also for corticotropin-releasing factor.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical identification of neurons containing corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat hypothalamus. 634 98

Using adjacent serial brain sections, a morphometric method has been developed for analysing the coexistence of the neurophysial hormones, vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT), with their specific neurophysins (N). A significative correlation was found between the immunoreactive areas stained with (1) anti-VP and anti-N-VP sera, and between the immunoreactive areas detected with anti-OT and anti-N-OT antibodies. Besides, the immunoreactive areas stained with (1) anti-VP and anti-OT antibodies, (2) anti-N-OT and anti-VP antibodies, (3) anti-N-OT and anti-N-VP antibodies or (4) anti-OT and anti-N-VP antibodies were totally independent. A different method projecting the microscope images on a reference grid with a camera lucida permitted to quantify the coexistence of an ovine corticotropin-releasing factor-related-peptide (41-CRF) with OT in the paraventricular neurons of the Brattloro rat brain. In these animals, the same method applied after total hypophysectomy demonstrated that the neurons synthezising simultaneously 41-CRF and OT projected their axons to the neurohypophysis; the same operation increased the relative number of neurons containing 41-CRF only; it can be supposed that they originated the infundibular terminals.
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PMID:[The co-localization of neurohypophysis peptides and the corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat brain. Contribution of morphometric analyses]. 639 88

The localisation of corticoliberin producing neurones in the sheep hypothalamus was attempted with an antiserum directed against synthetic ovine CRF by the indirect immunofluorescence procedure. Synthetic ovine corticoliberin-immunoreactive fibres were detected, in order of decreasing importance, in the external median eminence, in the caudal neural lobe around capillaries, at the boundary of the neural and intermediate lobe, around the anterior commissure, in the paraventricular nuclei and in the posterior hypothalamus and midbrain, suggesting that synthetic ovine corticoliberin-related substances act not only on anterior pituitary tissue, but also on the intermediate lobe, on central neurones and on peripheral target organs. Two groups of cell bodies reacted to the anti-synthetic ovine corticoliberin antiserum. The first group was located in the paraventricular nuclei and consisted of 15-20 microns diameter cell bodies with a granular cytoplasm. The second group was located mainly in the dorsolateral caudal hypothalamus, and the cell bodies were smaller (10-15 microns) and had a smooth cytoplasm. No cell bodies were detected in the basal hypothalamus). Synthetic ovine corticoliberin-immunoreactive structures did not contain immunoreactive neurophysin. The synthetic ovine corticoliberin-immunoreaction in the paraventricular neurones was abolished by preincubating the antiserum with synthetic ovine corticoliberin but not with sauvagine or several other peptides. The immunoreaction in the posterior hypothalamic groups was abolished by preincubating the synthetic ovine corticoliberin antiserum with both synthetic ovine corticoliberin and sauvagine, but not with other peptides. The results suggest that the immunoreaction was specific for synthetic ovine corticoliberin in the paraventricular but not posterior hypothalamic region. The relative contribution of both areas to synthetic ovine corticoliberin-like peptides containing nerve terminals of the median eminence remains to be established.
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PMID:Corticoliberin-immunoreactive cell bodies localised in two distinct areas of the sheep hypothalamus. 641 Mar 5

The localization of CRF-41 related peptide was studied in the brain and posterior pituitary of the homozygous rats for the inherited diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain, DI) and of the Long-Evans rats (LE) as control. It was compared to the distribution of vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OXY) and OXY-neurophysin (N I). In both strains, CRF-41 was identified in two morphologically distinct systems: one was a hypothalamoneurohypophysial system simultaneously containing CRF-41, OXY and N I; the other was a hypothalamoinfundibular system carrying CRF-41 only. CRF containing neurons were located in the periventricular area of the anterior hypothalamus, in the retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nuclei (SON) and, for some of them, in the antechiasmatic part of SON. CRF immunostainings were enhanced by colchicine treatment in LE rats and by DDAVP therapy in DI rats.
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PMID:Comparative immunocytochemical localization of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF-41) and neurohypophysial peptides in the brain of Brattleboro and Long-Evans rats. 660 39

Immunohistochemical studies on cholecystokinin-like (CCK-ir) substances in colchicine-pretreated rats demonstrated that in addition to CCK-ir cells in the magnocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus. CCK-ir cells are also present among the parvocellular neurons. Radioimmunoassay of CCK after paraventricular lesions indicate that most, if not all, of the CCK in the posterior pituitary and in the median eminence originates from the paraventricular nucleus. It appears that CCK-fibers, like other neuropeptidergic fibers from the paraventricular nucleus (vasopressin, oxytocin, TRH, CRF) enter the medial basal hypothalamus through a common gate--the lateral retrochiasmatic area--in traveling to the median eminence.
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PMID:Cholecystokinin in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system. 672 68

By radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques, 14 neuropeptides have been measured and localized in the rat median eminence. Neuropeptides with inhibitory or stimulatory effects on the anterior pituitary hormones as well as posterior pituitary hormones are present in the median eminence in the highest concentrations of the central nervous system. All these peptides (LH-RH, TRH, somatostatin, CRF, vasopressin, oxytocin) are of preoptic or hypothalamic origin and they are transported to the median eminence by loop-like fiber systems through the lateral retrochiasmatic area. Within the median eminence, the pericapillary space constitutes the main common pathway. Three major transport routes--axons, vessels, liquor spaces--are separated from each others by only basement membranes, which allow free communications downwards to the pituitary but also backwards to the central nervous system.
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PMID:Neuropeptides in the median eminence: their sources and destinations. 681 29

Estrogen-stimulated neurophysin (ESN) was determined by radioimmunoassay in three groups of patients with chronic renal failure: predialysis patients, patients on hemodialysis and patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. ESN levels were significantly elevated in all patients. ESN of these patients is undistinguishable from highly purified pituitary ESN. Immunological and physicochemical analyses of ESN in patients with renal failure suggest that the elevated plasma level is due to a failure of renal clearance. In addition, heterogeneity of urinary ESN, revealed by multiple immunoreactive peaks after gel filtration, indicates altered renal metabolism.
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PMID:Estrogen-stimulated neurophysin in chronic renal failure. 683 53

Colchicine blockade of axonal transport from the paraventricular nucleus to the median eminence was used to indirectly infer hypothalamic ACTH secretagog release in awake rats. Median eminence contents of CRF, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) were determined by RIA after insulin-induced hypoglycemia, restraint, and novelty. Insulin decreased circulating glucose concentrations and increased ACTH and corticosterone values. Median eminence CRF and AVP content declined but OT content did not. Both novelty and restraint stressors increased circulating ACTH and corticosterone concentrations. Secretagog measurements indicated decreases in OT content without concomitant decreases in either CRF or AVP with both stressors. These results indicate that: 1) colchicine blockade of axonal transport is useful in studying patterns of secretagog release in animals undergoing psychological stressors; 2) in contrast to physical stressors, OT appears to be a major component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to psychological stress; 3) the patterns of secretagog release differ with regards to physical and psychological stressors.
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PMID:Patterns of adrenocorticotropin secretagog release with hypoglycemia, novelty, and restraint after colchicine blockade of axonal transport. 767 13

Hypothalamic mechanisms of neurohormone regulation of endocrine pancreas in diabetes mellitus, adaptation to hypoxia and their combination were studied on Wistar rats. To evaluate the condition of supraoptic nucleus (SON) secretory function, paraventricular subnuclei (PVH) of hypothalamus and endocrine pancreas, we used radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemical, morphometrical and histochemical methods. Hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, glucagon and somatostatin synthesis and secretion intensification in diabetes mellitus is accompanied by marked reorganization of hypothalamic neurohormones (CRF, vasopressin, oxytocin) secretion with corresponding signs of activity increase of synthesizing their hypothalamus nuclei and subnuclei and also ACTH, corticosterone, cortisol rise in blood. Adaptation to hypoxia caused hypoglycemia, activated insulin biosynthesis, changed glucagon and somatostatin synthesis and secretion. CRF concentration, corticosterone and cortisol, ACTH in blood was not changed, vasopressin concentration lowered, oxytocin in median eminence of hypothalamus increased to a higher degree than in diabetes. Adaptation to hypoxia corrected impaired hormone balance and state of Langerhans islets (beta-cells destruction process inhibition, insulin biosynthesis stimulation, glucagon and somatostatin secretion decrease) in diabetes mellitus, hypothalamic neurohormones participating in this process.
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PMID:[The vasopressin-, oxytocin- and corticoliberin-synthesizing structures of the hypothalamus in rats with diabetes mellitus under hypoxic exposures]. 790 84


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