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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because of the rising cesarean birth rate in the United States, renewed interest in vaginal delivery after prior abdominal operation has been evident. In a prospective collaborative study 789 patients were evaluated for inclusion into this investigation. Of the 717 subjects who entered the study 162 chose to attempt vaginal birth and 101 were successful. Desire for tubal sterilization and the lack of prior vaginal delivery were significant correlates of the group selecting repeat abdominal birth and of those who were unsuccessful when vaginal delivery was attempted. There were eight dehiscences and three uterine ruptures among the 717 patients and none was related to catastrophic outcome for the mother or neonate. Perinatal losses (12) were not related to uterine rupture or method of delivery. There were no significant differences in uterine disruption between patients selecting either route of delivery. Likewise ancillary factors such as a prior febrile puerperium (endometritis), number of prior cesarean births, low-vertical uterine incisions, recurrent operative indications, the use of epidural anesthesia, or oxytocin administration were not discriminating factors in whether women chose to attempt or were successful in completing vaginal delivery after prior abdominal birth. From our data vaginal birth after cesarean section appears to be safe if conducted in a carefully selected population that is closely monitored in a prospective manner.
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PMID:Vaginal delivery following previous cesarean birth. 685 34

Abortion during midpregnancy was performed in 80 patients by mechanical stretching of the uterus. In one group (n = 40) two Nelaton catheters and in the other group (n = 40) a Nelaton catheter with a small balloon attached to its end were inserted in the extra-amniotic space. In the latter group the balloon was inflated with 150 or 200 ml of physiologic saline solution. In both groups the patients were subdivided into early (n = 20) and late midterm groups (n = 20). In all cases oxytocin plus prostaglandin F2 alpha drip infusion was given as a supplement. Abortion time was significantly shorter in the catheter-balloon group than that in the catheter group (p less than 0.005), and in the late midterm group than in the early midterm group (p less than 0.01). The risk of endometritis during treatment with chemoprophylaxis was low. X-ray studies revealed that the catheter stimulates various unspecified regions of the uterus, elevates its excitability, and causes regular uterine contractions.
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PMID:Abortion at midpregnancy by catheter or catheter-balloon supplemented by intravenous oxytocin and PGF2 alpha. 694 76

The effects of oxytocin on the percentage of technetium 99m albumin colloid (99mTc-microAA), cleared from the uterine lumen was measured in 13 mares. Scintigraphy was performed during 4 consecutive oestrous cycles, on Day 3 of oestrus during Cycles one and 3 and 48 h after ovulation during Cycles 2 and 4. Oxytocin (20 iu) was given i.v. after the initial scintigraphy image during Cycles 3 and 4. Seven multiparous mares (Group 1) were classified as 'susceptible' and 6 mares (2 nulliparous and 4 multiparous; Group 2) were classified as 'resistant' to endometritis. All mares cleared > 90% of 99mTc-microAA within 30 min of oxytocin injection. When no drug was given, Group 1 mares cleared negligible amounts of radiocolloid (< 5%) and Group 2 mares cleared 50-80%. No mares showed signs of colic after oxytocin administration. It is concluded that oxytocin enhances uterine clearance of radiocolloid and may be useful for treating mares exhibiting impaired uterine clearance.
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PMID:Oxytocin enhances clearance of radiocolloid from the uterine lumen of reproductively normal mares and mares susceptible to endometritis. 857 94

Oxytocin was administered to reduce incidence of retained placenta and uterine infections that could delay subsequent conception. Three hundred and fifty multiparous Friesian cows, each with spontaneous delivery of a single calf were divided randomly into two groups. Some (n = 175) were injected with 30 IU of oxytocin immediately after delivery and again 2-4 h later, while the remainder formed an untreated control group. The placental retention 24 h after parturition was 24.6% and 10.9% in control and treated animals respectively (P < 0.01). Endometritis occurred in 51.6% of the animals following placental retention as compared to 10.4% of those with normal expulsion of the fetal membranes (P < 0.001). A comparison of reproductive indices showed a statistically significant improvement of fertility in treated cows with the average interval from calving to conception being reduced from 124.4 d to 93.7 d (P < 0.0001).
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PMID:The use of oxytocin for the reduction of cow placental retention, and subsequent endometritis. 941 32

Persistent, postmating endometritis affects approximately 15% of mares and results in reduced fertility and sizable economic losses to the horse-breeding industry. Mares that are susceptible to postmating endometritis have delayed uterine clearance associated with reduced uterine contractility. Unfortunately, the mechanism for reduced uterine contractility remains an enigma. The present study examined the hypothesis that mares with delayed uterine clearance have an intrinsic contractile defect of the myometrium. Myometrial contractility was evaluated in vitro by measuring isometric tension generated by longitudinal and circular uterine muscle strips in response to KCl, oxytocin, and prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) for young nulliparous mares, older reproductively normal mares, and older mares with delayed uterine clearance. In addition, intracellular Ca(2+) regulation was evaluated using laser cytometry to measure oxytocin-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+) transients of myometrial cells loaded with a Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye, fluo-4. For all contractile agonists, myometrium from mares with delayed uterine clearance failed to generate as much tension as myometrium from older normal mares. Oxytocin-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+) transients were similar for myometrial cells from mares with delayed uterine clearance and from older normal mares, suggesting that the contractile defect did not result from altered regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Furthermore, no apparent age-dependent decline was observed in myometrial contractility; KCl-depolarized and oxytocin-stimulated longitudinal myometrium from young normal mares and older normal mares generated similar responses. However, circular myometrium from young normal mares failed to generate as much tension as myometrium from older normal mares when stimulated with oxytocin or PGF(2alpha), suggesting possible age-related alterations in receptor-second messenger signaling mechanisms downstream of intracellular Ca(2+) release. In summary, for mares with delayed uterine clearance, an intrinsic contractile defect of the myometrium may contribute to reduced uterine contractility following breeding.
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PMID:Mares with delayed uterine clearance have an intrinsic defect in myometrial function. 1151 36

Thirteen postparturient mares were used to investigate the effects of ecbolic agents on the rate of uterine involution. Mares were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group S = intravenous injection of 2 ml saline twice daily for 10 days post partum (n=4); Group O = intravenous injection of 20 units oxytocin twice daily for 10 days post partum (n=4); and Group P = intramuscular injection of 500 mcg fluprostenol twice daily for 10 days post partum (n=5). Ovulation was determined by daily transrectal ultrasonographic examination of the ovaries. On Days 6, 11 and 16 post partum, transrectal ultrasonography was used to measure cross-sectional diameters of the uterine body, uterine horns and fluid within the uterine lumen. Uteri were swabbed for aerobic bacteriologic culture on Days 11 and 16 post partum. Uterine biopsies were obtained from the base of the previously gravid uterine horn on Days 11 and 16 post partum for subjective assessment of endometritis and morphometric analysis of endometrial histoarchitecture. Mean values for all measurements of uterine involution did not differ among groups (P>0.05). For all mares, the diameter of luminal fluid was not correlated to diameter of the uterine body or uterine horns, or to morphometric measurements of endometrial histoarchitecture of the previously gravid uterine horn (P>0.05). Likewise, accumulation of fluid within the uterine lumen was not associated with endometritis or recovery of potential bacterial pathogens (P>0.05). Mean diameter of the previously gravid uterine horn was negatively correlated with morphometric measures of endometrial histoarchitecture of the previously gravid uterine horn (P<0.01).
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PMID:Effects of ecbolic agents on measurements of uterine involution in the mare. 1672 27

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of hCG injected immediately after mating in Arabian barren mares treated with uterine lavage and oxytocin. Arabian barren mares (n=36) with PMIE were subjected to detailed clinical examinations including palpation per rectum, vaginoscopy, and cytological examination. After mating the 36 mares were randomly divided into four groups. The mares in group 1 (n=10) were immediately after breeding injected with hCG 3,000 IU IM. Uterine lavage with 1L of N-saline containing 4 million IU of crystalline penicillin and 4 g of streptomycin sulphate was performed 4h after breeding. Then mares received two injections of oxytocin 40 IU IM 2h apart after 6h of mating. Mares in group 2 (n=10) treated with uterine lavage and oxytocin as group 1. While mares in group 3 (n=10) received uterine lavage only. A control group (n=6) as group 4 did not received any treatment. The results of clinical examination indicated that 69.4% of PMIE mares were harboring severe endometritis and 30.6% with a moderate form of endometritis. Significant (P<0.01) increase in lymphocytes were founded in barren mares included in this study. Higher pregnancy rate (P<0.01) was founded in Arabian barren mares 80% injected with hCG immediately after breeding and uterine lavage and oxytocin. No significant difference was found in mares received uterine lavage and oxytocin and uterine lavage only. In a conclusion, administration of hCG immediately after mating and intrauterine lavage containing antibiotics performed 4h and two injections of oxytocin 40 IU IM 2h apart after 6h of mating had improved fertility of Arabian barren mares.
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PMID:Effect on fertility of human chorionic gonadotrophin and uterine lavage with oxytocin performed after mating in Arabian barren mares. 1768 36

Endometritis, a major cause of mare infertility arising from failure to remove bacteria, spermatozoa and inflammatory exudate post-breeding, is often undiagnosed. Defects in genital anatomy, myometrial contractions, lymphatic drainage, mucociliary clearance, cervical function, plus vascular degeneration and inflamm-ageing underlie susceptibility to endometritis. Diagnosis is made through detecting uterine fluid, vaginitis, vaginal discharge, short inter-oestrous intervals, inflammatory uterine cytology and positive uterine culture. However, these signs may be absent in subclinical cases. Hypersecretion of an irritating, watery, neutrophilic exudate underlies classic, easy-to-detect streptococcal endometritis. In contrast, biofilm production, tenacious exudate and focal infection may characterize subclinical endometritis, commonly caused by Gram-negative organisms, fungi and staphylococci. Signs of subclinical endometritis include excessive oedema post-mating and a white line between endometrial folds on ultrasound. In addition, cultures of uterine biopsy tissue or of small volume uterine lavage are twice as sensitive as guarded swabs in detecting Gram-negative organisms, while uterine cytology is twice as sensitive as culture in detecting endometritis. Uterine biopsy may detect deep inflammatory and degenerative changes, such as disruption of the elastic fibres of uterine vessels (elastosis), while endoscopy reveals focal lesions invisible on ultrasound. Mares with subclinical endometritis require careful monitoring by ultrasound post-breeding. Treatments that may be added to traditional therapies, such as post-breeding uterine lavage, oxytocin and intrauterine antibiotics, include lavage 1-h before mating, carbetocin, cloprostenol, cervical dilators, systemic antibiotics, intrauterine chelators (EDTA-Tris), mucolytics (DMSO, kerosene, N-acetylcysteine), corticosteroids (prednisolone, dexamethasone) and immunomodulators (cell wall extracts of Mycobacterium phlei and Propionibacterium acnes).
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PMID:Clinical and subclinical endometritis in the mare: both threats to fertility. 1966 76

The most probable reason for persistent postbreeding endometritis in mares is weak myometrial contractility. The influence of oxytocin (OT; an ecbolic agent) and flunixin meglumine (FLU; a prostaglandin inhibitor serving as a model for mares with decreased uterine contractility) on uterine response to artificial insemination (AI) was studied in mares with no history of reproductive failure. The mares were treated intravenously with 10 mL saline (Group C, n=10) or 0.01 IU/kg OT (Group OT, n=10) 2, 4, 8, and 25 h after AI. Group FLU (n=11) was treated with 1.1mg/kg FLU 2h after AI and with saline thereafter. The mares received the same treatments in the first and third cycles but were sampled either at 8 or 25 h. The amount of intrauterine fluid (IUF) and edema and the number of uterine contractions were recorded before AI and 10 min after the treatments using transrectal ultrasonography. At 8h after AI, the mares were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin, and, after 8-h or 25-h scans, a 500-mL uterine lavage and a biopsy were performed. Ovulation was confirmed at 48 h and pregnancy 14 to 17 d after AI. No manipulations were done during the second estrus. At 8h after AI, Group FLU had more polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the uterine lavage fluid than did Group OT (P<0.05), but uterine contractions did not differ significantly. At 25 h, the PMN concentrations were low in all groups. Group OT rarely showed IUF. The uterine biopsy specimens of Group FLU showed less inflammation of the stroma but more PMNs in the uterine lumen 8h after AI than that of the control group (P<0.05). The pregnancy rates did not differ between the groups (63% C, 53% OT, and 50% FLU). Oxytocin rapidly and effectively removed IUF and PMNs after AI and thereby shortened the duration of postbreeding inflammation.
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PMID:Effect of oxytocin and flunixin meglumine on uterine response to insemination in mares. 1978 32

A total of 501 dairy cows were allocated sequentially to be treated immediately after parturition with either 25 iu oxytocin or 35 mg carbetocin, or to be left untreated. Any abnormal parturition, including assisted calving, the birth of twins or dead calves, retained fetal membranes or hypocalcaemia, was recorded, and the cows were examined between 28 and 42 days after calving for endometritis. Pregnancy was diagnosed from 30 days after insemination. The incidence of endometritis was similar (14 per cent, 16 per cent and 19 per cent) and the median intervals from calving to pregnancy were similar (118, 121 and 119 days) for the cows treated with oxytocin, carbetocin or receiving no treatment, respectively. The incidence of endometritis and the median intervals from calving to pregnancy were also similar between the groups for the cows that had an abnormal parturition.
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PMID:Effects of the administration of oxytocin or carbetocin to dairy cows at parturition on their subsequent fertility. 1993 42


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