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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostaglandin (PG) gels were used to induce second-trimester abortion in 141 women aged 16-44 years, 1973-1976. PGE2 gel was used alone for 65 women, and in combination with oxytocin for 25 women; PGF2-alpha was used alone for 15, and combined with oxytocin for 36. Indications were: medical (5 cases), psychosocial (97 cases), and missed abortion or fetal death in utero (39 cases). The gel was administered extra-amniotically via catheter; abortion occurred within 36 hours in 136 cases. Mean administration abortion interval varied from 9 hours 52 minutes to 16 hours 17 minutes. A dose-response relationship was noted between the prostaglandin dose and the interval to abortion. Side effects included vomiting (29 cases), diarrhea (2 cases), fever (9 cases), hemorrhage (14 cases), endometritis (2 cases), and circulatory symptoms (2 cases) and torn cervix (1 case). No signficant differences between primigravidae and others were observed.
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PMID:[Therapeutic abortions in the second trimestre of pregnancy with prostaglandine gel (author's transl)]. 64 Mar 66

Midtrimester abortion was successfully induced in 55 of 60 patients with continuous extraovular infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) following the insertion of intracervical laminaria tents. Intravenous oxytocin was also used in 38 (63%) of the 60 patients. The mean induction-abortion time (IAT) was 11.72 hours +/- 1.06 SD). Abortion was completed in 40% within 8 hours, 80% within 16 hours, and 93% within 24 hours. The mean total dose of PGF2alpha was 41.9 mg. There was no significant difference in IAT between the parous patients (13.40 hours +/- 1.90 SD) and the nulliparous patients (10.41 hours +/- 1.13 SD). There was no apparent correlation between IAT and the stages of gestation (12 to 22 weeks). The five patients who failed to abort within 24 to 36 hours underwent uterine evacuation, which was easily accomplished because there was a marked degree of cervical dilatation. Side effects and complications of the technique were few. Endometritis occurred in three patients, two of whom had had intrauterine devices in situ until just prior to the procedure. It appears that this method has a high success rate, an acceptable safety factor, good patient tolerance, and relatively few side effects.
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PMID:Induction of midtrimester abortion by the combined method of continuous extravovular infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha and intracervical laminaria tents. 100 20

One hundred five consecutive women with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) at term were managed expectantly for at least 24 hours. Seventy-six went into spontaneous labor, of whom 38 were augmented with oxytocin. Twenty-nine had labor induced. Subjects who delivered during the same study interval after artificial rupture of the membranes served as controls. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of amnionitis, endometritis, cystitis, neonatal infection, low Apgar score, low cord arterial blood pH, instrumental delivery, or cesarean delivery. Morbidity was seen most often in induced labor whether or not the membranes were ruptured for a long time. It is concluded that expectant management of PROM at term does not increase perinatal morbidity.
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PMID:Premature rupture of membranes at term in nulliparous women: a hazard? 221 1

From October 1984 to April 1986, 237 women who had had an earlier cesarean section underwent a trial of labor (TOL). The delivery outcomes for 87 who received epidural analgesia were compared retrospectively with those for the 150 who did not. There were no overt uterine ruptures. The rates were similar for successful TOL, uterine scar dehiscence, blood transfusions, endometritis and one- and five-minute Apgar scores. The rate of operative vaginal delivery was higher in the epidural group. When epidural subjects were divided into vaginal and cesarean delivery groups, the failed-TOL group differed from the successful-TOL group in greater maternal weight gain, heavier and longer infants, higher rate of oxytocin administration, less cervical dilation and higher station at epidural activation. When the oxytocin-treated subjects were excluded, however, the epidural and no-epidural patients had the same successful TOL rates (94% and 92%, respectively) and spontaneous vaginal delivery rates (70% and 76%, respectively). Epidural analgesia, when controlled for oxytocin use, appears to have no effect on the failed-TOL or operative vaginal delivery rate.
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PMID:Epidural analgesia. Effect on the likelihood of a successful trial of labor after cesarean section. 223 64

When used for patients undergoing trial of labor after previous cesarean, oxytocin is associated with an increased failure rate. Previous reports have not studied why this occurs. From October 1984 to April 1986, 237 patients with previous cesareans underwent a trial of labor. The delivery outcomes of 73 women who received oxytocin were compared with those of the 164 who did not. Rates were similar for uterine scar dehiscence, uterine rupture, operative vaginal delivery, blood transfusions, endometritis, and low Apgar scores. Successful trial of labor occurred in 68% in the oxytocin group, compared with 89% in the no-oxytocin group. Failed trial of labor was significantly more frequent in patients who received oxytocin for induction of labor than in those who did not. When subjects who received oxytocin were divided into induction (N = 47) and augmentation (N = 26) groups, successful trial of labor occurred in 58% of the former group versus 88% of the latter group. Other characteristics of the augmentation group were spontaneous labor, greater cervical dilation and effacement at initiation of oxytocin, shorter duration of infusion, and lower oxytocin infusion rates. For patients who have had previous cesareans and who desire trial of labor, oxytocin by controlled infusion is safe. Successful trial of labor may be enhanced by awaiting spontaneous labor or inducing with a favorable cervix.
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PMID:Oxytocin use after previous cesarean: why a higher rate of failed labor trial? 230 7

The management of patients with one previous caesarean section whose membranes rupture spontaneously (SROM) before labour poses a clinical problem. This paper reports the outcome in a consecutive series of 56 such patients who presented after 37 weeks' gestation over 5 years (1983-1987). Vaginal examination was avoided before labour to minimise the risk of infection. Oxytocin was not used for induction, and the spontaneous onset of labour was awaited. The mean SROM-to-delivery interval was 42.6 hours. Only five (9%) patients required a repeat caesarean section. There was no case of scar dehiscence, and only five patients required oxytocin augmentation in labour. There was one case of postpartum endometritis, and none of the neonates showed clinical evidence of infection. In patients with one previous caesarean section whose membranes rupture spontaneously before labour, we suggest that awaiting the spontaneous onset of labour can safely achieve a high rate of vaginal delivery and avoid the need to induce labour with oxytocin.
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PMID:Management of antepartum spontaneous membrane rupture after one previous caesarean section. 233 51

A report is presented classifying complications which resulted in 1970 from 436 legal abortions performed by vacuum aspiration in conjunction with iv oxytocin infusion. 39% were pregnant for the 1st time, and 26% had undergone a previous abortion. The overall complication rate was 10.3%, with 4.4% having complications (i.e., salpingitis, endometritis, rupture of the cervix, or perforation of the uterus), which theoretically could lead to infertility or other secondary complications.
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PMID:[Somatic complications after legal abortion by vacuum aspiration combined with oxytocin infusion]. 465 Apr 78

The use of intraamniotic injection of hypertonic solutions for termination of pregnancy during the second trimester has been generally adopted. Because of side effects in such treatment with other agents, it was decided to use intraamniotic instillation of urea solution (Urevert) to induce midtrimester therapeutic abortion in 38 patients. The method was successful in 35 patients (92%) with a mean injection/abortion interval of 26.1 hours, shorter than that with the use of hypertonic saline or hypertonic glucose solutions. The side effects of headache, nausea, and vomiting were mild, and an endometritis in 1 patient responded well to antibiotic treatment. Intravenous oxytocin drip was necessary in patients with hypotonic contractions or in those who failed to react within 36 hours after injection. In 3 cases of missed labor, the urea solution injected induced labor within 5-8 hours, with no side effects. The mean in-patient hospital time was 4.3 days.
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PMID:Termination of midtrimester pregnancy by intramniotic injection of urea. 482 62

Midtrimester abortion by extraovular instillation of normal saline was performed in 50 patients. All 50 aborted following the procedure, and there were no complications except for one case of endometritis that was successfully treated by antibiotics. The mean abortion time was 33 hours, without added oxytocin, and 30 hours when pitocin was administered intravenously. The extraovular route eliminates the necessity for amniocentesis, with its associated risks. By using normal saline instead of pharmacologic agents such as urea, glucose, hypertonic saline, prostaglandins, we were able to eliminate the complications related to drug side effects.
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PMID:Extraovular instillations of normal saline for termination of midtrimester pregnancy. 611 May 81

To determine whether younger teenagers (age 17 years or less) face differing morbidity than other women, a cohort study comparing risks of morbidity at the time of elective abortion between 399 young adolescents aged 17 years or less matched with 399 women aged 20-29 years was undertaken. Only women undergoing suction curettage up to 14 weeks duration of gestation or urea amnioinfusion in combination with intraamniotic prostaglandin F2alpha or intravenous oxytocin at 16-22 weeks duration of gestation were included. Cohert subjects were women who had undergone their abortion care in Fertility Control Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, Maryland) between January 1, 1976 December 31, 1978. The occurence of endometritis was the only complication found more frequently among the adolescents to a significant degree. Among the endometritis patients, 7 adolescents and 2 control women were hospitalized for intravenous antibiotic therapy. The study indicates that adolescents undergoing abortion procedures are at increased risk for postabortal endometritis once other factors such as gestational age, type of abortion procedure, parity, race, level of operation traning, and socioeconomic status have been controlled. Cervical laceration has been shown previously to be about twice as common among women aged 17 years or less compared with older women. The current study demostrated a similar trend but not to a statistically significant degree. Reasons for the increased rated of postabortal endometritis are unclear. The study demonstrated increased rates of preexisting cervical gonorrhea and urinary tract infection among the adolescents compared with the older women, but all of these women underwent treatment prior to the procedure and none experienced endometritis. Careful monitoring after the procedure for the occurence of infection is of obvious importance. Whether routine use of prophylactic antibiotics in this group would be of substantial benefit may deserve further study.
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PMID:Morbidity risk among young adolescents undergoing elective abortion. 649 41


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