Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper evaluated how the pregnancy after 41 completed weeks' gestation with amniotic fluid index (AFI) > 6 has a slower response to the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induction. Eighty-one post-term pregnancies (41 completed gestations' weeks) with unfavorable cervix were considered in this follow-up. Induction was performed by means of intracervical PGE2 gel (Dinoprostone 0.5 mg). After 12 hours, if the cervix was still unfavorable, then another gel administration followed. Cases that had oxytocin administration were excluded from the study. The median time of spontaneous delivery in the overall series was 25 hours, 14 minutes. We had 18 cases of cesarean section (22.2%). In the group of pregnancies with AFI > 6 (60 cases) and in the group with AFI < or =6 (21 cases), the median time of spontaneous delivery was 29 hours, 25 minutes and 23 hours, 39 minutes, respectively (p-value = 0.02). The rate of cesarean sections was 26.67 and 9.52, respectively in the two groups (p-value >0.05). Two out of four cases of cesarean sections for fetal distress belonged to the group of AFI > 6. All the 14 cases of cesarean section for dystocia belonged to the group with AFI > 6. Considering just patients who did not deliver within 12 hours (57 cases), median time of spontaneous delivery was 33 hours and 24 hours 40 minutes for group AFI > 6 (42 cases) and AFI < or =6 (15 cases), respectively (p-value = 0.0009). Thirty-one cases out of 57 had another PGE2 gel administration. Adjusted odds ratio was 0.33 (0.16-0.65, 95% C.I.) for AFI < or =6 versus AFI > 6.
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PMID:Correlation among amniotic fluid index (AFI), cesarean section rate, and labor length in inducted pregnancies beyond 41 weeks' gestation with unfavorable cervix. 1114 15

Epidural analgesia (EDA) is the most effective method of intrapartum pain relief. Its influence on the course of labor continues to be controversial. Although a cause-and-effect relationship has not been proven, this form of analgesia has been blamed for a host of adverse maternal/fetal events during labor, including prolonged first and second stage of labor, dystocia, malrotation of the fetal head and an increased risk of operative delivery (instrumental delivery, Caesarean section). Our own data from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Leipzig demonstrate that women with epidural analgesia had a longer duration of labor (the greater proportion taking more than 13 hours), although labor was often already protracted before the start of epidural analgesia. Early epidural analgesia with a cervical dilatation of less than 4 cm does not have any negative impact on the progress of labor. The duration of second-stage pushing and the rate of instrumental deliveries were not increased in our patients. Although the Caesarean section rate for women with an EDA was elevated, the total proportion of secondary Caesarean section remained unchanged despite increased use of EDA. Our findings suggest that women selected for intrapartal EDA already represent a population with an increased risk of an unfavourable course of labor, priming of the cervix, increased need of oxytocin and nulliparity. Pain relief in itself is sufficient indication for the use of intrapartal epidural analgesia.
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PMID:[Effect of peridural analgesia on labor progress]. 1136 77

This trial was conducted in a farrow-to-finish pig unit from November 1999 to February 2000. Since November 1998 an induction-of-parturition program was applied in gilts and sows with PGF2alpha (2 mL Dinolytic, i.m.) 113 d post service, followed by oxytocin (1 mL Intertocine-S, i.m.) 24 h later. This program resulted in a high proportion of animals farrowing within the working hours of the day. At mid December 1999 splay-legs and edematous swelling and reddening of the vulva started to be observed in newborn piglets. A concurrent decline of parameters related to parturition also was noticed. Mycotoxicological analyses of the feeds revealed a co-occurring contamination with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. For a 4-week period, sows were divided into two groups: (a) an induction-of-parturition and (b) a non-induction-of-parturition group. Significant differences were found between the two groups relating to prevalence of dystocia (<.05) and pregnancy duration (<.05). Moreover, it was found that prevalence of splay-legs and swelling of the vulva were highly correlated (<.05) with reduction of percentage of sows farrowing within the working day and increase of pre-weaning mortality. It was concluded that such an induction-of-parturition program should be avoided during a Fusarium mycotoxicosis.
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PMID:Association of Fusarium mycotoxicosis with failure in applying an induction of parturition program with PGF2alpha and oxytocin in sows. 1139 24

Mothers given an epidural rather than parenteral opioid labor analgesia report less pain and are more satisfied with their pain relief. Analgesic method does not affect fetal oxygenation, neonatal pH, or 5-minute Apgar scores; however, neonates whose mothers received parenteral opioids require naloxone and have low 1-minute Apgar scores more frequently than do neonates whose mothers received epidural analgesia. Epidural labor analgesia does not affect the incidence of cesarean delivery, instrumented vaginal delivery for dystocia, or new-onset long-term back pain. Epidural analgesia is associated with longer second-stage labor, more frequent oxytocin augmentation, hypotension, and maternal fever (particularly among women who shiver) but not with longer first-stage labor. Analgesic method does not affect lactation success. Epidural use and urinary incontinence are associated immediately postpartum but not at 3 or 12 months. The mechanisms of these unintended effects need to be determined to improve epidural labor analgesia.
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PMID:The effects of epidural analgesia on labor, maternal, and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review. 1236 2

During late bovine pregnancy, several hormones are involved to maintain and develop a successful result with a live calf. These hormones are e.g., progesterone, high levels during the whole pregnancy period, originating from the corpus luteum, maternal adrenals and placenta. Oestrone sulphate, oestrone in its conjugated form, shows elevated levels from about mid-pregnancy until the third stage of parturition (expelling of the fetal membranes). For the onset of normal parturition and the parturition process as such, a change from progesterone to oestrone synthesis is crucial. The increasing levels of oestrone are time-related to an increased synthesis of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (reflected as elevated levels of 15-ketodihydro-PGF(2alpha)) causing prepartal luteolysis and several hormones are then involved in the labour process such as prostaglandin F(2alpha), cortisol and oxytocin. Cortisol might also be an indicator of stressful events for the dam. Levels of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs), originating from the trophoblastic binucleate cells, are increasing during the last 10 days prior to parturition. All the mentioned hormones have certain functions during pregnancy, more or less understood. However, could deviations from the expected profiles during late bovine pregnancy indicate impaired fetal well-being or be of importance for reproductive performance during the postpartum period? Abortions, stillbirths or dystocia are situations where endocrine profiles might predict the status of the calf. There are two possible approaches to study the endocrine changes in late pregnancy-to follow spontaneous cases of normal or impaired pregnancies or to experimentally disturb the gestation or induce parturition. We have in one study followed pregnant animals to depict reproductive disturbances, both animals with expected normal parturitions and animals where the sire of the calf has given rise to a high incidence of stillborn calves. The number of stillborn calves or dystocia has been small and so far it has not been possible to obtain a clear picture of the usefulness of endocrine parameters to follow fetal well being, but some of the hormonal parameters show a deviating profile. In a small group of animals with induced parturition (PGF(2alpha)), two out of three had parturition problems and one of these animals had a stillborn calf. All three animals had retained fetal membranes. It was possible to demonstrate a deviating endocrine profile in the cow having the stillborn calf in the sense of higher levels of progesterone, cortisol and 15-ketodihydro-PGF(2alpha) at the time of parturition. In both animals with dystocia the levels of oestrone sulphate after parturition were more sustained. Increasing and high levels of PAGs were only demonstrated in the animal with a normal parturition. These studies are ongoing, aiming at finding changes in endocrine profiles related to impaired pregnancies.
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PMID:Endocrine changes in late bovine pregnancy with special emphasis on fetal well-being. 1214 48

In India, physicians analyzed data on 56 women (18-20 weeks gestation) at the Marie Stopes Clinic in Jodhpur who underwent pregnancy termination to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ethacriding lactate which has antiseptic properties. They injected 150 cc 0.1% ethacriding lactate into the intrauterine, extra-amniotic space. They used iv infusion of oxytocin to expedite the delivery of the abortus. 59% of cases were unmarried teenagers. Ethacridine lactate induced successful abortion in 92.8% (52) of cases which was much higher than that found in the literature (about 82%). Abortion failure occurred in the other 4 cases because of transverse lie of fetus (2), cervical dystocia (1), and uterine inertia (1). The transverse lie and cervical dystocia cases would have experienced failure regardless of the uterotonic abortifacient used. 3 of the failure cases underwent evacuation while the other underwent hysterotomy. Most women (73.2%) experienced the abortion 12-24 hours after induction. The mean interval was 20.1 house which was shorter than that of previous reports (29.5-38 hours). The shortest induction-abortion interval was 10.5 hours and the longest was more than 36 hours. Complications occurred in 6 (14.4%) cases. 3 (5.4%) women suffered from cervical tear. 3 (5.4%) women experienced incomplete expulsion which was much lower than that reported in the literature (16-30%). On the other hand, the 5.4% incomplete expulsion rate was higher than that for prostaglandin and hypertonic saline. There was 1 case each of severe bleeding and vaginal laceration. The antiseptic properties of ethacridine lactate likely accounted for the complete absence of sepsis in these women. In conclusion, ethacridine lactate performs better than other instillation abortion methods and it is a safe and effective method.
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PMID:Ethacridine lactate -- a safe and effective drug for termination of pregnancy. 1231 89

Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetric complication with the incidence of 0.15% to 2%. An increase in the incidence of shoulder dystocia has been recorded over the last 20 years, probably just because it has now been regularly registered at maternity wards as an obstetric complication. The risk factors for shoulder dystocia include fetal macrosomia, fetal malformations and tumors, maternal adiposity, excessive weight gain during pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, pathologic pelvis, multiparity, short maternal stature, advanced maternal age, postterm pregnancy, so-called midforceps delivery or vacuum extraction, prolonged delivery stage II, oxytocin labor induction, premature fetal expression according to Kristeller, and previous shoulder dystocia in macrosomatic children. The sequels of shoulder dystocia and obstetric maneuvers for incarcerated shoulder release include clavicular fracture, brachial plexus lesions, sternocleidomastoid muscle distension with or without hematoma, diaphragmatic paralysis, Horner's syndrome, peripartal asphyxia and consequential cerebral lesions (cerebral palsy), and peripartal death. Maternal complications due to shoulder dystocia are postpartal hemorrhage, cervical and vaginal lacerations, frequent infections during the puerperium, symphysiolysis and rupture of the uterus, and secondary cesarean section with related complications due to unsuccessful obstetric procedures or as continuation of Zavanelli's maneuver. McRoberts' maneuver (or Gaskin maneuver) is recommended as the initial procedure for shoulder release in case of shoulder dystocia. If it fails, other obstetric procedures such as Resnik's suprapubic pressure and Woods' grip with posteriorly placed arm release should be used, always with gross lateral episiotomy. The performance of all these obstetric procedures requires skilfull and highly experienced obstetrician and obstetric team as a whole.
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PMID:Fetal shoulder dystocia. 1259 26

The objective of the present study was to evaluate in penned sows the effect of two commercial oxytocin products on umbilical cord pathology, degree of asphyxia and intra-partum mortality. This study included 120 sows divided in three groups of 40 animals with eight animals for parities one to five per subgroup, respectively. Group 1 (G(1)) or control received saline solution while oxytocin groups (G(2)) and (G(3)) were injected at the onset of fetal expulsion with two oxytocin products. The doses of oxytocin were as follow: Primiparous sows weighing less than 130 kg received 20 IU; multiparous sows weighing 130-180 g received 30 IU, and those above 250 kg, 40 IU. Piglets born alive and/or dead were classified at birth using a subjective scale based on the degree of meconium staining on skin. Umbilical cords of intra-partum stillbirths (IPS) were classified as adhered or ruptured and subdivided into four categories: without pathological changes, edematous, congested and hemorrhagic. Result analyses revealed significant differences (P < 0.01) between groups 1 and 2, and 1 and 3 regarding the following traits: expulsion interval (min) (X: G(1) 27.7; G(2) 22.6; G(3) 22.2), IPS with a severe stain degree (X: G(1) 0.10; G(2) 0.45; G(3) 0.50), IPS with ruptured umbilical cords (X: G(1) 0.07; G(2) 0.42; G(3) 0.47), and detectable heartbeats in IPS (X: G(1) 0.27; G(2) 0.25; G(3) 0.22). Treatment with oxytocin reduced the duration of the expulsion of the fetus, increased the number of IPS with ruptured umbilical cords and with severe meconium-stain degree and reduced the number of fetuses with inspiration attempts. Furthermore, the use of this hormone increased the need for obstetric assistance due to increased frequency of dystocia.
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PMID:Use of oxytocin in penned sows and its effect on fetal intra-partum asphyxia. 1530 95

The objective of the study was to assess the risk factors associated with obstetric brachial plexus injury. It was a retrospective analysis over a 7-year period, of women whose labours were either complicated by shoulder dystocia or had neonates who sustained brachial plexus injury. The 133 women included were divided into two groups: (1) Non-brachial plexus injury (Non-BPI) group: 106 women with labours complicated by shoulder dystocia. (2) Brachial plexus injury (BPI) group: 27 women whose neonates sustained BPI. Comparison of ante-partum, intra-partum and post-partum factors was done. In the BPI group, there were significantly more nulliparous women, with more use of oxytocin. The neonatal variables were similar in both groups. Mean birth weight was more than 4 kg in both groups. In the presence of similar neonatal variables, brachial plexus injury is more likely to occur in neonates of primiparous women in the presence of shoulder dystocia, if labour is accelerated.
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PMID:Primiparity: a risk factor for brachial plexus injury in the presence of shoulder dystocia? 1675 11

The objectives of the present study were to determine whether induction of parturition in mares at term with low doses of oxytocin (2.5 i.u. i.v. every 20 min) affected the incidence of peri-partum complications or inflammatory responses in the neonatal foal. Parturition was induced in 11 of 26 mares and the remainder foaled spontaneously. Serum concentrations of amyloid A (AA; an acute phase protein) were measured (with a commercial ELISA) from 0 to 72 h postpartum in 18 of the neonatal foals. The incidence of dystocia and premature placental separation was higher in induced mares (2 of 11 and 1 of 11 versus 0 of 15 and 0 of 15, respectively), whereas retained fetal membranes were more common in spontaneous foalings (2 of 15 versus 0 of 11). When abnormal foals were excluded (to decrease the influence of endogenous serum AA elevations), serum concentrations of AA increased to the same extent over time in foals with induced versus spontaneous parturition; foals with spontaneous parturition had a mean serum AA concentration of 7.8 microg/mL at birth that increased to a maximum of 58.9 microg/mL at 36 h; foals with induced parturition had a mean serum AA concentration of 5.4 microg/mL at birth that increased to a maximum of 41.4 microg/mL at 48 h. Baseline serum AA concentrations were lower in induced foals. We concluded that inducing parturition with low doses of oxytocin in mares at term did not affect (relative to spontaneous parturition) the temporal dynamics of serum AA concentrations in the normal foal in the first 72 h of life. However, the induction procedure may lead to complications during parturition that, if not detected early, could result in the development of an inflammatory response in the neonate.
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PMID:Influence of induction of parturition on the neonatal acute phase response in foals. 1698 83


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