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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood levels of oxytocin during parturition in pelvic-neurectomized rats were determined by radioimmunoassay. Four out of 29 pelvic-neurectomized rats completed parturition within 23 days of pregnancy. These rats exhibited an increase in blood levels of oxytocin during parturition similar to those of shamoperated control rats, but delivery took longer and there was a higher percentage of still-births. The rise in blood levels of oxytocin was smaller in the 16 rats in which the first fetus was expelled but where delivery did not end within day 23 of gestation than that in sham-operated controls. Levels did not increase in the other nine rats which failed to deliver the first fetus within 23 days of pregnancy. They did, however, show signs indicating delivery, such as stretch movements, vaginal bleeding and/or excretion of mucus within 23 days of gestation. Oxytocin infusion (2 mu./min) for 2-4 h increased uterine contractions in the pelvic-neurectomized rats but failed to reduce the percentage of still-births or the duration of delivery. Immunoneutralization of circulating oxytocin by anti-oxytocin serum in intact pregnant rats resulted in a significant but much smaller prolongation of the duration of delivery compared with that observed in pelvic-neurectomized rats. The rise in blood levels of oxytocin during pregnancy may be induced, at least in part, by the Ferguson reflex via the pelvic nerve and may thus facilitate the process of delivery. A shortage of oxytocin secretion may not, however, be the main cause of the dystocia in pelvic-neurectomized rats.
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PMID:Oxytocin release during parturition in the pelvic-neurectomized rat. 371 58

A retrospective study was done on 525 infants who weighed more than 4,500 g. The rates of grand multiparity, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension, deliveries in women over 35 years of age, placenta previa and weight gain of more than 15 kg were higher than in a control group weighing 2,500-4,000 g. The rates of delivery with instruments and cesarean section were also significantly higher. The main indication for cesarean section in the study group was cephalopelvic disproportion, while in the control group it was repeat cesarean section. Rates of postpartum hemorrhage, shoulder dystocia, oxytocin augmentation of labor and tears in the birth canal far exceeded those in the control group. Maternal and fetal morbidity and perinatal mortality were significantly higher than in the control group. The complications were due to a difficult second stage of labor. Delivery of the macrosomic fetus by cesarean section is highly recommended except for the subgroup of women who already delivered a macrosomic child.
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PMID:Complications associated with the macrosomic fetus. 373 62

The details of clinical management were examined in 101 nulliparous patients with functional dystocia who underwent amniotomy and were treated with oxytocin in the first stage of labor. It was our hypothesis that if the alleged "high" rate of cesarean sections was the result of mediocre or flawed practices, these should be most evident in patients delivered abdominally. A group of 68 patients delivered vaginally are compared with 33 patients delivered by cesarean section. The means of many variables were statistically similar. The cesarean group was characterized by less cervical dilatation at admission, greater birth weights, larger maximum doses of oxytocin, and longer durations of oxytocin therapy. We conclude from our analysis that the decision to perform cesarean section in nulliparous women with functional dystocia arises from disabilities of the patient and not from differences in the application of our management principles, services, or treatments.
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PMID:Amniotomy and oxytocin treatment of functional dystocia and route of delivery. 375 81

The details of clinical management were examined in 96 nulliparous patients with functional dystocia who had spontaneous rupture of the membranes before admission and were treated with oxytocin in the first stage of labor. It was our hypothesis that if the allegedly "high" rate of cesarean sections was the result of mediocre or flawed practices, these should be most evident in patients delivered abdominally. A group of 59 patients delivered vaginally were compared with 37 patients delivered by cesarean section. The means of many variables were not statistically different. The cesarean section group was characterized by smaller stature, a lesser cervical dilatation rate both before and after oxytocin administration, a larger maximum oxytocin dose, a longer period of oxytocin administration, more frequent cessation of oxytocin administration or dose reduction because of hypercontractility or an abnormal fetal heart rate or both, and a higher incidence of intra-amniotic infection. We conclude that the decision to perform cesarean section in nulliparous women with functional dystocia arises from disabilities of the patient and not from differences in the application of our management principles, services, or treatments.
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PMID:Spontaneous rupture of the membranes, functional dystocia, oxytocin treatment, and the route of delivery. 379 46

The active management of labour in the National Maternity Hospital in Dublin has the general aim that labour will not last longer than 12 hours. Since the outstanding cause of dystocia is inefficient uterine action the proper use of oxytocin has a position of great importance, especially in primigravidae. In 1984 under this procedure perinatal mortality was 12/1000 and the rate of caesarean sections 4.2 per cent. Total births--7853.
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PMID:[Active management of labor]. 395 73

A matched pair study compares 250 low risk women delivered in a tertiary care center with a similar group cared for and delivered in an affiliated birth center. The patients could be matched in every respect with the exception of educational background. Twenty-one percent of the birth center patients required transfer to the hospital during the intrapartum period. Differences were found in cervical dilatation upon admission and length of labor. Intermittent fetal heart auscultation was used exclusively in birth center mothers, oral fluids and light diet were allowed. The hospital group received intravenous fluids. Oxytocin augmentation was used twice as often, and the incidence of shoulder dystocia appeared significantly higher in the control group. The reasons for transfer are described. The one neonatal death was due to persistent fetal circulation.
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PMID:A birth center affiliated with the tertiary care center: comparison of outcome. 396 Apr 32

A double blind randomised clinical trial was performed to assess the effects of oxytocin on the duration of placental retention following dystocia. If the placenta remained attached to the uterus immediately following assisted delivery of a calf, and was not expelled in the period taken to complete the protocol, an intramuscular injection of either 3 ml (60 USP units) of oxytocin or 3 ml of 0.9 per cent physiological saline was given to the cow. Each farmer was asked to observe the cow to determine the time of placental expulsion. In 55 cases available for analysis there was no significant difference between the treatment and control groups for percentage of placental retention at days 1, 2 or 3 post partum.
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PMID:Effects of oxytocin on placental retention following dystocia. 636 59

Our study of 390 patients enrolled in a birthing suite program revealed that antepartum or intrapartum problems allowed only 160 (41%) to actually give birth in the birthing suite. Antepartum complications included premature labor in ten (2.5%), premature ruptured membranes in 31 (8%), postdatism in 50 (13%), preeclampsia in 27 (7%), and diabetes mellitus in five (1.3%). Intrapartum complications included meconium in 62 (16%), arrest of labor in 64 (16%), oxytocin use in 85 (22%), and fetal heart rate decelerations in 28 (7%). Two hundred ninety-seven births (76%) were spontaneous. Forty-two low-forceps deliveries (10%), 12 mid-forceps deliveries (3%), and 39 cesarean sections (10%) were done in the traditional labor and delivery suite. Puerperal complications included one uterine inversion, two cases of placenta accreta, one rectovaginal fistula, and two requirements of blood transfusion. Neonatal morbidity included 22 low Apgar scores (7%), two shoulder dystocia, three cytomegalovirus infestations, and one lethal anomaly. Six infants had meconium aspiration, two with severe hypoxia. Any of these complications would overwhelm the patient in home birth. Intense prenatal screening may decrease some risk factors, but the intrapartum period was found to pose unacceptable risks for home birth in this population.
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PMID:Home birth: negative implications derived from a hospital-based birthing suite. 682 92

A descriptive study of 300 consecutive spontaneous labors in primigravid patients whose pregnancies were of 37 or more weeks' gestation with a singleton fetus in the vertex presentation, showed a cesarean section rate of 13%, a forceps delivery rate of 49%, and a spontaneous delivery rate of 38%. Oxytocin was used in 17% and epidural analgesia was used in 75% of the patients. The median rate for cervical dilatation for those women with spontaneous deliveries was 2 cm/hr (interquartile range = 1.5 to 3.3 cm/hr) and for those delivered with forceps, 1.2 cm/hr (interquartile range = 0.9 to 1.8 cm/hr). When labor was prolonged by 4 hours or more, the cesarean section rate rose to 34%. Oxytocin was used in only 41% of these patients. Of 23 women delivered by cesarean section for dystocia/disproportion, only nine received oxytocin. From the low incidence of low Apgar scores in all labor groups from this series, there would not appear to be a fetal advantage to earlier intervention. Although the suggestion from this study is that oxytocin administration when labor is prolonged by 4 hours will reduce the need for cesarean section, the true value of such an intervention can be tested only by a randomized controlled trial.
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PMID:The outcome of prolonged labor as defined by partography and the use of oxytocin: a descriptive study. 684 52

Perinatal morbidity and mortality are known to be higher for the macrosomic neonate whose birth weight is 4500 g or more, compared with that of appropriate-weight term-size neonates. In a retrospective study comparing 287 macrosomic neonates with 284 appropriate-weight term-size neonates, we found that macrosomia occurred in 1.3% of our annual deliveries, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1. Factors that occurred significantly more frequently in the mothers of macrosomic infants were maternal obesity, multiparity, diabetes mellitus, and previous delivery of an infant heavier than 4000 g. During the intrapartum period the incidence of labor augmentation by oxytocin, shoulder dystocia, and cesarean section was significantly greater in fetal macrosomia. Most significantly, this study revealed that macrosomia. Most significantly, this study revealed that macrosomic fetuses do not experience greater fetal distress in biophysically monitored labor than appropriate-weight term-size fetuses. Twenty-nine (10%) of the macrosomic infants required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) compared to 9 (3%) of the control patients (P less than 0.01). This excess neonatal morbidity in the macrosomic neonates was predominantly caused by the delivery process.
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PMID:Macrosomia--maternal, fetal, and neonatal implications. 736 96


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