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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to achieve ripening of the uterine cervix or to induce labor in patients at term with an unfavorable cervical state, 1 mg of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), suspended in a viscous gel, was instilled into the cervical canal. 61 women were divided into 2 groups, with 41 receiving the PGE2 gel intracervically. In the 2nd group, 10 patients received a gel with 1 mg PGE2 administered intracervically while the other 10 received a gel without the PGE2. Within this 2nd group, the patients were matched for maternal age, gestational age, and mean Bishop score. 23 of the 41 patients (56%) receiving the PGE2 gel went into labor, with delivery occurring without further stimulation, within 15 hours. In the remaining 18 patients, there was a marked improvement of the cervical state, which changed from an average (modified) Bishop score of 2.5 to 6.1 within 24 hours, with all delivering uneventfully. In a double-blind study comprising the remaining 20 nulliparae, the cervical state did not change significantly (Bishop score 3.6 and 4.0) after 24 hours in patients receiving the placebo gel. In those receiving PGE2 gel, 8 went into labor and were delivered without further induction within 13 hours. 2 patients showed an increase in Bishop score from 3 to 7, respectively after 24 hours and were induced by oxytocin, with delivery occurring after 8 and 10 hours. The results confirm that the intracervical administration of PGE2 in a viscous medium can induce ripening of the cervix in those patients at term displaying unfavorable cervical state.
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PMID:Ripening of the uterine cervix and induction of labour at term with prostaglandin E2 in viscous gel. 36 17

The authors present an original partogram showing the course of labour. The partogram consists of three parts. Its back first contains columns for general data, the position of the fetus, the results of amnioscopy and prepartal cardiotocography with the oxytocin test. The second part contains data on the progressed dilatation of the uterine cervix, the condition of the bag of waters, the quality of the amnionic fluid, uterine contractions, and he results of the pH-metry and the interpretation of cardiotocography in the course of labour. The third part contains the diagnosis of delivery and the newborn's vital symptoms. Six partograms of women with different characteristics and different pathologic conditions are presented. The authors underline the simple way of composing and using the partogram, as well as the benefit deriving from it, especially when several labours are conducted at the same time.
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PMID:[Role of the partogram in the modern conduction of labor]. 61 78

The study group consisted of 82 primigravid and 55 multiparous women with post term pregnancy, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, insufficiency of placenta and diabetes mellitus have induced labor. Prepidil (Upjohn) in dosage 0.5 mg was given into uterine cervix of 46 patients (PG group) and oxytocin was infused to 42 patients in dosage ranged from 5 mU/min to 30 mU/min (Ox group). Induction of labor has been considered as successful, if after 12 hours of drug administration, regular contractions of uterus and dilation of cervix more than 3 cm were obtained. Significant improvement of cervix state, measured by Bishop score has been observed only in PG group, even if the induction of labor failed. Similar rates of caesarean sections and the same occurrences of late and variable decelerations have been observed in both study groups. Results obtained in both these groups suggest that induction of labor in such pregnancies after prostaglandins administration is more effective than oxytocin infusion.
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PMID:[Induction of labor by using PGE2 and oxytocin in high risk pregnancies]. 130 12

Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) venous injection was used for the first time for induction of labor in 1968. The success rate by different authors ranged from 63% to 100% with a dose of .5-1.5 mg/hour. Local use of PGE2 for the improvement of uterine cervix conditions was found more suitable than the use of PGF2 alpha. It was first used for induction of labor without side effects in 1973 by instilling transcervical extraamniotic PGE2 in patients with low pelvic scores. Also, a single dose of .2-4 mg of PGE2 extraamnially mixed in a gel such as Hydromellose was used. PGE2 gel was more effective than iv infusion of oxytocin for induction of labor in the unripe uterine cervix. In the case of a well-ripened cervix, both PGE2 gel and oxytocin gave identical results. A 1981 report showed that in the well-ripened cervix local administration of freshly prepared gel with PGE2 resulted in labor in 97% of cases with a time of induction of 6.5 hours. After cervical ripening produced by intracervical PGE2 gel within 6-7 hours, the administration of oxytocin was very effective. Termination of pregnancy in the 1st trimester was also successfully performed after intracervical instillation of PGE2. 10-12 hours later, after sufficient ripening of the cervix, easy dilatation of the cervical canal and curettage ensued. In vaginal use of PGE2 the dose has to be 5-10 times higher than the intracervical dose. Intracervical PGE2 proved to be the most effective for the unripe cervix. The tablet form of PGE2 endocervically is safer than the gel because of its sterility. In the clinical setting PGE2 reduced isthmic-cervical insufficiency that issued from the trauma of cervix from earlier birth or abortion; reduced the number of cesarean sections from 30% to 5% and from 25% to 10%, in respective reports; and it was least traumatic and best tolerated for termination of 1st and 2nd trimester pregnancies as well as for induction of labor.
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PMID:[The use of prostaglandin E2 to induce labor and abortion in the second trimester]. 179 35

The authors made a retrospective investigation of 584 induced childbirth during the period between Jan. 1, 1982 and June 30 1987. In group I, i.e. induction by drop infusion of oxytocin without primary disruption of the sac they were successful in 59.2%. In group II, i.e. induction by oxytocin infusion 24 hours after escape of amniotic fluid without uterine activity or after previous disruption of the amniotic sac they were successful in 83.3%. Oxytocin was administered in doses of 3.5 million units/min. and increased after 15-minute intervals till regular uterine contractions were recorded. When the portion of the uterine cervix is mature, in group II success in 85% can be foreseen.
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PMID:[Personal experience with labor induction using oxytocin from 1982 to 1987]. 213 8

The authors elaborated an oxytocin loading test with a continual increase of oxytocin, which was used not with regard to the antepartal threat to the foetus but at the same time also for assessing whether induction of labour is advisable. This criterion was not mentioned in the literature so far. For evaluation of the sensitivity of the uterus the mutual association of the index of the uterine cervix, the number of days before childbirth and the necessary dose of oxytocin was used. If the required three contractions developed within the time interval of 10 mins. after the smallest oxytocin dose, the sensitivity of the uterine muscle was evaluated as good, after the double dose as medium, after the largest dose of oxytocin as weak sensitivity. The results of the thus arranged oxytocin loading test are above the borderline of the screening test and pass into the zone of a diagnostic method. To verify this important fact it is necessary to test according to epidemiological criteria the results attained in this so-called "preliminary" group in a more extensive "test" group.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the suitability of labor induction using the oxytocin stress test]. 220 11

Forty-five women with an unfavourable cervix (cervical score less than 3) and an obstetric indication for delivery were given intracervical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel 0.5 mg/3 g to prime the uterine cervix. Twenty-one women (47%) went into labour after PGE2 gel application only. In 13 women (29%) the cervical score sufficiently improved within 12 hours and labour was successfully induced with intravenous oxytocin. The rate of adverse effects was notably: there were two uterine ruptures, the rate of cesarean sections was 33%, hypertonic uterine contractility 25%, premature rupture of membranes 16%, and neonatal asphyxia 21%. In our experience, cervical ripening with PGE2 gel, although efficient, may also bring about complications, which appear partly iatrogenic. Therefore, a critical evaluation of indications and the risk/benefit ratio is required.
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PMID:Intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel for cervical ripening. 347 83

To clarify the origin of dystocia in bilaterally pelvic neurectomized (BPN) rats, the uterine activity during the periparturient period, and reflex straining movements in response to vaginal stimulation and cervical extensibility were monitored. The BPN rat displayed "stretching" movements and the regular continuous uterine activity with a similar onset and intensity to that in control rats (intact, sham-operated or unilateral pelvic neurectomized rats) on days 22 or 23 of gestation, but lacked the "straining" movements which precede each delivery of pups in controls so that parturition was prolonged. Dissection of rats revealed that an unborn fetus was retained in the expanded upper portion of the vaginal cavity. Vaginal distension induced contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm and an inhibition of respiratory movements, resulting in an increase in intraabdominal pressure in urethane-anesthetized control rats. This reflex muscular contraction which reflects the straining movements in normal delivery may be called the fetus-expulsion reflex and does not occur in BPN rats. It differs from the fetus-ejection reflex (Ferguson reflex) which initiates oxytocin release. There was no difference in weight and distensibility of the uterine cervix between sham-operated and operated rats on day 22 of pregnancy. The results suggest that the main abnormality of delivery in BPN rats, a prolongation of the process of delivery, may be due to a lack of the fetus-expulsion reflex which plays a physiologic role in removing a fetus from the upper vaginal cavity against the resistance of the pelvic outlet.
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PMID:Pelvic neurectomy abolishes the fetus-expulsion reflex and induces dystocia in the rat. 356 66

Physiological properties of the pig uterus smooth muscle of different regions revealed similarities as well as differences depending on the phase of reproduction cycle. Smooth muscle of the pregnant pig horn contains a large number of beta-adrenoreceptors important for inhibition of the uterine contractions. At the late pregnancy their number decreases while the smooth muscle of the uterine cervix loses its sensitivity to acetylcholine, histamine and oxytocin which is important for induction of parturition.
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PMID:[Contractile properties of smooth muscle cells of the horns, cervix and broad ligament of the pig uterus]. 373 58

Theoretical basis of measurement of estriol during pregnancy. It was clarified that the feto (adrenal and liver)-placental unit plays an important role in the biosynthesis of estriol during pregnancy. The theoretical basis of the usefulness of estriol estimation in maternal urine as the indicator of fetal viability is therefore established, and a simplified estriol assay (LAIR-3 minutes method) was developed. As to the steroid values in the amniotic fluid during pregnancy, high level of progesterone (P4) in the first trimester and prominent rises of DHA-S and estriol values near term were shown. Furthermore, transference of amniotic DHA-S to the mother through the amniotic membrane was demonstrated by the in vivo study using deuterium labeled DHA-S given in the amniotic fluid. In vivo study using deuterated pregnenolone sulfate (P5-S) given in the maternal circulation demonstrated that maternal P5-S was partially used as the precursor of placental P4. Therefore, it is suggested that the precursor of placental P4 is mainly derived from the feto-placental side rather than the maternal one. Changes of steroidal environment near term. Steroid hormone assay by gas chromatography mass-spectrometry using deuterium labeled compound as internal standard was developed, and (fetal adrenal) steroid values in maternal blood were measured. DHA-S, 16 alpha-OH- DHA-S and estriol values increase in the prepain and labor period and P4 and 20 alpha-OH-P4 values decrease during labor. In vivo study using deuterium labeled DHA-S given to the fetal side in the perinatal period demonstrated that DHA-S originated from fetal adrenal transferred to the mother through placenta without being subjected to the aromatisation. The elevation of uterine sensitivity to oxytocin in the perinatal period is closely related to both the increases of DHA-S and estriol levels, and the decrease of P4 values in the maternal blood. As to the hormonal factors of hypothalamo-posterior pituitary system, the levels of estrogen stimulated neurophysin (ESN) and oxytocin in the maternal blood elevated parallel with the increase of estrogen level in the prepain period. The administration of DHA-S (100mg, twice a week) in the perinatal period accelerate the maturation of uterine cervix with concomitant augmentation of DHA-S concentration and increased proline hydroxylase activity in the cervical tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical significance of the feto-placental unit during pregnancy and parturition]. 374 36


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