Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present work was aimed at studying the combined effects of somatostatin and corticotropin releasing hormone on the activities of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis and neurohypophysis. Patients with active acromegaly were intravenously injected with a 100 micrograms human corticotropin releasing hormone bolus before and after a 3-month subcutaneous treatment with somatostatin-octreotide (SMS 201 995; Sandostatin; 200 micrograms t. i. d.). When the Sandostatin effect was investigated, corticotropin releasing hormone test was started 2 hrs after its first daily dose. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken before and 20, 60, 90 and 120 min after the corticotropin releasing hormone load. Plasma corticotropin, arginine-8-vasopressin and oxytocin were measured by radioimmunoassay, and serum cortisol by fluorimetry. In healthy subjects, corticotropin releasing hormone stimulus elicited increases of plasma corticotropin, serum cortisol, plasma arginine-8-vasopressin and oxytocin levels by 186, 41, 178 and 58 per cent, respectively. Untreated acromegalics exhibited missing arginine-8-vasopressin, blunted corticotropin, and normal oxytocin and cortisol responses. Sandostatin therapy improved the arginine-8-vasopressin reaction, suppressed the basal levels of corticotropin and cortisol with the maintenance of cortisol stimulability; the peak-reaction of corticotropin became normal in two patients, however, with a shortened duration of response. Diuresis of the patients increased under the treatment. Sandostatin markedly alleviated the clinical symptoms and suppressed the growth hormone secretion, but did not influence the size of the pituitary adenomas. Among other factors, the alterations of growth hormone and cortisol may be hypothesized to take part in the changes of the corticotroph and neurohypophysial functions.
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PMID:[Effect of somatostatin-octreotide on secretion of adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and neuro-hypophyseal hormones in acromegaly]. 991 27

The anterior and posterior hypophyseal hormones alter glucose metabolism in health and disease. Secondary diabetes may occur due to hypersecretion of anterior pituitary hormones like adrenocorticotrophic hormone in Cushing's disease and growth hormone in acromegaly. Other hormones like prolactin, gonadotropins, oxytocin and vasopressin, though not overtly associated with causation of diabetes, have important physiological role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Hypoglycaemia is not an unusual occurrence in hypopituitarism. Many of the medications that are used for treatment of hypophyseal diseases alter glucose metabolism. Agents like pasireotide should be used with caution in the setting of diabetes, whereas pegvisomant should be given preference. Diabetes mellitus itself, on the other hand, can alter the functioning of hypothalamic pituitary axis; this is documented in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on the clinically relevant interplay of hypophyseal hormones and glucose homeostasis. The authors define 'hypophyseo-vigilance' as an approach which keeps the bidirectional, multifaceted interactions between the pituitary and glucose metabolism in mind while managing diabetes and pituitary disease.
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PMID:The Interplay Between Pituitary Health and Diabetes Mellitus - The Need for 'Hypophyseo-Vigilance'. 3259 66