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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) venous injection was used for the first time for induction of labor in 1968. The success rate by different authors ranged from 63% to 100% with a dose of .5-1.5 mg/hour. Local use of PGE2 for the improvement of uterine cervix conditions was found more suitable than the use of PGF2 alpha. It was first used for induction of labor without side effects in 1973 by instilling transcervical extraamniotic PGE2 in patients with low pelvic scores. Also, a single dose of .2-4 mg of PGE2 extraamnially mixed in a gel such as Hydromellose was used. PGE2 gel was more effective than iv infusion of oxytocin for induction of labor in the unripe uterine cervix. In the case of a well-ripened cervix, both PGE2 gel and oxytocin gave identical results. A 1981 report showed that in the well-ripened cervix local administration of freshly prepared gel with PGE2 resulted in labor in 97% of cases with a time of induction of 6.5 hours. After cervical ripening produced by intracervical PGE2 gel within 6-7 hours, the administration of oxytocin was very effective. Termination of pregnancy in the 1st trimester was also successfully performed after intracervical instillation of PGE2. 10-12 hours later, after sufficient ripening of the cervix, easy dilatation of the cervical canal and curettage ensued. In vaginal use of PGE2 the dose has to be 5-10 times higher than the intracervical dose. Intracervical PGE2 proved to be the most effective for the unripe cervix. The tablet form of PGE2 endocervically is safer than the gel because of its sterility. In the clinical setting PGE2 reduced isthmic-cervical insufficiency that issued from the trauma of cervix from earlier birth or abortion; reduced the number of cesarean sections from 30% to 5% and from 25% to 10%, in respective reports; and it was least traumatic and best tolerated for termination of 1st and 2nd trimester pregnancies as well as for induction of labor.
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PMID:[The use of prostaglandin E2 to induce labor and abortion in the second trimester]. 179 35

Oxytocin, a posterior pituitary hormone, is commonly used for induction of labor, stimulation or reinforcement of labor, management of incomplete or inevitable abortion and control of post partum bleeding. We describe a case of acute pulmonary edema possibly developing secondary to the administration of iv oxytocin. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for pulmonary edema secondary to iv oxytocin. Close hemodynamic monitoring should be done during oxytocin therapy.
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PMID:Pulmonary edema possibly developing secondary to the intravenous administration of oxytocin. 180 38

The safety and efficacy of mid-trimester abortion induced by extra-amniotic infusion of PGF2 alpha were evaluated in a retrospective review of 178 such procedures. All pregnancy terminations were performed in 1982-87 at Australia's King George V Memorial Hospital. The mean gestational age was 17.0 weeks, with a range of 13-25 weeks. The mean age of abortion patients was 26.4 years, with a range of 12-48 years. The most common indication for 2nd-trimester abortion was psychosocial reasons (102 cases). There were 4 failures in this series and 10 cases with serious complications (hemorrhage, infection, and cervical laceration). The mean induction-abortion interval was 29.6 minutes +or- 16.3, but there was a trend toward a shorter such interval in multiparas and women undergoing the procedure due to a death in utero. 96 patients required intravenous oxytocin infusion, and 95 needed curettage for clinically incomplete abortion. The majority (160 women) required parenteral pathidine for pain relief during the induction-abortion interval. Overall, the data suggest that, while the extra-amniotic infusion of PGF2 alpha is a safe and effective method of midtrimester abortion, it is also painful and lengthy. Both an increased dose of PGF2 alpha (1000 mcg was used in this study) and pretreatment with mifepristone or laminaria could reduce the induction-abortion interval and thereby the amount of patient discomfort. On the other hand, dilatation and evacuation may be the method of choice in the 13-16 weeks gestational age range, and comparative studies should be planned to assess this impression.
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PMID:Second trimester abortion by extra-amniotic PGF2 alpha infusion: experience of 178 cases. 187 74

In 20 midtrimester abortion seekers induced by extraamniotic instillation of normal saline, serial estimation of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in the plasma and extraovular space were carried out. It was observed that PGF2alpha was undetectable in both plasma and extraovular space prior to the onset of induction and 1st detected in the extraovular fluid 2 hours after the onset of induction, prior to oxytocin infusion. In subsequent samples, the PG concentrations in plasma as well as in extraovular fluid increased, with levels in the latter demonstrating a more significant rise with time as compared to the former. This study thus confirms the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of extraovular normal saline instillation in midtrimester pregnancy termination is the result of separation of fetal membranes from the uterine wall, leading to an increase of PGs which, in turn, causes uterine contractions leading to abortion.
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PMID:Prostaglandin-F2 alpha levels in normal saline-induced mid-trimester abortions. 189 5

Termination of pregnancy was performed in a standardized, on the cervical state depending manner in 48 patients with abortion between the 16th and 27th week of gestation and in 20 women with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) between the 28th and 41st week of gestation. At a Bishop-Score (B.S.) less than 7 cervical ripening was induced by intracervical application of 0.1 mg sulprostone gel. In patients with a very unripe cervix (B.S. less than or equal to 3) local applications of prostaglandin gel were repeated at 6 hours intervals until a B.S. greater than or equal to 5 had been achieved. For induction of labour 0.5 mg sulproston was injected intramuscularly after at least one sulproston gel application in a range between B.S. greater than or equal to 5 to 7. At a B.S. 7 intravenous infusion of oxytocin was administered, if necessary, for augmentation of labour. Most of the patients received epidural anaesthesia before induction of labour. The time interval between the beginning of the procedure and expulsion of the fetus ranged from 6.5 to 49.5 hours (mean = 26.3 h) in the abortion group and from 2.0 to 46.0 hours (mean = 20.0 h) in the IUFD group. The median interval between induction of labour and abortion/delivery was 4.3 hours (range: 0.5-27.0), and 5.5 hours (range: 0.7-9.3 h) respectively. No surgical interventions were necessary in any of the patients, and no cervical lesions occurred. Undesired systemic side effects to prostaglandins were observed in only 4 out of the 68 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pregnancy termination in the 2d and 3d trimester with prostaglandins depending on the cervix status]. 192 41

Torsion of gravid uterus is a rare obstetric condition in which diagnosis is usually made only on laparotomy. A case of asymptomatic axial torsion of uterus during mid-trimester, because of an ovarian cyst is reported. This presented as a failure of induction of abortion by extra-amniotic isotonic saline instillation and oxytocin infusion.
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PMID:Asymptomatic axial torsion of the pregnant uterus: a cause of the failure of induction of mid-trimester abortion. 195 34

A concentrated oxytocin infusion and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) vaginal suppositories were compared in a retrospective analysis for indicated abortion in the mid-second trimester (17-24 weeks' gestation). Eighty-one women underwent second-trimester pregnancy termination, 59 by PGE2 suppositories and 22 by concentrated oxytocin infusion. Success was achieved by PGE2 in 93% (55 of 59) and oxytocin in 91% (20 of 22). The mean duration of labor was 13.1 hours with PGE2 and 8.2 hours with oxytocin. The mean dose of PGE2 was 65.2 mg; of oxytocin, 200 units. Women who received PGE2 experienced nausea (46%), vomiting (37%), fever (64%), and diarrhea (20%) despite appropriate premedication. Few side effects occurred in the women who were treated with oxytocin. We conclude that concentrated oxytocin infusion seems to be a reasonable alternative to PGE2 vaginal suppositories for induction of labor in the mid-second trimester.
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PMID:Mid-second-trimester labor induction: concentrated oxytocin compared with prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories. 198 97

A 23-year-old woman with Marfan's syndrome was scheduled for Cesarean section at 31 week gestation because of progressive aortic dissection. Since she had undergone two surgical corrections for scoliosis (Harrington rod instrumentation) 5 and 12 years ago, we selected general anesthesia. She had been taking diltiazem and propranolol for hypertension and tachycardia. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 75 mg iv followed by O2-N2O-enflurane (4%) by face mask. Following iv administration of vecuronium 4 mg and tracheal injection of 4% lidocaine 120 mg, the trachea was intubated without a significant hemodynamic change. Anesthesia was maintained with O2-N2O-enflurane (0.5-1.5%) before delivery. Following delivery, enflurane was discontinued and small doses of fentanyl iv (total 0.2 mg) were given with iv infusion of nitroglycerin (0.2-0.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) during surgery. Bleeding after delivery was controllable by iv infusion of oxytocin. The Apgar score was good (9 at 1 min and 10 at 5 min respectively). Post-operative course was uneventful. Therapeutic abortion or Cesarean section should be performed as soon as possible in a patient with dissecting aortic aneurysm because of increasing risk of aneurysm rupture during pregnancy. During the surgery, minimal hemodynamic changes are required to prevent the rupture.
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PMID:[General anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with Marfan's syndrome associated with dissecting aortic aneurysm]. 205 91

Gemeprost vaginal suppositories (16,16-dimethyl-PGE1 methyl ester) were compared with intraamniotic Pgf2alpha in 20% saline after Dilapan tents for termination of 14-16 week pregnancies in 58 women. After randomization there were 44% multigravidae in the Gemeprost group and 58% in the Pgf2alpha-saline-Dilapan group; the Gemeprost group averaged 23.4 years, the Pgf2alpha group 26.2%. Gemeprost 1 mg vaginal pessaries were inserted at 3 hr intervals for a maximum of 5 doses. Pgf2alpha 20 mg in 40 ml 20% NaCl was injected intraamniotically under ultrasonic control immediately after Dilapan was inserted in the cervix. If abortion had not occurred within 24 hours, management by iv oxytocin, iv Pgf2alpha, intraamniotic Pgf2alpha or saline or both was at the physician's discretion, as was post-abortion treatment with oxytocin, ergometric or surgical evacuation of the placenta if not delivered within 2 hours. Successful abortion, defined as induction abortion intervals of 24 hours, occurred in 58% of the Gemeprost group and 90% of the PG-saline group, for mean induction-abortion intervals of 12.6 and 11.7 hours. 6 more Gemeprost patients aborted within 27.8 hours without additional treatment, while the last 2 patients to deliver took 42 and 50 hours, compared to a 32-hour maximum interval for PG-saline patients. Much of the difference in intervals was accounted for by primigravidas, who took 15.84 hours on average with Gemeprost, compared to 13.7 hours with PG-saline. Gastrointestinal side effects were more common in the Gemeprost group: diarrhea in 58% and vomiting in 62%, compared to 7% with diarrhea and 34% with vomiting in the PG-saline group. Retained placenta, hemorrhage 300 ml and pain requiring narcotics were similar in both series. The outcomes in terms of induction-abortion intervals were not significantly different. Gemeprost was considered the agent of choice, since it is not invasive, and avoids the risk of sudden collapse or death, intrauterine infection, saline intoxication or clotting disorders, which occur on rare occasions in Pgf2alpha- or saline-induced midtrimester abortions.
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PMID:Second-trimester termination with 16,16 dimethyl-PGE1-methyl ester (gemeprost), compared with a regimen that included intra-amniotic PGF2 alpha and hypertonic saline. 207 46

We report our experience of 0.1% intraamniotic Rivanol in the interruption of 100 midtrimester pregnancies (15-24 gestation weeks). The mean injection to abortion interval was 37.2h and there were no complications. Intraamniotic Rivanol injection combined with oxytocin infusion seemed an effective and safe method for terminating second trimester pregnancies.
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PMID:Induction of second trimester abortion by intraamniotic instillation of Rivanol (ethacridine) combined with oxytocin infusion. 210 39


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