Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To elucidate the role of prostaglandins in initiating uterine contractions we studied the concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 (PGE2-M) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha (PGF2alpha-M) in peripheral plasma of pregnant patients. The concentrations of PGE2-M and PGF2alpha-M in pregnant patients at term not in labor were not significantly different from those at midpregnancy. Induction of labor at term pregnancy caused a significant rise of both PGE2-M and PGF2alpha-M. During spontaneous labor there were no significant minute-to-minute fluctuations of plasma PGE2-M and PGF2alpha-M and their concentrations were not different from those at oxytocin-induced labor. Initiation of uterine contractions and abortion at midpregnancy by the intra-amniotic infusion of hypertonic saline was not associated with any change in PGE2-M concentration and a rise in PGF2alpha-M was noted in only one of five patients. The vaginal administration of PGE2 and the intra-amniotic infusion of PGF2alpha were associated in each case with a significant rise of both prostaglandin metabolites. It is concluded that the rise of prostaglandin metabolites in peripheral plasma is secondary to the initiation of uterine contractions at term pregnancy. Such a rise is not usually observed after the initiation of uterine contractions by hypertonic saline at midpregnancy.
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PMID:Plasma prostaglandin metabolites in human labor. 67 89

The concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F(PGFM), the stable metabolite of prostaglandin F, were measured in the plasma of catheterized mares and foetuses and non-catheterized thoroughbred mares and ponies during the last months of gestation. The plasma concentration of PGFM increased gradually towards term in all groups of animals. During the operation for insertion of catheters, maternal and foetal concentrations of PGFM were high, but the values fell to basal levels 24--48 h after the operation. It was found the preoperative starvation (24 h) led to a rise in the concentration of PGFM in the maternal plasma. The raised concentrations of PGFM during the operation were associated with low progestogen and high oestrogen concentrations in umbilical venous plasma. The subsequent survival period of the catheterized foal was inversely related to the maximum concentration of PGFM were studied during normal parturition in thoroughbred mares, during oxytocin-induced delivery in non-catheterized ponies and during premature delivery or abortion in the catheterized animals. The greatest increase in the concentration of PGFM was seen in the thoroughbred animals during second-stage labour; oxytocin also resulted in a very rapid rise in the level of PGFM, which remained high until delivery. In the catheterized animals, the birth of live foetuses was associated with a rise in the concentration of PGFM in both foetal and maternal plasma during the last 2 h before delivery. Less consistent changes were found during abortion.
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PMID:Foetal and maternal plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F in the mare during late pregnancy and at parturition. 70 15

Only 2 kind of prostaglandins are at present available in Italy, prostaglandin E2, and Prostin F2 alpha. They were till now used mainly to regulate contraception and menstrual flow. After the promulgation of a law permitting abortion, prostaglandins are being considered as abortifacient agents, especially for termination of second trimester pregnancy; prostaglandins are then administered by amniocentesis. Prostaglandins have proven very useful also in inducing labor at the end of pregnancy, either by themselves, or in conjunction with oxytocin.
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PMID:[Use of prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynecology]. 72 54

To induce midtrimester abortion, 40 mg prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) was instilled intraamniotically in 100 patients. Immediately thereafter from 1 to 6 laminaria tents were inserted into the cervix; 6 hours postinjection an iv infusion of oxytocin was begun at a rate of 100 ml/hour. All patients aborted successfully, 86% within 24 hours. 6 who did not abort by 24 hours were reinjected with 20 mg PGF2a. The mean injection-abortion interval was 15.7 hours. The placenta was removed surgically in 26% of the cases. Nausea and vomiting were frequent but were controlled by antiemetics, 11 patients developed fevers between 37.8-38.3 C, which were controlled by parenteral antibiotics. Heavy blood loss occurred in 2 patients. It is concluded that the combined regimen used in this series reduced the injection-abortion interval and frequent need for reinjection that occurs when PGF2a is used alone. The results compare favorably with those of saline-induced abortions and attendant morbidity.
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PMID:Midtrimester abortion utilizing intraamniotic prostaglandin F2alpha, laminaria and oxytocin. 73 76

A review is made of the clinical use of prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynecology. Second trimester abortions can be induced by the transcervical extraamniotic, transabdominal intraamniotic, or intravenous injection of PGF2 alpha or PGE2. The use of these agents is currently the method of choice for this procedure. Studies have been made of methods of application which will lead to improved effectiveness and of the use of prostaglandins in combination with oxytocin. The use of prostaglandin analogues, which are metabolized more slowly than the natural prostaglandins, provides the advantages of decreased side effects and a decreased need of additional doses. The side effects associated with prostaglandin use include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heat waves, shivering, headache, dizziness, elevated temperatures, and leucocytosis. The mortality rate reported in a 4-year survey is 10.5/100,000 which compared favorably with the 17.7/100,000 for saline abortions. Prostaglandin gels can be used to soften and dilate the cervix in preparation for an abortion or induction of labor with no undesired side effects and without the use of laminarias. Labor can be induced by the administration of the prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 either intravenously or, in the case of the latter, orally. Treatment with PGE2 can also continue parturition in cases of secondary insufficiency of labor. Research is currently being conducted in the use of these substances for fertility control.
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PMID:Application of prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynecology. 74 14

A prostaglandin analog, 16-phenoxy-delta-17,18,19,20-tetranor-prostaglandin-E2-methylsulfonamide, was tested in 5 groups of patients which received 1, 2, or 3 mg of the analog intraamniotically. 29/46 (Groups 1-3) patients receiving only the analog expelled the fetus within 30 hours. In Group 4, 2 mg of the analog was combined with oxytocin. 22/28 expelled the fetus within 30 hours. In Group 5, 15 nulliparous and 1 multiparous woman received 3 mg of the analog together with calcium gluconate, injected intraamniotically. Although the mean induction-abortion time was not significantly influenced, the success rate was higher: 87% aborted within 30 hours and 100% within 36 hours. Clinically, the contractions in this group (5) started earlier and were stronger than in other groups. In all groups, side effects were minimal. Multiparous women responded better to therapy than nulliparous patients. Since the amount of drug influenced both the success rate and the induction-abortion interval considerably and the side effects were few, a new study using 4-mg doses is in progress.
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PMID:Termination of second trimester pregnancy with intraamniotic administration of 16-phenoxy-omega-tetranor-PgE2-methylsulfonamide (SHB 286) alone and combined with oxytocin and calcium gluconate. 75 Jan 89

Prostaglandins appear to mediate the uterine contractions of abortion and labor, and aspirin has been shown to be an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, and randomized study, aspirin was administered orally in doses of 600 mg. every 6 hours to patients undergoing induced midtrimester abortions with hyperosmolar urea and oxytocin augmentation. The mean injection-abortion interval was significantly prolonged by aspirin in nulliparous patients (aspirin 32.3 +/- 3.3 hr. vs. placebo 21.5 +/- 3.5 hr.) and no aspirin-treated nullipara aborted in less than 18 hours. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in the mean injection-abortion interval in the multiparous patients at the dose of aspirin used. The effectiveness of aspirin in the prolongation of the injection-abortion interval has potential therapeutic implications for the treatment of premature labor.
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PMID:The influence of aspirin on the course of induced midtrimester abortion. 76 55

A study comparing intra-amniotic urea plus intravenous oxytocin and intra-amniotic urea with 10 mg. prostaglandin F2 alpha was completed. In addition, the results obtained with a further 150 patients receiving urea and prostaglandin are reported. Mean injection-abortion intervals ranged from 15.75 hours for urea-prostaglandin to 18.93 hours for urea-oxytocin. The advantages of urea-prostaglandin and suggested improvements are discussed. Over all, the method appears efficacious though incomplete abortions and cervical laceration are persistent problems.
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PMID:Intra-amniotic urea and prostaglandin F2 alpha for midtrimester abortion: a modified regimen. 78 24

Midtrimester abortions were induced in 295 patients with a combination of intra-amniotic urea and intravenous oxytocin. The mean injection-abortion interval was 26.4 hours. Abortion occurred spontaneously within 50 hours of amnioinfusion in 257 patients. The macerating effect of the hypertonic urea on fetal tissues allowed easy termination of the remaining 38 pregnancies by suction curettage at 50 hours after injection. Decreased urinary output occurred during the oxytocin infusions, but water intoxication was prevented by close monitoring of urinary output and serum electrolytes, and by the use of a concentrated solution of oxytocin in normal saline, allowing the administration of small volumes.
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PMID:Induction of midtrimester abortion with intra-amniotic urea and intravenous oxytocin. 83 17

In a group of 16 women admitted for missed abortion, missed labor or antepartum fetal death, we induced abortion or labor by means of extraamniotic infusion of isotonic saline solution, using a Foley catheter inserted through the cervix. Eight patients also required parallel intravenous administration of 5-10 U of oxytocin drip. The average time from the onset of treatment until expulsion of the macerated fetus was 9.09 hours. No complications were recorded. This method is suggested in all such cases, especially when the classical methods are contraindicated.
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PMID:Induction of abortion and labor by extraamniotic isotonic saline, with or without addition of oxytocin, in cases of missed abortion, missed labor and antepartum fetal death. 84 75


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