Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In established intrauterine fetal death, 20 patients were treated with prostaglandin E2 gel administered extraamniotically. The results were compared with those of another group of 20 patients who had received combined treatment. In this group, one or more of the following agents had been administered :- i.v. oxytocin, 20% NaCl solution or Premarin instilled intraamniotically, introduction of a balloon catheter or Rivanol administered extraamniotically. Average induction-abortion interval for the PG group was about 12 hours while for the second group it was about 30 hours. The side effects observed were slight in both groups. The results show that administration of PG-gel can be used with advantage in fetal demise because of the relatively short induction-abortion intervals obtained, the insignificant side effects and the low dose of PG required.
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PMID:Induction of labour with prostaglandin E2 gel in cases of intrauterine fetal death. 35 16

200 women pregnant for 16-20 weeks were aborted either 1) by 40 mg prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) with an additional 20 mg at 24 hours if necessary, or 2) by saline plus oxytocin; 1/2 of the patients in each group were given a paracervical block (PCB) of lidocaine with epinephrine. Side effects were lower (p .1) in the PGF2a patients receiving the PCB than in those who did not. Also, abortion under PGF2a plus PCB was complete (without retained placenta) more often than under PGF2a alone. Regardless of PCB use, the instillation-to-labor interval was lower in the PGF2a group than in the saline group, (p .1). PCB was not found to improve the efficacy of the saline abortions in any respect. It is suggested that the PCB may act by enhancing cervical compliance.
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PMID:The effects of longacting paracervical block anesthesia on the abortifacient efficacy of intra-amniotic PGF2alpha and hypertonic saline. 35 27

A retrospective study was performed of all patients undergoing midtrimester abortion at the Baystate Medical Center from 1975-1977 (1839 patients). A comparison was made of the 3 methods employed: intraamniotic hypertonic saline, intraamniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha, and a combination of intraamniotic hypertonic saline and prostaglandin F2 alpha. It was found that use of the combination method resulted in significantly fewer failures and a significantly lower injection-abortion interval (from 33.9-14.6 hours) which resulted in a shorter hospital stay. In addition, the combination method resulted in fewer reinjections (as did use of hypertonic saline alone) than use of prostaglandin alone and less frequent use of oxytocin for delivery. The rate of live abortion was .2% for saline, 9% for prostaglandin alone, and .9% for the combination method. The side effects of hemorrhage and fever occurred in 2.8% and .2% of the patients who underwent the combination procedure, respectively.
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PMID:Experience with midtrimester abortion. 44 Jun 70

A laminaria tent was used as an adjunct during midtrimester abortion to attempt to shorten the injection-abortion interval without adversely affecting the frequency of infection, hemorrhage, failed abortion, or cervical laceration. Eighty patients, between 14 and 20 weeks' gestation and desiring pregnancy termination, were randomized into three groups. Abortion was initiated by an intra-amniotic infusion of 20 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha and 80 gm of hyperosmolar urea in Ringer's lactate (135 ml total volume), followed by oxytocin infused intravenously at 333 mU/min. Group I (N = 28) received no additional therapy; Group II (N = 23) had laminaria placed at the time of the abortifacient injection and removed 4 hours later; Group III (N = 29) had laminaria placed 4 hours prior to inejction and removed at the time of injection. The injection-abortion intervals in these three groups were 17.76, 20.80, and 12.96 hours, respectively. This study illustrates that a laminaria tent palced 4 hours prior to injection is significantly more effective than a laminaria tent placed at the time of injection, and produces a shorter mean injection-abortion interval than that in patients receiving no laminaria. Furthermore, laminaria augmentation results in no demonstrable increase in the frequency of serious complications.
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PMID:Laminaria use in midtrimester abortions induced by intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha with urea and intravenous oxytocin. 45 59

An antiserum to 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alphaM) was prepared and a radioimmunoassay evaluated in various reproductive states. PGF2alphaM plasma concentration was 63.6 +/- 10.3 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM) in cycling women. The concentration fluctuated throughout the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, but no discernible patterns were noted. PGF2alphaM concentrations were elevated at the time of urea + oxytocin induced abortion (238 +/- 54 pg/ml) and during late stages of normal labor (352 +/- 107 pg/ml) but were not elevated during labor prior to 7 cm dilatation. Following intra-amniotic instillation of 5 mg of PGF2alpha tromethamine into the amniotic sac, PGF2alphaM concentration increased in the amniotic fluid. In the plasma of these patients there was an eighteenfold rise in plasma PGF2alphaM concentration compared to a 3.5-fold rise in PGF2alpha at 1 hour, suggesting changes in PGF2alphaM may be more easily detected than the parent compound. While PGF2alphaM may be a useful index of PGF2alpha production, it appears that PGF2alphaM is of little value in predicting the occurrence of uterine contraction.
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PMID:13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha concentrations in human plasma and amniotic fluid. 45 60

The procedure for managing 2nd trimester patients undergoing abortion in a physician's office by saline solution instillation with laminaria and megadose oxytocin has considerable advantages, with complication rates comparably favorable to those in a national study, and an instillation-abortion (I-A) time of 12.5 hours, about 1/2 of the time previously reported for saline abortion. The 638 patients, estimated by palpation to be of more than 14 but not more than 24 weeks gestation are a consecutive series of women aborted by instillation after laminaria dilation. After the abortion, procedure for which is described, data and follow-up reports were analyzed. The I-A time ranged from 3 to 46 hours, with a mean of 12.5 hours. Although no overall association was seen, the I-A times less than 16 hours were somewhat less common when 4 or more laminaria sticks were used. The complications are compared to those of the large saline series reported by the Center for Disease Control, and it is concluded that the use of laminaria and megadose oxytocin to reduce I-A times does not incur any greater risk of complications from the procedure. If confirmed by other studies, laminaria and oxytocin will be useful adjuncts for managing patients aborted by saline instillation.
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PMID:Saline-instillation abortion with laminaria and megadose oxytocin. 48 22

Medicaments are used to prepare for instrument abortions in the 1st trimester and as inducers of abortion in the 2nd trimester. The effects, side effects, and dangers depend on the substances used and the route of application, which can be vaginal, cervical, injection, instillation, extraamniotic, intraamniotic, intravenous, or intramuscular. In the past, intraamniotic instillation of a 20% salt solution was the most common 2nd trimester method in Japan, the US, and Eastern Europe, giving a success rate of 90%. Serious side effects prompted substitution of extraamniotic instillation, which rarely produces serious side effects. Instillation of a 60% urea solution into the amniotic fluid in combination with oxytocin or prostaglandin produces an abortion in 13-21 hours, with a failure rate of 3% and a frequency of cervical laceration of under 1%. Extraamniotic use of a .1% solution of rivanol yields a success rate of about 85%, with a relatively long average time to explusion of 24-41 hours. In case of failure the procedure can be repeated. The advantage of the Rivanol method is the rarity of infectious complications. Alcohol is not used as a human abortifacient because it produces necrosis in the decidua and placenta. Prostaglandins are used in most 2nd trimester abortions. Research is underway to identify derivatives that will have an extended uterine impact without serious side effects. Different routes of administration have different effectiveness rates and dangers. All prostaglandins cause side effects including pain during uterine contractions, gastro-intestinal reactions, nausea, vomiting, fever, and headaches. Specific preparations are associated with other effects, some of them life-threatening. Emergency treatment should be available when these substances are used. Adjuvant measures may be employed before adminstration of an abortifacient agent to soften the cervix, or after administration to hasten the procedure. The choice of procedure depends upon the personality, health, and other characteristics of the woman and the experience of the doctor and the clinic.
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PMID:[Chemical methods of abortion]. 48 68

We read with interest the letter by Mr A I Traub and Mr J W K Ritchie (25 August, p 496), in which they quite rightly point out the hazards of combining oxytocin with prostaglandin in the induction of a mid-trimester abortion; and we agree with their advice to delay the infusion of intravenous oxytocin. We think that it should be stressed, however, that the patient whom we reported (7 July, p 51) ruptured her uterus following the insertion of intra-amniotic prostaglandin and hypertonic saline. At no stage was oxytocin used.
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PMID:Rupture of the uterus during prostaglandin-induced abortion. 49 85

A personal method has been used to study spontaneous kinetic activity of the uterus in 50 women during puerperium following miscarriage between the VIIIth and XIIth weeks. Modifications induced were evaluated in several sessions (510 recordings) and at various periods of time, following administration of: 50 mg of 17B oestradiol, 200 mg natural progesterone, 500 mg of natural progesterone, 250 mg of 17 hydroxyprogesterone caproate and 500 mg of 17 hydroxyprogesterone caproate. In the case of some of the patients, hysterotonometry was evaluated following intravenous oxytocin loading. The results pointed to an activation of the uterine pacemaker after oestrogenic loading, and a clear-cut progestinic block of contractile activity.
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PMID:[Hormonal regulation of uterine contraction]. 51 78

The use of intraamniotic instillation of hypertonic saline with/without oxytocin in midtrimester abortion can sometimes lead to a fatal complication in the form of intravascular coagulopathy. Intraamniotic urea is used for the same purpose and has a similar mode of action. It decreases the circulating progesterone level and increases prostaglandin release. It can also cause fetal death. One of its major advantages is the lack of significant complications with inadvertent intravenous infusion of urea. 70 cases of midtrimester pregnancies were terminated by injection of 200 ml of urea (40%) intraamniotically between the period 8/77 to 8/78. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 35 years. No relationship was found between the induction-abortion interval and gestation period. Success rate was 88.7%; there were 8 failures. Average induction-abortion interval was 30.7 hours, with maximum abortions occurring between 24-48 hours. There were no major complications. Urea is also used intravenously in sickle cell crisis and neurosurgical procedures.
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PMID:Use of intra-amniotic urea as a second trimester abortifacient. 52 68


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