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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was conducted in Baroda, India, to evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of intraamniotic prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and 20% saline augmented with intravenous oxytocin for terminating 200 pregnancies of 14 to 20 weeks' gestation. While there was no method failure among the group treated with saline, ten method failures were reported for patients treated with the PGF2alpha. The rate of incomplete abortions was significantly lower for the group treated with saline (19.4%) than it was for the group treated with the PGF2alpha (33.7%). The administration of oxytocin after fetal expulsion did not reduce the rate of incomplete abortion. The mean instillation-to-abortion time was significantly lower with saline than with PGF2alpha. The incidence of gastrointestinal side effects and excessive bleeding (less than 200 ml) during the procedure was significantly higher for patients treated with PGF2alpha than for those treated with saline.
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PMID:Midtrimester abortion with prostaglandin and hypertonic saline--a comparative study. 3 89

The successful termination of 19 consecutive late 1st and 2nd trimester pregnancies using a combination of intravenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and oxytocin (Syntocinon) is reported. PGE2 (5 mg in 500 ml of 5% glucose) was initially infused at the rate of 2.5 mcg/minute and then increased to 5 mcg/minute after half an hour. The infusion was increased to a maximum of 10 mcg/minute. Oxytocin was infused 2 hours after the PGE2 at a constant rate of 128 mU/minute. Mean total dose of PGE2 used was 5.9 mg at an overall rate of 6.1 mcg/minute. Average induction/delivery interval was 16 hours, with only 1 patient taking more than 24 hours. Abortion was complete in 13 cases (68%). Vomiting occurred in 13 women; pain was minor and was controlled by pethidine. Mild and transient thrombophlebitis was also reported. There were no reported cases of diarrhea and or cervical damage. Compared to the use of intravenous PG alone, PG given intraamniotically alone or with intravenous oxytocin, and PG given extraamniotically alone or with intravenous oxytocin, this study shows that a combination of intravenous PGE2 and oxytocin at the dose level described is closer to meeting all the desired criteria for the acceptability of any abortion method (ease and safety of administration, side effects, lengths of induction delivery interval, and effectiveness in terms of success rate and uterine evacuation).
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PMID:Letter: Intravenous prostaglandins and oxytocin for mid-trimester abortion. 4 97

Intraamniotic urea and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2a) combinations for midtrimester abortion were compared in the following series: 8 multiparas given 80 gm urea in 135 ml 5% dextrose and 5 mg PGF2a, 8 multiparas given urea only, 150 nulliparas and multiparas given urea and 5 mg PGF2a, and 180 given urea and 10 mg PGF2a. In the 2 small series, there was 1 failure in the urea group. Mean abortion times were 28.8 hours after urea, 18.3 hours after urea and 5 mg PGF2a, and 16.3 and 17.5 hours in the 2 large series given urea and 10 and 5 mg PGF2a, respectively. Urea caused loss of fetal heart tones within 2 hours, had a half-life in amniotic fluid of 3 hours, caused a low frequency of late emesis, and resulted in short-lived burning or warm sensation in 1 case of accidental intravascular injection. Oxytocin infusions were used frequently for failure to abort within 24 hours, or lack of uterine contractions after membrane rupture or incomplete abortion. PGF2a accelerated uterine tone, frequency, and integrated uterine pressure over the values measured in subjects given urea only.
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PMID:Intra-amniotic urea and prostaglandin F2alpha for midtrimester abortion: clinical and laboratory evaluation. 7 92

During hypertonic saline induction, the evolution of intrauterine pressure, the oxytocin response and abortion were delayed in naproxen-treated patients. The PG synthesis inhibitors naproxen, mefenamic acid and ibuprofen decreased the high uterine resting pressure ('tone'), the frequency of contractions but not always the active pressure ('amplitude') in dysmenorrheic patients, with a coincident decrease in pain. The naproxen-sodium treatment decreased prostaglandins F and E in menstrual blood and uterine jet washings by 60--80 per cent.
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PMID:Suppression of uterine activity by prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. 11 65

Prostaglandins are highly potent derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids with multiple biological activities. They are synthesized and metabolized in almost all tissues studied so far. The E- und F-type prostaglandins may be regarded as local modulators of hormonal effects on cell function and--in some cases (kidney, uterus-corpus luteum)--as regional or tissue hormones. Thus they seem to be involved in the regulation of neurotransmission, kidney function, triglyceride metabolism in adipose tissue and progesterone biosynthesis. Apart from their influence on renal blood flow prostaglandins of the A-type possibly have an additional function as circulatory hormones regulating blood pressure. Second messenger-systems (cAMP, Ca++-cGMP) which mediate the effects of most non-steroidal hormones are also involved in the action of prostaglandins, at least of the E-and F-types. Disturbances in prostaglandin metabolism (increased or decreased biosynthesis) are discussed to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, pain, fever, hypertension, bronchial asthma and gastric or duodenal ulcer formation. Drugs with antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity have been shown to be potent inhibitors of prostaglandin formation. The correlation of a local prostaglandin deficit or the therapeutic use of single effects of prostaglandins by administration of exogenous compounds (natural prostaglandins or modified derivatives) has so long been less satisfactory because of their large number of biological actions which lead to undesired side effects. Extensive experience have been obtained in the successful induction of therapeutic abortion. This effect is based on the stimulatory action of E- and F-type prostaglandins on the smooth muscles of the pregnant uterus which is resistent to the influence of other stimuli, e. g. oxytocin. Here the incidence of side effects could be reduced by local administration of low doses of prostaglandins into the uterine cavity. A general improvement of the therapeutic usefulness of prostaglandins will however only be achieved, if modified derivatives with more specific actions on the desired "target" tissues are available.
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PMID:[Biology of prostaglandins with reference to therapeutic aspects]. 16

Rh-sensitization in cases of spontaneous and induced abortions is discussed. In an intact pregnancy, the average volume of fetomaternal transfusion is about .1-.2 ml. Rh antibodies occur in 2% of the cases of Rh-negative mother with Rh-positive child during the first pregnancy and 11-17% during the second pregnancy. The standard Anti-D dosage in such cases is 250-330 mcg, enough to counteract a fetomaternal transfusion of 30 ml. In the case of spontaneous abortions, the average volume of fetomaternal transfusion ranges from .l-1.0 ml. Fetal erythrocytes are found in 5-25% of pregnant women before the 12th week of pregnancy and 12-45% after the 12th week. The risk of Rh-sensitization ranges from 3-10% in cases of spontaneous abortion; the risk increases with the length of pregnancy. Other factors, e.g., parity, age, and the use of oxytocin during subsequent curettage, show no relationship to the volume of fetomaternal transfusion. In the case of induced abortion, the volume of fetomaternal transfusion is generally greater than .1 ml. Fetomaternal transfusions were more frequent in conjunction with salt water instillation than with vacuum aspiration in pregnancies before the 12th-16th week of pregnancy; the opposite was true for induced abortions performed after the 13th week of pregnancy. Fetomaternal transfusion is also possible in cases of ectopic pregnancy and hydatidiform mole. Anti-D prophylaxis should be used in all cases of spontaneous and induced abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and hydatidiform mole, except in cases before the 6th week of pregnancy. The standard dosage of 250-330 mg should be used, except before the 12th week of pregnancy; in this case, 50 mcg has been shown to be sufficient.
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PMID:[Anti-D prophylaxis after abortions and interruptions]. 21 9

Oxytocin was infused in 22 randomly selected pregnant women after extraamniotic hypertonic saline instillation. In another 24 pregnant women no oxytocin was infused at midtrimester abortion. There was no difference between the two groups in mean time from saline injection to expulsion of the fetus.
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PMID:The effect of oxytocin on hypertonic saline abortion. 26 33

Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) was administered extraamniotically for pregnancy termination in 15 cases of intrauterine fetal death between 18-39 weeks gestation and in 10 cases of fetal abnormality or hydatidiform mole between 16-28 weeks gestation. After thorough cleansing of the cervix a No. 16 Foley catheter was inserted and retained in the extraamniotic space by means of the balloon, inflated with 10 ml of saline. PGF2alpha tromethamine salt (Prostin F2alpha, Upjohn Netherland, was diluted to an aqueous solution of 0.25 mg PGF2alpha/ml and administered via the catheter at 1 hour intervals. Treatment was started with 0.5 mg (2 ml) and the initial dosage was increased by increments of 0.25 mg to a maximum of 1 mg/hour if uterine contractility did not ensue. Temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure were checked regularly. Antibiotherapy (ampicillin) was routinely given at the beginning of the study but later abandoned. Pethidine was used as an analgesic whenever required. Abortion or delivery was achieved in all 25 cases studied. In all but 1 of the patients with intrauterine fetal death, delivery occurred within 24 hours and the placenta was delivered spontaneously and complete in 11 of the 15 patients (73%). There was no relationship between the duration of fetal death and induction delivery interval. In cases with an abnormal but living fetus or hydatidiform mole, abortion was frequently incomplete and the mean induction abortion interval (24.4 hours) was 10 hours longer than that observed in cases of intrauterine fetal death (14.5 hours). 5 of the 10 patients required intravenous oxytocin from a cervical dilatation of 3-6 cm onwards and from 14-30 hours after the start of PGF2alpha administration. In these cases abortion always followed within 3 hours of starting the oxytocin infusion. Side effects were moderate in both groups of patients and pyrexia of 38 degrees Centigrade or more was never encountered. None of the patients showed any signs of intrauterine infection. Blood loss exceeded 500 ml in 4 of the 25 patients studied (16%), but only 1 patient, with a molar pregnancy, lost as much as 1000 ml. Discontinuous extraamniotic prostaglandin therapy constitutes a safe and effective approach for the active management of intrauterine fetal death.
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PMID:Extraamniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha for intrauterine death and fetal abnormality. 29 60

This study was conducted to determine whether combining prostaglandin (PG) and hypertonic saline augmented with oxytocin solution can be used in the management of second-trimester abortion to minimize the complications and side effects associated with the separate administration of each component. A total of 385 2nd-trimester pregnant patients (from the Montefiore Morrissania affiliated hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital of New York City) with gestational age 16 to 24 weeks were assigned randomly to 4 groups: Group 1 (PFG2a 20 mg + 100 ml 5% NaCl injected intraamniotically with no amniotic fluid removed); Group 2 (PGF2a 20 mg + 100 ml 10% NaCL (10g) injected intraamniotically and with no amniotic fluid removed; Group 3 (PGF2a 20 mg + 25 ml 20% NaCl injected intraamniotically and with no amniotic fluid removed; and Group 4 (PGF2a 20 mg + 100 ml 10% NaCL injected intraamniotically and with 100 ml amniotic fluid removed. The standard aseptic transabdominal amniocentesis with an 18-gauge needle and polyethylene catheter was used to administer the abortifacients. Success rate of the procedure was 98.97%. Instillation abortion interval ranged from 15.33 to 20.67 hours (Table 2). Of the 4 dosage schedules, Group 3 exhibited the most satisfactory results, with 15.33 hours as the average instillation abortion interval. Side effects were minimal. This study shows that the combination PG + NaCL augmented by oxytocin is one of the best available approaches to the management of 2nd-trimester abortions. The more amniotic fluid removed, the shorter the instillation abortion interval. Incomplete abortions were between 32 to 48.78%; the incidence was higher in cases where more amniotic fluids were removed.
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PMID:Use of prostaglandin, hypertonic saline and oxytocin for second-trimester abortion. 29 62

The case of a 37-year-old primigravida with severe obstructive lung disease and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is reported. Serial pulmonary function studies and arterial blood gases were obtained during the antenatal and postpartum periods. Intrauterine fetal growth was monitored with serial ultrasonic fetal biparietal diameter determinations. Serial oxytocin challenge tests were used to monitor uteroplacental function. Aggressive chest physiotherapy was used to maintain good maternal bronchopulmonary hygiene. A normal female infant was delivered vaginally at 38 weeks' gestation following an uneventful labor. The available obstetric literature regarding the outcome of pregnancy in patients with obstructive lung disease and cystic fibrosis is reviewed. This literature suggests that pregnancy in a patient with severe obstructive lung disease should be considered a medical indication for therapeutic abortion. Successful delivery of this patient with severe obstructive lung disease and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency suggests that these conditions are not a contraindication to successful outcome of preganncy for both mother and child.
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PMID:Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Severe obstructive lung disease and pregnancy. 29 81


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