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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cellular localization of uterine oxytocin binding sites in the rat was studied by means of in vitro receptor autoradiography. Using [tyrosyl-3,5-3H]oxytocin as ligand, binding sites were localized in tissue sections from uteri of estrous, mated, and artificially cervically stimulated rats (n = 4 per group), and specificity of binding was investigated by means of simultaneous incubations with oxytocin, [Gly4,Thr7]oxytocin and [Arg]vasopressin. A previously unidentified type of cell was densely labelled by tritiated oxytocin. The labelled cells were preferentially localized near the endomyometrial border and at the interface of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers. In addition, these cells were found in the muscle layers. The dense labelling of these cells, which did not constitute part of the endometrial epithelium or blood vessels, was abolished when oxytocin or [Arg]vasopressin, but not [Gly4,Thr7]oxytocin, was added to the incubation medium. Binding of the radioligand was also found on muscle cells of the circular and longitudinal layers of the myometrium and cells of the endometrial luminal and glandular epithelium. Whereas incubation with oxytocin and [Gly4,Thr7]oxytocin diminished the labelling in both myometrium and endometrium, incubation with [Arg]vasopressin reduced labelling only in the myometrium. Similar results were obtained in tissues from rats in different reproductive states. This study demonstrates the presence of oxytocin binding sites in three different types of cell in the uterus of the rat. While the sites in the myometrium may be associated with the contractile response of this type of tissue to oxytocin, the functional significance of oxytocin binding sites on the endometrial epithelium and in the densely labelled, scattered cells remains to be elucidated.
Anat Rec 1992 Aug
PMID:A novel, [tyrosyl-3,5-3H]oxytocin binding, uterine cell population in the rat. 132 Aug 9

Twenty-six pluriparous Suffolk ewes were used to monitor the effects of four hormone treatments on the rate of uterine involution, which was assessed by means of radio-opaque markers and radiography. The close correlation between measurements of the genital tract in live sheep and after slaughter indicated that this method of monitoring uterine involution was acceptably accurate. Uterine involution was complete by about 29 days after lambing. None of the hormone treatments with progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta, prostaglandin F2 alpha or an oxytocin analogue, administered shortly after lambing, had any effects on the rate of uterine involution. There was no correlation between the duration of increased plasma concentrations of 13.14 dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 (PGFM) and the rate of uterine involution.
Vet Rec 1991 Nov 23
PMID:A radiographic method for measuring the effect of exogenous hormone therapy on uterine involution in ewes. 176 67

Tannic acid methods have been applied to capture the exocytosis of peptide-containing granules from peptidergic neurons. The captured exocytoses have been quantitated to assess the proportion and amount of peptide released at different parts of the neuronal membrane. Examination of hypothalamic synaptic boutons shows that only about one-half of the peptidergic vesicles is exocytosed into the synaptic cleft and also that exocytosis also occurs from undilated peptidergic axons. Study of the magnocellular neurosecretory system reveals that all parts of their extensive terminal arborization appear to be equally capable to exocytose peptide. Only about one-half of their peptide is released from their nerve endings, which about the capillaries. The remainder is released much deeper in the lobules of secretory tissue where its principal target(s) could be the pituicytes and/or neurosecretory axons. Dendrites of magnocellular neurons are also capable of releasing peptide by exocytosis and dendrites could release sufficient oxytocin and vasopressin to account for the peptide known to be released into the hypothalamus. We conclude that peptidergic neurons release substantial amounts of peptides from all of their processes and that this must be taken into account when considering what functions those peptides might serve.
Anat Rec 1991 Dec
PMID:Widespread release of peptides in the central nervous system: quantitation of tannic acid-captured exocytoses. 179 74

Uterine and cervical involution after calving was measured sequentially in 25 parous commercial Friesian cows by using electronic calipers and real-time ultrasound imaging, transrectally. Ovarian activity was monitored by using real-time ultrasound imaging and by the assay of milk progesterone concentrations. Peripheral plasma prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite concentrations were assayed during this period. Five groups of five cows were treated intramuscularly, approximately 48 hours after calving, with either 100 mg progesterone in oil, 25 mg dinoprost tromethamine, 5 mg oestradiol benzoate, 1.2 mg of the long-acting oxytocin analogue carbetocin or 5 ml sterile water. There were no statistically significant differences between the intervals from calving to the completion of involution or between the intervals from calving to the first ovulation for the cows in the different groups. The mean PGFM concentrations in the peripheral circulation were significantly higher in the carbetocin-treated group, presumably owing to the stimulation of endogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha secretion. This study provides no evidence that a single treatment with any of the four hormones significantly affected the reproductive function of the cows after calving.
Vet Rec 1991 Jun 15
PMID:Effects of four hormone treatments after calving on uterine and cervical involution and ovarian activity in cows. 188 57

The cytoarchitecture and immunocytochemical distribution of neuropeptides (corticotropin-releasing factor, CRF; neuropeptide Y, NPY; oxytocin, OXY; vasopressin, VP; and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIP) were studied in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in male and female ground squirrels of two species (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus and S. richardsonii). Immunoreactive (IR) perikarya were found in sections incubated with VP or VIP antisera. VP-IR cell bodies were seen in the dorsal and medial parts of the nucleus in colchicine-treated animals. IR fibers were distributed throughout the SCN. In the ventral part of the nucleus, VIP-IR cells were seen in untreated animals and were more pronounced in colchicine-treated animals. VIP-IR fibers and terminals form a dense plexus throughout the nucleus. Furthermore, NPY-IR terminals and fibers with multiple varicosities, but no IR perikarya, were present in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Within the borders of the SCN, no cell bodies or fibers were stained with CRF or OXY antisera in any animal.
Anat Rec 1989 Dec
PMID:Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of neuropeptides in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of ground squirrels. 258 47

Hydrops allantois was diagnosed in two Haflinger mares with severe abdominal distension. Both mares were seven months pregnant. Abortion was induced with two injections of prostaglandin six hours apart followed by further manual dilation of the cervix and administration of oxytocin the next day. There were 90 and 95 litres of fluid, respectively, in the allantoic cavities which resembled extracellular fluid with regard to concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate and chloride, but not total protein. Both fetuses had severe brain abnormalities which were diagnosed as cerebellar and cerebral hypoplasia associated with bilateral hydrocephalus internus and hydranencephaly and cerebellar aplasia, respectively. Both mares were pregnant by the same stallion, but a clear hereditary link was not found.
Vet Rec 1988 Nov 12
PMID:Two related cases of cerebellar abnormality in equine fetuses associated with hydrops of fetal membranes. 320 93

Ninety-one to 100 per cent of pregnant sows injected with 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg of fenprostalene on days 112, 113 or 114 of gestation began to farrow within 30 hours of treatment, the majority during working hours on the day after injection. Induction of farrowing had no significant effect on the piglets' viability, the litter weight or the subsequent sow or litter performance. Treatment of sows with fenprostalene and oxytocin on day 114 of pregnancy resulted in a reduction in duration of farrowing compared with fenprostalene alone.
Vet Rec 1988 Mar 26
PMID:Induction of parturition in swine with the prostaglandin analogue fenprostalene. 338 22

A double blind randomised clinical trial was performed to assess the effects of oxytocin on the duration of placental retention following dystocia. If the placenta remained attached to the uterus immediately following assisted delivery of a calf, and was not expelled in the period taken to complete the protocol, an intramuscular injection of either 3 ml (60 USP units) of oxytocin or 3 ml of 0.9 per cent physiological saline was given to the cow. Each farmer was asked to observe the cow to determine the time of placental expulsion. In 55 cases available for analysis there was no significant difference between the treatment and control groups for percentage of placental retention at days 1, 2 or 3 post partum.
Vet Rec 1984 Feb 25
PMID:Effects of oxytocin on placental retention following dystocia. 636 59

A transcervical biopsy technique was used for the repeated collection of samples of bovine endometrium from individual cows to monitor the development of oxytocin receptors. The collection of biopsies from three cyclic cows at two-day intervals between days 13 and 17 after oestrus did not result in any shortening of the length of the cycle (mean +/- sem 22.0 +/- 0.5 days). Furthermore, the assay of serial blood samples from three cows around the time of biopsy on days 15 and 17 demonstrated that the technique did not induce any release of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Oxytocin receptors were undetectable (< 20 fmol/mg protein) on days 13 and 15 of the cycle, increased to a mean of 121 +/- 16 fmol/mg protein on day 17 (before luteolysis), and were highest in samples collected at oestrus (498 +/- 84 fmol/mg protein). To determine whether a single biopsy of endometrium would give a representative measure of the concentration of uterine oxytocin receptors, the concentrations were determined in samples of caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium collected from the upper, middle and lower proportions of uteri from three oestrous animals at slaughter. The concentrations were similar in both types of tissue (caruncular 730 +/- 15 fmol/mg protein, intercaruncular 727 +/- 48 fmol/mg protein) and there were no differences between the three regions of the uterus.
Vet Rec 1994 Oct 22
PMID:Use of repeated biopsies to monitor endometrial oxytocin receptors in the cow. 785 31

The effects on pregnancy rate of three different treatments to remove intrauterine fluid were assessed in 1267 mares. The mares were mated and allocated, in strict rotation, to four treatment groups: 1) untreated controls, 2) intrauterine infusion of broad spectrum antibiotics, 3) intravenous injection of oxytocin, 4) intravenous injection of oxytocin followed by intrauterine antibiotics. The pregnancy status of the mares was determined 13 to 15 days and 27 to 30 days after ovulation by transrectal ultrasonography. The pregnancy rate of group 4 (72 per cent) was higher than that of group 2 (64 per cent, P < 0.01) or group 3 (63 per cent, P < 0.01). The pregnancy rates of groups 2 and 3 were higher than that of group 1 (56 per cent, P < 0.01). The treatment with antibiotics and oxytocin appeared to have an additive beneficial effect which suggested two different modes of action of the combination treatment, namely antibacterial activity and fluid drainage. In the untreated mares more fluid accumulated in the uterine lumen after mating, and this was the most likely reason for their lower pregnancy rate.
Vet Rec 1996 Apr 06
PMID:Assessment of the effect of three treatments to remove intrauterine fluid on pregnancy rate in the mare. 873 Jun 72


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