Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01034 (cystatin C)
 3,397 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study we have confirmed the presence of a single base difference between intestinal mRNA coding for B-48 and hepatic mRNA coding for B-100, which results in the substitution of a stop codon (UAA) for a glutamine codon (CAA) at a point corresponding to amino acid residue 2153 in the B-100 sequence. Based on this finding, B-48 is predicted to terminate at residue 2152 with the sequence ... Met Ile. To confirm this finding at the protein level, B-48 and B-100 were each digested with cyanogen bromide and the digestion products were analysed for the presence of isoleucine. Isoleucine was found only in cyanogen bromide digests of B-48 confirming that only B-48 terminates with the predicted amino acid sequence ... Met Ile.
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PMID:Carboxyl terminal analysis of human B-48 protein confirms the novel mechanism proposed for chain termination. 342 12

The complete amino acid sequence of bovine colostrum cysteine proteinase inhibitor was determined by sequencing native inhibitor and peptides obtained by cyanogen bromide degradation, Achromobacter lysylendopeptidase digestion and partial acid hydrolysis of reduced and S-carboxymethylated protein. Achromobacter peptidase digestion was successfully used to isolate two disulfide-containing peptides. The inhibitor consists of 112 amino acids with an Mr of 12787. Two disulfide bonds were established between Cys 66 and Cys 77 and between Cys 90 and Cys 110. A high degree of homology in the sequence was found between the colostrum inhibitor and human gamma-trace, human salivary acidic protein and chicken egg-white cystatin.
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PMID:Complete amino acid sequence of bovine colostrum low-Mr cysteine proteinase inhibitor. 389 7

The amino acid sequence of human gamma-trace, a basic microprotein without known function, was determined by automated Edman degradations of the carboxymethylated polypeptide chain and of fragments obtained by cyanogen bromide treatment and tryptic digestion after blocking of lysine residues. The single polypeptide chain contained 120 residues, and the calculated Mr was 13,260. A proline residue at position 3 was partly hydroxylated. The presence of gamma-trace in a significant proportion of the cells in the anterior lobe of simian and human pituitary glands was demonstrated by immunohistochemical procedures with a rabbit antiserum against human gamma-trace. The tissue localization and amino acid sequence of gamma-trace indicated that this protein is connected with the peptidergic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine system.
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PMID:Human gamma-trace, a basic microprotein: amino acid sequence and presence in the adenohypophysis. 628 52

The CA (capsid) protein of avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses occurs in multiple species. Only one form has been previously characterized biochemically. We have now determined that the mature CA protein of avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses exists as three species with different C termini, ending in amino acid residues A-476, A-478, and M-479 of the Gag precursor, respectively. These structures were deduced from a combination of cyanogen bromide peptide mapping, sequence analysis of tryptic peptides, and electrospray mass spectrometry. The three forms of CA were detected in the same ratios in Rous sarcoma virus and avian myeloblastosis virus and therefore are likely to represent a common feature of members of this genus of avian retroviruses. The only previously reported CA species, CAM-479, accounts for only about 36% of the total CA protein, while CAA-476 and CAA-478 account for 55 and 9%, respectively. From the analysis of peptides cleaved in vitro by PR, the viral protease, we infer that the cleavage site between A-476 and A-477 not only is recognized by PR but is the preferred site. We were unable to determine if A-478/A-479 is a cleavage site for PR or alternatively if CAA-478 results from further processing of CAM-479 by a carboxypeptidase. To study the biological significance of residues A-477 to M-479, we constructed genetically altered viruses in which deletions removed either residues 477 to 479 or 477 to 488. The resulting virus particles appeared to assembly with normal efficiencies, but the latter mutant showed slowed proteolytic processing. Neither of the mutants was infectious.
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PMID:Differential proteolytic processing leads to multiple forms of the CA protein in avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses. 766 44

A 46-year-old patient developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) characterized by rapid progression. She needed respiratory assistance after a course of 9 months. She died 4.5 years after onset. Autopsy showed dramatic atrophy of the spinal cord, sparing only the posterior tracts, associated with neuronal loss and astrogliosis in various areas including the anterior horns, motor cortex, striatum, thalamus, and substantia nigra. Ubiquitin immunohistochemistry showed rare skein-like inclusions in the surviving spinal and medullary motor neurons. Eosinophilic inclusions were found in the nuclei of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. These inclusions were immunoreactive to antibodies against ubiquitin, promyelocytic leukemia gene product, proteasome, and ataxin-3. They were not immunoreactive to antibodies against tau, cystatin C, neurofilament, alpha-synuclein, SOD-1, and polyglutamine (1C2), and were not stained by ethidium bromide. Similar inclusions were found in the motor cortex. The immunoreactivity of the inclusions was similar to that encountered in diseases associated with CAG repeats, except for the negativity of the immunolabelling with 1C2. At the ultrastructural level, the nuclear inclusions were made of straight filaments (10-12 nm in diameter) arranged at random, reminiscent of the polyglutamine intranuclear hyaline inclusions.
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PMID:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with neuronal intranuclear protein inclusions. 1511 87

The effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on proteins secreted by HepG2 cells were studied using a proteomic approach. HepG2 cells were exposed to various concentrations of DEHP (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 250 microM) for 24 or 48 h. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and comet assays were then conducted to determine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DEHP, respectively. The MTT assay showed that 10 microM DEHP was the maximum concentration that did not cause cell death. In addition, the DNA damage in HepG2 cells exposed to DEHP was found to increase in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Proteomic analysis using two different pI ranges (4-7 and 6-9) and large size 2-DE revealed the presence of 2776 protein spots. A total of 35 (19 up- and 16 down-regulated) proteins were identified as biomarkers of DEHP by ESI-MS/MS. Several differentiated protein groups were also found. Proteins involved in apoptosis, transportation, signaling, energy metabolism, and cell structure and motility were found to be up- or down-regulated. Among these, the identities of cystatin C, Rho GDP inhibitor, retinol binding protein 4, gelsolin, DEK protein, Raf kinase inhibitory protein, triose phosphate isomerase, cofilin-1, and haptoglobin-related protein were confirmed by Western blot assay. Therefore, these proteins could be used as potential biomarkers of DEHP and human disease associated with DEHP.
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PMID:Identification of toxicological biomarkers of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in proteins secreted by HepG2 cells using proteomic analysis. 2019 40

Acute renal failure is one of the most frequent effects observed after taking medicine. Such situations have been tardily discovered, given that existing methods for assessing toxicity are not predictive. In this light, the present work evaluated the effects of gentamicin, a form of nephrotoxic drug, on HK-2 and HEK-293 cells. By using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and flow cytometry, both cells demonstrated that cytotoxicity occurs in a dose-dependent manner through the processes of apoptosis and cell necrosis. Gene expression analysis showed a relative increase of expression for genes related to cell processes and classic biomarkers, such as TP53, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, ICAM-1, EXOC3, KIM-1, and CST3. A decrease in expression for genes BCL2L1 and EGF was observed. This study, therefore, indicates that, when the methods are used together, gene expression analysis is able to evaluate the nephrotoxic potential of a substance.
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PMID:In vitro evaluation of biomarkers of nephrotoxicity through gene expression using gentamicin. 2999 68