Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01034 (cystatin C)
 3,397 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 73-year-old man was admitted with gait disturbance and dysarthria. He showed right-side cerebellar ataxia. Computed tomography of brain showed left thalamic bleeding. Nine months later, he was admitted again because of seizure and consciousness disturbance. He had a history of diabetes mellitus and gout for five years, but no hypertension. On physical examination the lungs and heart were normal. On neurological examination, he showed stupor,pupils and eye position were normal. He showed right hemiparesis and urinary incontinence. The deep tendon reflexes were (+) at the upper limbs and (2+) at the right knee and ankle. Blood pressure was 162/88 mmHg and glucose was 275 mg/dl. Other laboratory data were normal. Brain CT showed hemorrhage of the left frontal lobe. The cystatin C level in cerebrospinal fluid was 68 ng/ml. Therefore we suspected cystatin C deposit amyloid angiopathy. In this case, thalamic hemorrhage was initially thought to be amyloid angiopathy. In cases of cerebral hemorrhage in the elderly without hypertension, we must be considered amyloid angiopathy.
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PMID:[A case of recurrent cerebral hemorrhage considered to be cerebral amyloid angiopathy by cerebrospinal fluid examination]. 143 57

We studied the metabolic response to acute aneurysm surgery and its modification by parenteral nutrition. Forty-eight patients receiving perioperative corticosteroid treatment were randomly assigned to receive glucose alone (7.2 kcal/day, D5W + C), glucose and a conventional amino acid solution (7.2 kcal/day and 0.15 gN/day, CAA + C) or glucose and branched chain amino acid enriched solution (7.2 kcal/day and 0.14 gN/day, BCAA + C). Twenty patients without corticosteroid treatment received either glucose alone (7.2 kcal/day, D5W) or glucose and a conventional amino acid solution (7.2 kcal/day and 0.14 gN/day, CAA). Poor nitrogen utilization was indicated by strongly negative nitrogen balance in all groups and a failure of the infused amino acids to improve nitrogen balance. (Day 0; D5W + C: -9.3 +/- 3.6 g/day and CAA + C: -8.2 +/- 9.7 g/day vs CAA: -2.6 +/- 4.9 g/day, p less than 0.05, Day 1; D5W + C: -14.9 +/- 9 g/day vs CAA: -7.7 +/- 6.5 g/day, p less than 0.05, MANOVA). We conclude that subarachnoid haemorrhage and its surgical treatment induce a catabolic response and impaired utilization of exogenous nitrogen, further amplified by perioperative corticosteroids, which is in sharp contrast to the response to surgery not involving the central nervous system.
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PMID:Impaired utilization of exogenous amino acids after surgery for subarachnoid haemorrhage. 212 2

Enhanced nitrogen utilization occurs when adults with gastrointestinal disease are fed partially hydrolyzed proteins instead of isonitrogenous, isocaloric crystalline amino acids. A controlled trial was conducted to determine if this difference was also seen in malnourished stressed cancer patients and to gain an understanding of the underlying mechanism. Sixteen malnourished patients with head and neck cancer were prospectively randomized to either crystalline amino acid-glucose (CAA-G) or partially hydrolyzed protein-glucose (PHP-G) diets. Patients were fed via an enteral tube for 10 days starting on the second postoperative day. Blood SMA-6 and amino acid levels were measured on Days 1 and 10. Daily calorie counts and fluid balance were obtained. Daily 24-hr urine and stools were analyzed for total N during the last 5 days of the study period. The daily positive N balance with both diets was the same (CAA-G = +7.8 +/- 0.8 vs PHP-G = +8.2 +/- 1.0 g; mean +/- SE) and 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratio did not differ. Patients on PHP-G diet gained significantly more weight (+0.5 vs - 1.5 kg; P less than 0.01) and had significantly higher serum albumin (3.2 +/- 0.2 vs 2.8 +/- 0.1 g/dl; P = 0.5) by the end of the 10th study day. Weight changes were not due to fluid retention: serum Na+, K+, creatinine and mean fluid intake for the two groups remained the same during the study period. A significantly greater rise in BUN occurred on the CAA-G diet (from 9.2 +/- 1.7 to 15.4 +/- 1.4 mg/dl; P less than 0.05) while BUN remained unchanged on the PHP-G diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of elemental diet on albumin and urea synthesis: comparison with partially hydrolyzed protein diet. 637 51

Plasma osteocalcin, a marker of osteoblastic activity, decreases after major abdominal and gynaecological surgery. Increased cortisol secretion and other hormonal and inflammatory components of the peri-operative stress response may play a role in mediating this response. We assessed the effects of three different anaesthetic techniques on peri-operative osteocalcin concentrations. Thirty-six female patients undergoing elective total hip replacement were randomly assigned to receive propofol, propofol plus 'three-in-one' block or etomidate as part of a general anaesthetic technique. We measured plasma osteocalcin and serum cortisol, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, interleukin-6, plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, plasma glucose and cystatin C concentrations for up to 3 days after surgery. Etomidate successfully inhibited the cortisol response to surgery but plasma osteocalcin declined in all patients. This was accompanied by increased plasma catecholamines, interleukin-6 and glucose concentrations, and decreased cystatin C-values. Inhibition of the cortisol response to surgery failed to prevent a decrease in plasma osteocalcin concentrations after surgery, suggesting that other factors such as cytokines or catecholamines may play a significant role.
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PMID:Osteocalcin and the hormonal, inflammatory and metabolic response to major orthopaedic surgery. 1193 88

A clinical investigation was conducted to clarify the reliability and efficacy of serum cystatin C measurement for estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Two hundred twelve patients with various renal diseases enrolled in the study. All patients were evaluated for 24-hour creatinine clearance (24 h C(Cr)) and the standard sodium thiosulfate clearance test (C(Thio)) within a week of blood sample collection. Serum cystatin C concentration was determined by a particle-enhanced immunonephelometry method. C(Thio) and 1/cystatin C, 24 h C(Cr), 1/beta2-microglobulin and 1/creatinine were well correlated. The correlation coefficients for C(Thio) obtained by 24 h C(Cr) and 1/cystatin C were comparable to each other (0.701 vs. 0.679). Receiver-operated characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that 24 h C(Cr) showed the highest area under the curve when C(Thio) = 60 ml/min or C(Thio) = 100 ml/min were applied as the discrimination point. However, the ROC value obtained by cystatin C was slightly greater than 24 h C(Cr) when C(Thio) = 80 ml/min was used as the discrimination point. Patient age, gender, glucose tolerance, presence of proteinuria, systemic inflammation, lupus, or systemic use of steroids did not interfere in the relationship between C(Thio) and 1/cystatin C. In conclusion, serum cystatin C measurement is an excellent diagnostic test for detecting patients with subclinical renal dysfunction.
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PMID:Serum cystatin C reliably detects renal dysfunction in patients with various renal diseases. 1202 14

Atherosclerosis and diabetes are closely associated and both involve extensive degradation of the aortic elastin. Increased elastase activity has been detected in diabetic animal aortae. We have demonstrated enhanced elastolytic cathepsin S in human atherosclerotic lesions but insufficient amounts of its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C, suggesting alterations of serum cathepsin S and/or cystatin C in patients with atherosclerosis or diabetes. In this study, we measured levels of both cathepsin S and cystatin C in sera from 240 patients by ELISA. Among these patients, 107 had a diagnosis of atherosclerotic stenosis, 103 were diabetic, and 30 had neither condition. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that significantly higher serum levels of cathepsin S in patients with either atherosclerotic stenosis (p<0.04) or diabetes (p=0.0005) persisted after adjustment for cystatin C level, renal function, smoking, and serum glucose levels (p=0.008, p=0.0005). Furthermore, patients with acute (p=0.009) or previous myocardial infarction (p<0.02) or unstable angina pectoris (p<0.05) had elevated levels of cathepsin S after adjustment for smoking, creatinine, cystatin C, and serum glucose. In contrast, serum cystatin C levels were higher in diabetic patients (p=0.00001), but not in atherosclerotic subjects (p=0.14), than in the non-involved population after adjustment for age, smoking, and renal function. Although the pathophysiology of cathepsin S or cystatin C in atherosclerosis and diabetes requires further investigation, increased serum cathepsin S may serve as a biomarker for both diseases.
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PMID:Increased serum cathepsin S in patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes. 1614 Mar 6

Clinical chemistry data are decisive for evaluating altered organ function or damage in experimental animals. Few publications provide reliable clinical chemistry reference intervals, and analytical methods are often not described. Here, we investigated common clinical chemistry values in adult male and female Wistar rats and C57/BL6 mice (n=30/group). Blood samples were taken and analysed for electrolytes, substrates, metabolites and enzymes. In addition, we investigated cystatin C, an important marker of glomerular dysfunction. All data were obtained using commercially available kits frequently employed in most clinical chemistry laboratories and compared with data from other studies, as well as with human data. Significant gender-specific differences were observed in rats (electrolytes, retention parameters and transaminases) and in mice (cholesterol, glucose). High variability was noted for sodium, potassium, glucose, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and transaminase levels. Both rodent species showed markedly higher alpha-amylase activity than humans. This report demonstrates significant differences between genders for many analytes in rats and for fewer parameters in mice. Some reference values displayed major discrepancies between rodents and humans.
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PMID:Clinical chemistry reference database for Wistar rats and C57/BL6 mice. 1751 51

Fetuin A and matrix GLA protein--MGP are known as extraosseus calcification inhibitors. The aim of the study was to assess the dependence between metabolic status and fetuin A and matrix GLA protein levels in type 1 diabetic patients without ischaemic heart disease. The study was performed in a group consisting of 35 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (22 women and 13 men). Mean age of the studied group equaled 38.8 +/- 11.24 years, duration of diabetes mellitus 20.77 +/- 10.11 years. Fetuin A significantly correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.45; p = 0.007). Total cholesterol, LDL-chol and triglicerides correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.40, p = 0.03; r = 0.41, p = 0.03 and r = 0.37, p = 0.05), HDL-chol significantly correlated with glucose level at the examination day (r = 0.52, p = 0.04). There were also positive correlations of trigliceride with uric acid (r = 0.47, p = 0.09) and cystatin C (r = 0.44, p = 0.02). There were no correlation of MGP with other examined parameters. Initial results of fetuin A and MGP levels in long-term type 1 diabetic patients without ischaemic heart disease draws attention to new parameters in macroangiopathy development.
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PMID:[Fetuin A and matrix GLA protein in long standing type I diabetic patients without ischaemic heart disease]. 1764 33

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common, but often not diagnosed. A biomarker index would be useful to raise suspicion of PAD, so as to trigger appropriate vascular testing and management. The study comprised 540 individuals: 197 individuals with both coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease (CAD + PAD); 81 with CAD only; and 262 with no hemodynamically significant disease (NHSD) of the coronary or peripheral arteries. Multiple linear regression was performed to generate a biomarker panel score that could predict ankle-brachial index (ABI). Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between disease status and the panel score as well as other risk factors (e.g. age, diabetes status, smoking status). ROC analysis was performed to test the prediction power of the biomarker panel score. Among the plasma markers tested, beta 2 microglobulin (beta2M) and cystatin C had the highest correlation with ABI, and higher than any of the conventional risk factors of age, smoking status, and diabetes status. A biomarker panel score derived from beta2M, cystatin C, hsCRP, and glucose had an increased association with PAD status (OR = 12.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.6-23.5 for highest vs lowest quartile), which was still significant after adjusting for known risk factors (OR = 7.3, 95% CI 3.6-14.9 for highest vs lowest quartile). In conclusion, after taking into account the traditional risk factors for PAD, a biomarker panel comprising beta2M, cystatin C, hsCRP, and glucose adds useful information to assess the risk of disease.
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PMID:A biomarker panel for peripheral arterial disease. 1868 58

Medications to treat hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are expected to inhibit the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products in the diabetic kidney and improve renal function by inhibiting oxidative reactions. In this study, we examined the effect of pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, on diabetic nephropathy. Feed containing pioglitazone at 0.01 or 0.02% was given to Zucker-fatty rats for 27 weeks. Pioglitazone reduced plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and blood HbAlc levels. It also decreased plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and cystatin C levels and inhibited the increase in urine of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and in plasma of malondialdehyde. In the histopathological examinations, pioglitazone inhibited diffusive or nodular thickening of the mesangial matrix, atrophy of the proximal convoluted tubule, thickening of the basement membrane of the tubule, and mild cellular infiltration (mostly small lymphocytes) in the stroma. Furthermore, pioglitazone inhibited the mRNA expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and that of transforming growth factor-beta. Long-term administration of pioglitazone improved hyperglycemia lipid profiles, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperinsulinemia and had a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy in Zucker-fatty rats.
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PMID:Pioglitazone improves obesity type diabetic nephropathy: relation to the mitigation of renal oxidative reaction. 1894 78


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