Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01034 (cystatin C)
 3,397 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Procathepsin L, the precursor to a powerful lysosomal cysteine proteinase, has been purified to apparent homogeneity from guinea pig spermatozoa, a novel and previously unrecognized source of this catalytically active zymogen. In the range of pH 5.0, procathepsin L (39,000 M(r)) readily self-processed yielding a mature, single-chain proteinase (29,000 M(r)) and an intact propeptide (10,000 M(r)) by what appeared kinetically to be an intramolecular reaction mechanism. These characteristics resembled those reported for the "major excreted protein" (MEP) of malignantly transformed mouse fibroblasts-a protein that has been characterized as the precursor to the mouse analog of human cathepsin L (B. R. Troen, S. Gal, and M. M. Gottesman (1987) Biochem. J. 246, 731-735). Other characteristics shared by the guinea pig and mouse zymogens included proteolytic activity at pH 5.0, homologous N-terminal amino acid sequences, and immunological relatedness. It was thus concluded that acrosomal procathepsin L is the guinea pig analog of MEP. Acrosomal procathepsin L had a specific activity on benzyloxy-carbonyl-Phe-Arg-7-(4-methyl)coumarylamide (Z-Phe-Arg-NMec) of 30 mumol min-1 mg-1 enzyme at pH 3.2 and 37 degrees C. Relative to the assay substrate, rates on other fluorogenic substrates were 90% for Z-Phe-Cit-NMec, 63% for Z-Leu-Leu-Arg-NMec, 43% for D-Phe-Ser(Bzl)-Phe-Phe-Ala-Ala-p-aminobenzoate (a "specific" cathepsin D assay substrate), and 32% for Z-Val-Val-Arg-NMec. No action was detected on Z-Arg-Arg-NMec or Arg-NMec. Mature cathepsin L showed the same relative order of substrate specificity as its proenzyme form, but the absolute rates were about 5-fold greater. Additionally, the mature (single-chain) form of cathepsin L displayed Km and kcat values on Z-Phe-Arg-NMec that yielded an exceptionally high catalytic coefficient (11,600 s-1 mM-1) compared to values reported for two-chain forms of cathepsin L. Self-processing by acrosomal procathepsin L at pH 5.5 was totally inhibited by leupeptin, cystatin C, Ep-475, and Z-Phe-Phe-CHN2 at 1 microM levels. Gossypol (0.1 mM) gave 94% inhibition. Interestingly, dextran sulfate (100 micrograms ml-1) gave a 3.6-fold increase in the rate of self-processing seen at pH 5.5--a phenomenon of potential physiological relevance in view of the high-negative-charge density present within the hyaluronic acid-rich outer layer (cumulus oophorus) of the ovum.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of procathepsin L, a self-processing zymogen of guinea pig spermatozoa that acts on a cathepsin D assay substrate. 748 6

Extrapyramidal signs are a main feature of spinocerebellar ataxia 17 (SCA17). However, the extent of dopaminergic dysfunction and its correlation with parkinsonian signs are not fully understood. In order to define this, we investigated five subjects from three different families with a pathological CAG/CAA expansion in the TATA-binding protein gene (SCA17), ranging from asymptomatic carrier to patient with advanced disease, by FP-CIT SPECT. Nigrostriatal dysfunction was present in patients manifesting a fully developed phenotype but not in preclinical and early stages. Dopamine transporter reduction was symmetrical and uniform in caudate and putamen and it correlated with the clinical severity of ataxia.
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PMID:Characterization of nigrostriatal dysfunction in spinocerebellar ataxia 17. 1653 53