Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01034 (cystatin C)
 3,397 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hairpin conjugates of achiral seco-cyclopropaneindoline-2-benzofurancarboxamide (achiral seco-CI-Bf) and three diamides (ImPy 1, PyIm 2, and PyPy 3, where Py is pyrrole, and Im is imidazole), linked by a gamma-aminobutyrate group, were synthesized. The sequence-specific covalent alkylation of the achiral CI moiety with adenine-N3 in the minor groove was ascertained by thermally induced DNA cleavage experiments. The results provide evidence that hairpin conjugates of achiral seco-CI-Bf-gamma-polyamides could be tailored to target specific DNA sequences according to a set of general rules: the achiral CI moiety selectively reacts with adenine-N3, a stacked pair of imidazole/benzofuran prefers a G/C base pair, and a pyrrole/benzofuran prefers an A/T or T/A base pair. Models for the binding of hairpin conjugates 1-3 with sequences 5'-TCA(888)G-3', 5'-CAA(857)C-3', and 5'-TTA(843)C-3' are proposed.
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PMID:Sequence specific recognition of DNA by tailor-made hairpin conjugates of achiral seco-cyclopropaneindoline-2-benzofurancarboxamide and pyrrole-imidazole polyamides. 1587 36

Some Artemisia herbs are used for medicinal purposes. In particular, A. princeps and A. argyi are classified as 'Aeyup' and are used as important medicinal material in traditional Korean medicine. On the other hand, A. capillaris and A. iwayomogi, which are classified as 'Injinho' and 'Haninjin', respectively, are used for other purposes distinct from those of 'Aeyup'. However, sometimes 'Aeyup' is not clearly discriminated from 'Injinho' and/or 'Haninjin'. Furthermore, Artemisia capillaris and/or A. iwayomogi have been used in place of A. princeps and A. argyi. In this study, we developed an efficient method to discriminate A. argyi and A. princeps from other Artemisia plants. The RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method efficiently discriminated various Artemisia herbs. In particular, non-specific primer 329 (5'-GCG AAC CTC C-3'), which shows polymorphism among Artemisia herbs, amplified 838 bp products, which are specific to A. princeps and A. argyi only. Based on nucleotide sequence of the primer 329 product, we designed a Fb (5'-CAT CAA CCA TGG CTT ATC CT-3') and R7 (5'-GCG AAC CTC CCC ATT CCA-3') primer-set to amplify a 254 bp sized SCAR (sequence characterized amplified regions) marker, through which A. princeps and A. argyi can be efficiently discriminated from other Artemisia herbs, particularly, A. capillaris and A. iwayomogi.
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PMID:Development of SCAR marker for discrimination of Artemisia princeps and A. argyi from other Artemisia herbs. 1659 92

Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungus that causes vascular wilts in a wide variety of plant species. Basil is recognized as an ecological niche for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. basilici (FOB) and this fungus is now present in most countries where basil is cultivated. The rapid identification of the species affecting basil plants is necessary to define a successful method for crop protection. The aim of this study was to develop a PCR method for the rapid detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici in substrates. The specificity of the primers used was tested using the DNA extracted directly from substrate samples. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. basilici was artificially inoculated with decreasing amounts in a commercial substrate (sphagnum peat moss) and in a mixture with 40% of municipal compost, after steam disinfestation. Basil seeds (cv. Fine verde) were sown in pots that were laid on a bench in the greenhouse. At time 0 and after 7, 14 and 21 days from the inoculation, substrate and root samples were collected and prepared for microbial analysis and for the DNA extraction. DNA extraction was carried out using NucleoSpin Soil Kit (Macherey-Nagel, Germany). PCR amplification for the specific detection was carried out using primer sets Bik 1 (5'-ATT CAA GAG CTA AAG GTC C-3') and Bik 4 (5'-TTT GAC CAA GAT AGA TGC C-3') for the first PCR, while primers Bik 1 + Bik 2 (5'-AAA GGT AGT ATA TCG GAG G-3') for the nested PCR to increase detection sensitivity. Disease incidence was also assessed 21 days after seeding. The results showed the presence of amplified fragments of the expected size when the concentration of F. oxysporum f.sp. basilici was at least 3.5 Log CFU g(-1) by using DNA extract directly from substrate, before roots were infected by the pathogen. The detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici by PCR method developed in this study is certainly simple and fast and can be useful for its reliable detection in substrate samples, but not to guarantee that the substrate is totally free of pathogens.
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PMID:Detection of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. basilici in substrates and roots by PCR. 2515 41

During the 2004 growing season in the Liaoning Province in China, where there was large population of whiteflies, several sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) breeding lines showed leaf curl symptoms. A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) in China. Sixteen plants were collected and stem scions from those plants were graft inoculated to Ipomoea nil. Three weeks later, the indicator developed symptoms of leaf curling, interveinal chlorosis, and stunting. Total nucleic acid was extracted from young leaves of sweet potato and then evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primers, developed by Briddon and Markham (1) and used as universal primers for amplification of the geminivirus DNA fragment, were BM-V (5'-KSG GGT CGA CGT CAT CAA TGA CGT TRT AC-3') and BM-C (5'-AAR GAA TTC ATK GGG GCC CAR ARR GAC TGG C-3'). Amplified fragments with BM primers theoretically should have sizes almost equal to the full length of the DNA A component of the bipartite genome (2). Expected DNA fragments of 2.8 kb that contained the AV1, AV2, AC1, AC2, AC3, and AC4 open reading frames were obtained from symptomatic, but not from symptomless (uninfected) plants. The 2.8-kb fragments obtained by amplification were purified and cloned into the PMD18-T vector. Recombinant plasmids were then transformed into competent cells of Escherichia coli strain DH5(. The fragment was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. DQ512731), and nucleotide sequence of corresponding regions were compared with a published sequence of SPLCV available in GenBank (Accession No. AF104036). The AC4 and AC2 genes showed the highest (92%) and the lowest (83%) identity, respectively. This virus has been reported in the United States, Taiwan, Japan, and Peru. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of SPLCV in China. References: (1) R. W. Briddon and P. G. Markham. Mol. Biotechnol. 1:202, 1994. (2) M. Onuki and K. Hanada. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 64:116, 1998.
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PMID:First Report of Sweet potato leaf curl virus in China. 3078 25

In the course of a survey to select superior old citrus lines in the area of Siracusa (Sicily, Italy), trees in several blocks of Fortune (Citrus reticulata Blanco), Nova (C. reticulata Blanco), Satsuma (C. unshiu (Macfad.) mandarins Marc.), and Marsh grapefruit (C. paradisi Macfad.) propagated on sour orange (C. aurantium L.) rootstock showed stunting, decline, dieback, and small-sized fruits. Stunting was particularly evident in grapefruit. Declined plants consistently showed pin-holing in the cambial face of sour orange bark below the bud union line, which is often associated with Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) infection. Young shoots from 600 Fortune, 300 Nova, 400 Satsuma, and 20 Marsh grapefruit plants showing decline were analyzed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) (Loewe Phytodiagnostica Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany) and by immunoprinting-ELISA (Agritest Srl Valenzano-Bari-Italy) using CTV specific polyclonal antibodies. All decline tree samples reacted positively with both techniques while healthy greenhouse controls were negative. Total RNA was extracted from 50 of those plants, 25 Fortune and 15 Nova mandarins, 5 Satsuma, and 5 Marsh grapefruit (Qiagen RNeasy Plant minikit, Qiagen S.P.A., Milan, Italy), and tested in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers for genes p20 (forward 5'-CGA GCT TAC TTT AGT GTT A-3' from CTV T36 genomic position 17767-17786 and reverse 5'-TAA TGT CAA ACT GAC CGC from CTV T36 position 18269-18286) and p23 (forward 5'-ACT AAC TTT AAT TCG AAC A-3' from CTV T36 position 18347-18286 and reverse 5'-AAC TTA TTC CGT CCA CTT C-3' from CTV T36 position 19026-19044) (2). In all cases, DNA fragments of the expected size were amplified. Equivalent samples from CTV-free greenhouse control plants did not react in ELISA and yielded no DNA after amplification with the same primers. When the history of the plants in the affected blocks was traced, it was found that all Fortune, Nova, satsuma and Marsh grapefruit trees had been propagated from budwood illegally imported from Spain 10 years before, suggesting the possibility that the imported buds were infected with CTV. The estimated number of infected plants in the area of Siracusa is approximately 10,000, and some evidence suggests that the virus might be spreading in the area (work in progress). Only scattered CTV-infected trees had been detected in Italy previously (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of an important CTV outbreak in Italy. Additional surveys are being conducted to get a more accurate estimation of the CTV incidence, to determine if the virus is being dispersed by aphid vectors, and to biologically and molecularly characterize the virus strains present in the affected area. Presently, there are approximately 100,000 ha of citrus in Sicily, mostly grown on decline susceptible sour orange rootstock. The presence and potential spread of CTV is a major threat for this citrus industry. References: (1) M. Davino and G. Terranova. Frutticoltura 61:18, 1999. (2) A. Sambade et al. Plant Pathol. 51:257, 2002.
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PMID:The First Citrus tristeza virus Outbreak Found in a Relevant Citrus Producing Area of Sicily, Italy. 3081 70