Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01034 (cystatin C)
 3,397 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is known that proliferation and survival of neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro not only depend on exogenous factors, but also on autocrine factors secreted into the conditioned medium. It is also well known that the identification of bioactive proteins secreted into the conditioned medium poses a substantial challenge. Recently, neural stem/progenitor cells were shown to secrete a survival factor, cystatin C, into the conditioned medium. Here, we demonstrate an approach to identify other low molecular weight proteins in conditioned medium from cultured adult rat hippocampal progenitor cells. A combination of preparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry was utilized in the analysis. We were able to identify a number of proteins, which include Rho-guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 1, phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP), also termed Raf-1 kinase interacting protein, polyubiquitin, immunophilin FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12) and cystatin C. The presence of PEBP and FKBP12 in conditioned medium was confirmed immunologically. All nestin-positive progenitor cells showed immunoreactivity for antibodies against PEBP and FKBP12. To our knowledge we are the first to use this preparative proteomic approach to search for stem cell factors in conditioned medium. The method could be used to identify novel bioactive proteins secreted by stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Identification of bioactive proteins in vitro is of potential importance for the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the cells in vivo.
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PMID:Proteome analysis of conditioned medium from cultured adult hippocampal progenitors. 1451 17

Tacrolimus is widely used as an immunosuppressant in liver transplantation, and tacrolimus-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of liver transplantation. For early detection of AKI, various urinary biomarkers such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, interleukin-18, osteopontin, cystatin C, clusterin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) have been identified. Here, we attempt to identify urinary biomarkers for the early detection of tacrolimus-induced AKI in liver transplant patients. Urine samples were collected from 31 patients after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Twenty recipients developed tacrolimus-induced AKI. After the initiation of tacrolimus therapy, urine samples were collected on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21. In patients who experienced AKI during postoperative day 21, additional spot urine samples were collected on postoperative days 28, 35, 42, 49, and 58. The 8 healthy volunteers, whose renal and liver functions were normal, were asked to collect their blood and spot urine samples. The urinary levels of NGAL, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein were significantly higher in patients with AKI than in those without, while those of interleukin-18, osteopontin, cystatin C and clusterin did not differ between the 2 groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of urinary NGAL was 0.876 (95% confidence interval, 0.800-0.951; P<0.0001), which was better than those of the other six urinary biomarkers. In addition, the urinary levels of NGAL at postoperative day 1 (p = 0.0446) and day 7 (p = 0.0006) can be a good predictive marker for tacrolimus-induced AKI within next 6 days, respectively. In conclusion, urinary NGAL is a sensitive biomarker for tacrolimus-induced AKI, and may help predict renal event caused by tacrolimus therapy in liver transplant patients.
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PMID:Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: a useful biomarker for tacrolimus-induced acute kidney injury in liver transplant patients. 2532 16

Although de novo DSA are associated with inferior graft survival, there are no effective strategies to prevent their formation. Underexposure to MPA (prodrug: MMF) also contributes to rejection rates early after transplantation, but the effect of this phenomenon on the formation of DSA long-term post-transplantation is unknown. Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation). All available data from 32 renal transplant recipients (age at transplantation 7.5 [4.5] yr) on tacrolimus and MPA immunosuppression with an average follow-up of 9.4 (s.d. 4.6) yr were analyzed. DSA were measured using the Luminex assay (>500 MFI was considered DSA-positive). Tacrolimus and MPA levels were measured with the Abbot Tacro II and EMIT assay, respectively. Among 1964 MPA and 3462 tacrolimus trough levels, the average MPA trough level was 3.2 (1.5) mg/L and the average tacrolimus level was 6.7 (2.8) ng/mL. At last follow-up, only 5/32 patients had undetectable DSA, with 5/32 having no class I antibodies and 6/32 having no class II antibodies. DSA formation was associated with a lower minimum MPA trough level (0.27 [0.23] vs. 0.47 [0.18] mg) and cystatin C eGFR (48 [21] vs. 70 [23] mL/min/1.73 m(2)) for class I DSA formers. The average eGFR of patients without class I DSA was 70 (23) mL/min/1.73 m(2), whereas the average eGFR of patients with class I DSA was 48 (21) mL/min/1.73 m(2) (p = 0.0071). MPA trough levels <1.3 mg/L long-term post-transplantation are associated with the formation of DSA. The association between the formation of DSA and minimum MPA exposure may support a strategy for preventing the formation of DSA.
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PMID:Minimum mycophenolic acid levels are associated with donor-specific antibody formation. 2658 70