Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01034 (cystatin C)
 3,397 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to assess parameters of renal function and other determinants of plasma homocysteine in type 2 diabetic patients without coronary heart disease (CHD). Fasting plasma homocysteine, serum cystatin C and serum creatinine were determined in 183 (75 men, 108 women) Type 2 diabetic patients without clinical evidence of CHD. Creatinine clearance was calculated and parameters such as blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) were assessed. The urine albumin:creatinine ratio was used to classify patients as normo-, micro- or macroalbuminuric. One hundred and ten patients were normoalbuminuric, 67 patients were microalbuminuric and six patients were macroalbuminuric. There was no statistically significant difference in plasma homocysteine concentration between patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. There was a trend towards increasing plasma homocysteine with decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r=-0.46; P<0.0001). There was statistically significant correlation between plasma homocysteine and age (r=0.37), serum cystatin C (r=0.47), and serum creatinine (r=0.56). Plasma homocysteine concentration was significantly higher in patients with BMI<30 kg/m(2) and showed significant inverse correlation with weight (r=-0.16; P=0.03) and body mass index (r=-0.24; P=0.001). Homocysteine and serum creatinine were significantly higher in males than females and higher in smokers than non smokers but was not associated with glycemic control and duration of diabetes. In conclusion, elevated homocysteine concentration in patients with type 2 DM without CHD is related to age, gender, smoking, BMI and GFR. Follow up studies will provide further information on the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and the development of cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Homocysteine and endogenous markers of renal function in type 2 diabetic patients without coronary heart disease. 1110 32

Glomerular filtration is one of the major determinants of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). To evaluate the respective roles of residual glomerular filtration (by measuring a specific protein marker, cystatin C), genetic polymorphisms and nutritional status in tHcy blood levels in end-stage renal disease patients (ESRD) under hemodialysis and supplemented with folate, we measured tHcy, folate, vitamin B12 (B12), creatinine, cystatin C, albumin and C-reactive protein and determined the polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (C677T and A1289C) and of methionine synthase (MS) (A2756G) in 114 ESRD patients before hemodialysis and 76 control subjects. All patients received a folate supplementation of 700 microg/day. Hyperhomocysteinemia was observed in all patients and exceeded the upper normal limit by 2-fold in 52.4% of the patients. Serum folate was significantly increased and the B12 level was not different from controls. Folate, Cystatin C and creatinine were significantly correlated to tHcy, while no correlation was found between tHcy, albumin and C-reactive protein. No difference in genotype frequency between ESRD patients and controls was found for MTHFR A1289C and MS A2756G. The MTHFR 677TT genotype was less frequent and was associated with a significantly higher tHcy level in patients. Folate and residual glomerular filtration estimated by cystatin C and creatinine levels were two independent determinants of tHcy in ESRD patients. These data suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia is a consequence as well as a complicating factor of renal failure.
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PMID:Hyperhomocysteinemia is related to residual glomerular filtration and folate, but not to methylenetetrahydrofolate-reductase and methionine synthase polymorphisms, in supplemented end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. 1159 45

Altered renal function is an essential component of the pathophysiological process in preeclampsia. The kidneys play a significant part in the turnover of most low molecular weight substances such as creatinine, urate and cystatin C. The present work was undertaken to investigate if the serum levels of these components are altered in characteristic ways in preeclampsia, and can be used to assist in the diagnosis of this condition. The serum levels were therefore determined in samples from 100 healthy women at term as well as in 45 samples of patients with preeclampsia (diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg; urinary albumin excretion >300 mgL(-1)). The levels of all three components were significantly higher in samples from preeclamptic patients with the mean+SD being 1.55+/-0.29 vs. 1.05+/-0.19 mg L(-1) for cystatin C, 70+/-23 vs. 56+/-9.7 micromol L(-1) for creatinine, and 413+/-128 vs. 305+/-61 micromol L(-1) for urate. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the serum level of cystatin C had a superior diagnostic accuracy for preeclampsia compared to those of serum urate and creatinine and that the diagnostic accuracy of serum urate was better than that of serum creatinine.
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PMID:Serum cystatin C is a better marker for preeclampsia than serum creatinine or serum urate. 1176 16

Homocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but information on its association with type 2 diabetes and mild renal dysfunction is limited. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is partly determined by renal plasma clearance. Serum cystatin C (Cys C) concentration has been introduced as a marker of renal function, specifically as an indicator of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The aim of this study was to explore the relationships among tHcy, creatinine clearance (Ccr), serum Cys C, and microalbuminuria in a population with type 2 diabetes. Fasting plasma tHcy, serum homocysteine-related vitamins (folate and vitamin B12), serum Cys C, serum creatinine, urine microalbumin, and creatinine clearance were determined in 75 type 2 diabetic patients and 40 healthy control subjects. The patients were assigned to two groups based on urinary albumin excretion (UAE): normoalbuminuric (NAU, UAE < 30 mg/24 hr, n = 35) and microalbuminuric (MAU, UAE 30-300 mg/24 hr, n = 40). Ccr was calculated using the Cockroft-Gault formula. Plasma Hcy levels were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection and serum Cys C by automated particle enhanced immunoturbidimetry. Plasma tHcy levels were significantly higher in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric patients than in controls (10.64 +/- 0.53, 13.29 +/- 0.78, 6.91 +/- 0.37 mmol/L, respectively). Serum Cys C levels in microalbuminuric diabetics were higher than in normoalbuminurics and controls (1.36 +/- 0.06, 1.12 +/- 0.04, 1.10 +/- 0.06 mg/ L, respectively). Positive correlations were noted between tHcy and Cys C levels in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric diabetics (r = 0.72, r = 0.64, respectively). Homocysteine and creatinine concentrations were correlated in both diabetic groups (r = 0.89, r = 0.93, NAU and MAU, respectively). Elevated plasma total homocysteine concentrations in type 2 diabetics suggest an association between homocysteinemia and deterioration of renal function, evidenced by increased serum creatinine and Cys C, Ccr, and microalbuminuria. These findings implicate homocysteinemia in the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular complications of diabetes.
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PMID:Association between homocysteinemia and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1217 91

Urinary proteins from 14 patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis were analyzed by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. Urinary total protein concentrations were measured, and urinary 15 proteins (prealbumin, albumin, alpha(1)-microglobulin, alpha(1)-antitrypsin, alpha(2)-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, retinol binding protein, transferrin, beta(2)-microglobulin, IgA, IgG, kappa- and lambda-light chains, cystatin C, and lysozyme) were identified by the use of a rapid and highly sensitive colloidal silver staining reagent suited for use with cellulose acetate membranes, as reported previously by Matsuda et al. (J Clin Lab Anal 15:171-174, 2001; Clin Chem47:763-766, 2001) and Hiratsuka et al. (J Clin Lab Anal 10:403-406, 1996). We also analyzed urinary total protein concentration and urinary protein fractions according to the presence of acute or nonacute interstitial nephritis. In addition, the relationship between urinary protein fraction and complications of interstitial nephritis was analyzed. The goal of this work was to find a useful index for the diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis.
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PMID:Cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis in the analysis of urinary proteins in patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis. 1264 Jun 26

Reported here, human urine samples were analyzed for beta-2-microglobulin (beta2m), transthyretin (TTR), cystatin C, urine protein 1 (UP1), retinol binding protein (RBP), albumin, transferrin, and human neutrophil defensin peptides (HNP) using mass spectrometric immunoassay (MSIA). MSIA is a unique analytical technique, which allows for the generation of distinct protein profiles of specific target proteins from each subject, which may be subsequently used in comparative protein expression profiling between all subjects. Comparative profiling allows for the rapid identification of variations within individual protein expression profiles. Although the majority of analyses performed in this study revealed homology between study participants, roughly one-quarter showed variation in the protein profiles. Some of these observed variants included a point mutation in TTR, absence of wild-type RBP, monomeric forms UP1, a novel beta2m glycated end product and altered HNP ratios. MSIA has been previously used in the analysis of blood proteins, but this study shows how MSIA easily transitions to the analysis, of urine samples. This study displays how qualitative urine protein differentiation is readily achievable with MSIA and is useful in identifying proteomic differences between subjects that might be otherwise overlooked with other analytical techniques due to complexity of the resulting data or insufficient sensitivity.
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PMID:Comparative urine protein phenotyping using mass spectrometric immunoassay. 1271 33

In a study performed in Tamale, in the Northern region of Ghana, cystatin C, a new and sensitive indicator of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), was used to estimate the frequency of renal dysfunction in 78 children with uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The excretion in urine of albumin, immunoglobulin G and alpha1-microglobulin was also investigated. Plasma concentrations of cystatin C were found to be elevated in 17% of the children, indicating subclinical impairment of renal function. As most (85%) of the children had glomerular as well as tubular patterns of proteinuria, it appears that both glomerulonephritis and damage to tubular cells often occur in P. falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Renal dysfunction in children with uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tamale, Ghana. 1283 20

In this follow-up study, 526 persons were followed for almost 5 years to assess the reversibility and predictive value of four kidney biomarkers in a field epidemiology setting. This study examined (a) whether elevations in urinary albumin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, retinol-binding protein, and alanine aminopeptidase remained elevated at follow-up and (b) whether these initial elevations were predictive of kidney disease (as measured by markers of kidney dysfunction: serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, creatinine clearance, and urine osmolality) at follow-up. Study participants were 8-76 years of age at baseline and were followed for an average of 4.5 years. Approximately 50% of adults who had an elevated biomarker did not have an elevation at followup. Youths with elevated biomarkers at baseline, but who completed adolescence by the time of the follow-up, no longer had any elevations in biomarkers at follow-up. Adult participants who had elevated biomarkers and selected health conditions at baseline (diabetes and, to a lesser extent, heart disease, hypertension, gout, and urinary tract disease) were more likely to show early indicators of kidney impairment at follow-up. Participants with these health conditions and normal kidney biomarker values at baseline had kidney test results at follow-up that were similar to results of study participants who did not have these health conditions at baseline. The presence or absence of elevated biomarkers at baseline among generally healthy participants was not associated with the development of early indicators of kidney impairment at follow-up. This longitudinal study confirmed the utility of these four kidney biomarker tests as markers of preclinical organ dysfunction among adults with certain preexisting medical conditions.
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PMID:Confirming the utility of four kidney biomarker tests in a longitudinal follow-up study. 1457 88

High urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) has been associated with the presence of atherosclerotic vascular damages and is an independent risk factor for all causes of death and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in essential hypertensive patients. Serum cystatin C (s-CC) is a recently identified nonglycosylated 13-kD basic protein that has been suggested to be a useful marker of glomerular filtration rate. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between s-CC level and end-organ damages in the kidney, heart, and vessels of patients with essential hypertension. Sixty patients with essential hypertension participated in the present study. Patients with renal failure were excluded. Serum-CC level was measured by a particle-enhanced turbidimetric assay. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and intima media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid arteries were evaluated by ultrasound images. Twenty-four-hour blood pressure was measured by a cuff-oscillometric method. Serum-CC level was negatively correlated with creatinine clearance (r=-0.617, p<0.0001). It was also correlated with mean 24-h systolic blood pressure (24h-SBP) (r=0.308, p= 0.0167), LVMI (r=0.528, p<0.0001), and IMT (r=0.539, p<0.0001). Both AER and s-CC level were independently associated with mean 24h-SBP. AER but not s-CC level was associated with HDL-cholesterol. The present study was the first to demonstrate that s-CC level is a useful and convenient parameter of renal function, and may also prove to be an early marker of the severity of end-organ damage in patients with essential hypertension.
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PMID:Serum cystatin C level is a marker of end-organ damage in patients with essential hypertension. 1471 81

Prevention of contrast agent-induced nephropathy is of crucial importance for a number of diagnostic studies. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) was recently reported to decrease serum creatinine levels in this setting, and its administration before radiocontrast medium administration has been widely recommended. The objective of this prospective study was to investigate whether there are effects of NAC on serum creatinine levels that are independent of alterations in GFR. Volunteers with normal renal function who did not receive radiocontrast medium were studied. Fifty healthy volunteers completed the study protocol. NAC was administered orally at a dose of 600 mg every 12 h, for a total of four doses. Surrogate markers of renal function, such as serum creatinine, urea, albumin, and cystatin C levels, were measured and estimated GFR (eGFR) was assessed immediately before the administration of NAC and 4 and 48 h after the last dose. There was a significant decrease in the mean serum creatinine concentration (P < 0.05) and a significant increase in the eGFR (P < 0.02) 4 h after the last dose of NAC. The cystatin C concentrations did not change significantly. In several studies, a protective effect of NAC on renal function after radiocontrast medium administration has been postulated. This is the first study to demonstrate an effect of NAC on creatinine levels and eGFR, surrogate markers of renal injury, without any effect on cystatin C levels. Before renoprotective effects of NAC against contrast agent-induced nephropathy are considered, the direct effects of NAC on creatinine levels, urea levels, and eGFR should be assessed.
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PMID:The value of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of radiocontrast agent-induced nephropathy seems questionable. 1474 87


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