Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01034 (cystatin C)
 3,397 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is well-known that inflammation plays a role in atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque progression, and acute coronary syndrome. Inflammatory cells, and cytokines and other biomolecules are implicated in these processes, and have, therefore, been investigated as potential markers of atherosclerotic plaque progression and cardiovascular disease risk. The best characterized and most widely studied is C-reactive protein. However, its role in the clinical setting is still debated. Emerging novel biomarkers that may provide information complementary to that derived from C-reactive protein include pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, and cystatin C. This article focuses on the potential value of these three new markers in patients with coronary heart disease, and their use as markers of disease risk in apparently healthy individuals.
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PMID:[Inflammation, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk: PAPP-A, Lp-PLA2 and cystatin C. New insights or redundant information?]. 1671 49

Cystatin C, an endogenous low-molecular-weight marker of glomerular filtration rate, has recently been shown to be associated with future cardiovascular disease in healthy elderly populations and patients with documented atherosclerosis in a dose-dependent manner that possibly reflects a very early stage of chronic renal dysfunction. At the same time, local cystatin C deficiency has been demonstrated in atherosclerotic and aneurismal lesions, suggesting a protective role of cystatin C in the vessel wall, possibly in concert with TGF-beta1. Although cystatin C is not an acute phase reactant, large epidemiological studies have documented a highly significant association between serum cystatin C and mildly increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, the hallmark of the chronic inflammatory state associated with atherosclerosis and chronic renal failure. Since cystatin C is produced by all nucleated cells, it is unlikely that local variations in cystatin C synthesis in diseased arteries--rather than global cystatin C production and renal elimination--should determine its serum concentration. Consequently, the present review proposes microinflammation as the unifying concept for both lines of evidence.
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PMID:Cystatin C, kidney function and cardiovascular disease. 1683 82

Inflammatory markers are elevated in persons with estimated glomerular filtration rates less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. As cystatin C may detect small changes in kidney function not detected by estimated glomerular filtration rate, we evaluated the association between cystatin C and serum markers of inflammation in older adults with estimated glomerular filtration rate >or=60. This is an analysis using measures from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, a cohort of well-functioning adults aged 70-79 years. Cystatin C correlated with all five inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein (r=0.08), interleukin-6 (r=0.19), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (r=0.41), soluble TNF receptor 1 (STNF-R1) (r=0.61), and soluble TNF receptor 2 (STNF-R2) (r=0.54); P<0.0005 for all. In adjusted analyses, cystatin C concentrations appeared to have stronger associations with each biomarker compared with estimated glomerular filtration rate or serum creatinine. Participants with a cystatin C>or=1.0 mg/l had significantly higher levels of all five biomarkers compared to those with a cystatin C<1.0 (mean differences ranging 16-29%, all P<0.05). Cystatin C has a linear association with inflammatory biomarkers in an ambulatory elderly cohort with estimated glomerular filtration rates >or=60; associations are particularly strong with TNF-alpha and the STNF-R.
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PMID:Kidney function and markers of inflammation in elderly persons without chronic kidney disease: the health, aging, and body composition study. 1718 46

The aim of this study was to compare apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as markers for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in elderly men. We analyzed serum ApoA1, ApoB, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C in a group of 77-year-old men (n = 785). The results were correlated with data from the Swedish cause of death registry. Receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that, of the studied serum markers, ApoA1 was the best predictor for ischemic heart disease mortality (area under the curve = 0.724, 95% confidence interval, 0.691-0.755). There were also significant correlations between the apolipoproteins and other known risk markers for cardiovascular disease such as triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and cystatin C. Serum ApoA1 is a better risk marker than are ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, HDL-C, and LDL-C for cardiovascular disease and mortality in elderly men.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein A1 is a stronger prognostic marker than are HDL and LDL cholesterol for cardiovascular disease and mortality in elderly men. 1723 19

Serum cystatin C (CysC) has been proposed as a potentially superior marker for the evaluation of renal function because it was more sensitive and accurate for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than other markers. We evaluated the clinical usefulness of CysC in diabetic nephropathy. The study was performed on 414 Japanese diabetic patients. We compared serum CysC levels with serum creatinine levels, urinary concentrations of albumin, transferrin and type IV collagen, and creatinine clearance (Ccr). Then, the correlation between serum CysC levels and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (H-CRP) levels were examined. When the patients were classified by renal function, 19% of the patients were free from nephropathy, 49% had microalbuminuria, 28% had persistent proteinuria, and 4% had end stage renal disease. The serum CysC levels increased with the progression of nephropathy, and significantly higher in overt nephropathy, but not significant in early nephropathy. Serum CysC levels were well-correlated with H-CRP levels in the patients without nephropathy. These results indicate that serum CysC would be practical for the evaluation of renal function in diabetic patients with overt nephropathy but not early nephropathy and might be related with a risk for cardiovascular events in patients without nephropathy.
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PMID:Serum cystatin C in diabetic patients. Not only an indicator for renal dysfunction in patients with overt nephropathy but also a predictor for cardiovascular events in patients without nephropathy. 1798 Sep 29

This article comments on the role of the most important biochemical markers that are already applied in clinical practice or are still under research, in Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). Cardiac troponin (cTn) is established as the 'gold standard' in the diagnosis of ACS. C-reactive protein (CRP) and especially high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) are considered to be the most useful inflammatory markers for clinical practice in the setting of acute coronary syndrome. Brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the amino terminal fragment of the prohormone BNP (NT-proBNP) appear to provide prognostic information in individuals admitted for acute coronary syndromes. Microalbuminuria in nondiabetics appears to be a signal from the kidney that the vasculature, particularly the endothelium, is not functioning properly. Increased plasma levels of cystatin C, neopterin, myeloperoxidase, and pregnancy associated protein are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death, and possibly cerebrovascular disease. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that serum levels of CD40-CD40L pathway exert important roles in progression, and outcome of acute coronary syndrome. In the future further, studies are necessary to elucidate the exact role of the new biochemical markers in ACS.
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PMID:New biochemical markers in acute coronary syndromes. 1853 8

Cystatin C is considered an indicator of acute renal failure and also a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. This study was undertaken to examine the relationship of serum cystatin C with C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, and lipid-related compounds in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Cystatin C, CRP, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A1 and B were analyzed in serum of 30 patients on HD for 118 +/- 18 months with low-flux dialyzers, before and after HD. The results were compared with those obtained by 21 healthy individuals (NC). Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of cystatin C concentration before HD with clinical and laboratory parameters. The results showed that cystatin C before HD was not associated with age, body mass index (BMI), or duration of HD. However, it was significantly correlated with creatinine (r = 0.435, p = 0.021) and albumin (r = 0.483, p = 0.009) concentrations. Moreover, a highly significant association was shown with logCRP (r = 0.692, p < 0.0001). Among the lipid and lipid-related compounds studied, a significant correlation was found between cystatin C and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations (r = 0.402, p = 0.034). None of those correlations were observed in the NC group. In conclusion, it seems that cystatin C levels before HD are related with CRP, an important inflammatory factor, and also with apolipoprotein A1, which has been proved to accelerate the atherosclerosis process. However more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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PMID:Relationship of serum cystatin C with C-reactive protein and apolipoprotein A1 in patients on hemodialysis. 1870 20

Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is elevated in elderly patients with mental illness compared to control subjects. There are many different determinants of plasma tHcy concentration, including the presence of vascular disease. The presence of vascular disease may contribute to cognitive impairment. Clarification of the role of vascular risk factors in mental illness is important because most are modifiable, in contrast to other risk factors, such as age and genetics. In this review, we summarize the findings of our investigations of vascular disease and plasma tHcy level in elderly patients with mental illness. Elevated plasma tHcy concentration in elderly patients with mental illness was mainly associated with the presence of vascular disease and was not related to the specific psychogeriatric diagnosis. Furthermore, it seems possible that the control of conventional vascular risk factors could be guided by the level of plasma tHcy, serum cystatin C, serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and serum C-reactive protein.
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PMID:Plasma homocysteine and vascular disease in elderly patients with mental illness. 1884 7

Today, eggs with an increased content of -3 fatty acids are available but there are few publications on the effects of consumption of such eggs on the lipoproteins and acute phase markers in humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of consumption of standard eggs and -3 enriched eggs on lipoproteins, glucose and inflammation markers. Nineteen healthy volunteers consumed one extra egg per day of either standard eggs or omega-3 enriched eggs in a double-blind, cross-over study. The duration of each period was 1 month. The effects of the different egg diets on apolipoprotein A1 and B (Apo A1 and B), lipoprotein (a), creatinine, cystatin C, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid protein A, interleukin 6, triglycerides, glucose, total-, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipo-protein cholesterol concentrations were analyzed. Addition of one regular egg per day to the normal diet had no negative impact on blood lipids or inflammation markers. Consumption of omega-3 enriched eggs resulted in higher levels of ApoA1, lower ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and lower plasma glucose. These effects have been associated in previous studies with a reduced risk for cardiovascular mortality and diabetes.
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PMID:Biochemical effects of consumption of eggs containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 1899 Dec 44

Cystatin C is an endogenous glomerular filtration marker hence its serum level is affected by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To study what other factors might affect it blood level we performed a cross-sectional analysis of 3418 patients which included a pooled dataset of clinical trial participants and a clinical population with chronic kidney disease. The serum cystatin C and creatinine levels were related to clinical and biochemical parameters and errors-in-variables models were used to account for errors in GFR measurements. The GFR was measured as the urinary clearance of 125I-iothalamate and 51Cr-EDTA. Cystatin C was determined at a single laboratory while creatinine was standardized to reference methods and these were 2.1+/-1.1 mg/dL and 1.8+/-0.8 mg/L, respectively. After adjustment for GFR, cystatin C was 4.3% lower for every 20 years of age, 9.2% lower for female gender but only 1.9% lower in blacks. Diabetes was associated with 8.5% higher levels of cystatin C and 3.9% lower levels of creatinine. Higher C-reactive protein and white blood cell count and lower serum albumin were associated with higher levels of cystatin C and lower levels of creatinine. Adjustment for age, gender and race had a greater effect on the association of factors with creatinine than cystatin C. Hence, we found that cystatin C is affected by factors other than GFR which should be considered when the GFR is estimated using serum levels of cystatin C.
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PMID:Factors other than glomerular filtration rate affect serum cystatin C levels. 1964 87


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