Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01034 (cystatin C)
 3,397 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We determined the relationship between the levels of serum cystatin C or creatinine (s-Cr) and the grade of creatinine clearance (CCr) in patients with various glomerular diseases. Serum samples from 96 patients with glomerular diseases were obtained from our hospital. The levels of serum cystatin C were measured using the Dade Behring Cystatin C assay with the automated Dade Behring Nephelometer II (BNII). CCr levels were classified into six groups according to the Guidelines of the Japanese Society of Nephrology as follows: grade 1 (normal renal function); grade 2 (slight decrease of renal function); grade 3 (moderate decrease of renal function); grade 4 (severe decrease of renal function); grade 5 (renal failure), and grade 6 (uremia). The mean levels of serum cystatin C in grade 3 patients were significantly higher than those in grade 1. The mean levels of serum cystatin C in grades 4, 5 and 6 patients were also significantly higher than those in grade 1. However, the mean levels of serum Cr in grade 3 patients were not significantly higher than those in grade 1. The levels of s-Cr in grades 4, 5 or 6 patients were significantly higher than those in grade 1. In this study, an increase of serum cystatin C levels occurred earlier than that of s-Cr in various glomerular diseases. It appears that the levels of serum cystatin C may provide early prognostic marker of patients with various glomerular diseases rather than the levels of s-Cr.
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PMID:Serum cystatin C is a more sensitive marker of glomerular function than serum creatinine. 1218 9

It is commonly not appreciated that kidney failure is predominantly a disease of older people and that the use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) amongst these patients is increasing rapidly. It is still unclear whether the decline in kidney function with increasing age represents pathology or is part of the normal ageing process. Conventional laboratory approaches to the assessment of kidney function in older people are inadequate, but the use of calculated clearance formulae and serum cystatin C can enable the earlier detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in this population. This could facilitate treatment aimed at reducing the progression of kidney disease in older people and improved management of its secondary complications.
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PMID:Kidney function in older people: pathology, assessment and management. 1286 74

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of beta-trace protein (BTP), a low molecular weight (MW) protein, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR and serum levels of BTP, and for comparison creatinine (Creat), cystatin C (Cys) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), were measured in 60 patients, with renal function ranging from normality to advanced renal failure. Serum levels of BTP progressively increased with the reduction of GFR. A good correlation was found between GFR and serum levels of BTP (r=0.918), Creat (r=0.932), Cys (r=0.937), and beta 2M (r=0.924). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found between BTP and Creat, Cys, beta 2M, as indicators of a moderate GFR impairment. These preliminary data indicate that BTP might be suitable as an indicator of GFR.
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PMID:Serum levels of beta-trace protein and glomerular filtration rate--preliminary results. 1290

We determined the relationship between levels of serum cystatin C or serum creatinine (s-Cr) and prognostic stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Serum samples from 174 patients with type 2 diabetes were obtained from Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo and Juntendo Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan. They were classified into four groups according to the Report of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan as follows: Stage I (normoalbuminuric stage), Stage II (microalbuminuric stage), Stage IIIA (macroalbuminuric stage without renal dysfunction), Stage IIIB (macroalbuminuric stage with renal dysfunction), and Stage IV (renal failure stage). Among these patients, 68 were Stage I, 29 Stage II, 32 Stage IIIA, 17 Stage IIIB, and 28 Stage IV. The levels of serum cystatin C were measured using the Dade Behring Cystatin C assay with automated Dade Behring Nephelometer II (BNII) (Dade Behring Marburg GmbH, Germany). The mean levels of serum cystatin C in Stage IIIA were significantly higher than those in Stage I or II (P<0.00001, P<0.0005, respectively). The mean levels of serum cystatin C in Stage IIIB and Stage IV were also significantly higher than those in Stage I (P<0.00001). However, the mean levels of serum creatinine (s-Cr) in Stage IIIA were not significantly higher than those in Stage I or II. The levels of s-Cr in Stage IIIB and Stage IV were significantly higher than those in Stage I (P<0.00001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) of cystatin C (0.76) was greater than that of s-Cr (0.66). As an early prognostic marker of type 2 diabetic nephropathy, serum cystatin C was better than s-Cr in terms of sensitivity and specificity. It appears that the levels of serum cystatin C may predict early prognostic stages of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Serum cystatin C may predict the early prognostic stages of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. 1473 May 60

We compared cystatin C, creatinine, and the Cockroft formula for assessment of early renal failure, defined as a (51)Cr-EDTA clearance < 80 mL/min, in 89 diabetic patients with various degrees of renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], 11.4 to 196.5 mL/min). The relationships between cystatin C, creatinine, and (51)Cr-EDTA clearance were linearized by plotting the reciprocals of the values, and correlation coefficients were determined. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of early renal failure were calculated from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Over the whole population, cystatin C was as well correlated with GFR (r =.74) as was creatinine (r =.67) or the Cockroft formula (r =.88). Moreover, its diagnostic accuracy was comparable to that of the 2 other parameters. Its sensitivity (86.8%) was better than that of creatinine (77.4%) for screening GFR < 80 mL/min, although the Cockroft formula was more sensitive (96.2%). The study of albuminuric diabetics (n = 63) led to similar conclusions, except for a poor sensitivity of cystatin C. In the 36 patients whose plasma creatinine was < 1 mg/dL, 10 (27.7%) had GFR < 80 mL/min. The correlation of creatinine with GFR, its diagnostic accuracy, and sensitivity were significantly lower than those of cystatin C. In this population of patients with normal creatinine levels, the correlation coefficient of cystatin C, its sensitivity, and its diagnostic accuracy were comparable to those of the Cockroft formula. A moderate reduction in GFR may be present in diabetic patients with low creatinine levels. Although Cockroft formula remains the most reliable and the less expensive tool for the evaluation of renal function, cystatin C is a more reliable criterion for screening and assessment than creatinine and represents a useful alternative to the Cockcroft-Gault formula.
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PMID:Interest of cystatin C in screening diabetic patients for early impairment of renal function. 1456 76

High urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) has been associated with the presence of atherosclerotic vascular damages and is an independent risk factor for all causes of death and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in essential hypertensive patients. Serum cystatin C (s-CC) is a recently identified nonglycosylated 13-kD basic protein that has been suggested to be a useful marker of glomerular filtration rate. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between s-CC level and end-organ damages in the kidney, heart, and vessels of patients with essential hypertension. Sixty patients with essential hypertension participated in the present study. Patients with renal failure were excluded. Serum-CC level was measured by a particle-enhanced turbidimetric assay. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and intima media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid arteries were evaluated by ultrasound images. Twenty-four-hour blood pressure was measured by a cuff-oscillometric method. Serum-CC level was negatively correlated with creatinine clearance (r=-0.617, p<0.0001). It was also correlated with mean 24-h systolic blood pressure (24h-SBP) (r=0.308, p= 0.0167), LVMI (r=0.528, p<0.0001), and IMT (r=0.539, p<0.0001). Both AER and s-CC level were independently associated with mean 24h-SBP. AER but not s-CC level was associated with HDL-cholesterol. The present study was the first to demonstrate that s-CC level is a useful and convenient parameter of renal function, and may also prove to be an early marker of the severity of end-organ damage in patients with essential hypertension.
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PMID:Serum cystatin C level is a marker of end-organ damage in patients with essential hypertension. 1471 81

Plasma cystatin C, a new marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), was prospectively evaluated in surgical intensive care. Cystatin C was measured (immunonephelometry, Dade-Behring) in 10 patients selected to cover a full range of GFR (phase I) and in 28 unselected consecutive patients followed for 5 days post-admission (phase II). Results were compared with (51)Cr-EDTA clearance (phase I only), plasma creatinine (kinetic Jaffe, Roche), 24-h or estimated by Cockcroft and Gault (CG) creatinine clearance (CrCl), and modified diet in renal disease (MDRD)-estimated GFR. In phase I, the highest correlation with(51)Cr-EDTA clearance (22-198 mL/min) was noted for CG CrCl (r(2): 0.883, p<0.001). During phase II follow-up, 24-h CrCl could not be calculated in 25% of daily evaluations. Cystatin C correlated with creatinine (0.856, p<0.0001) and CG CrCl with MDRD GFR (0.926, p<0.0001) in renal failure (10-78 mL/min, n=60). There was a +40% (p<0.001) median difference between cystatin C and creatinine (as a % of upper normal cut-off). Sensitivity/specificity to detect a <80 mL/min CG CrCl was 88/97% for cystatin C vs. 48/100% for creatinine (laboratory cut-off). In patients with normal and stable renal function (n=14), day-to-day intra-individual variation was 7.4% for cystatin C (vs. 10.6% for creatinine). In intensive care unit surgical adult patients, CG CrCl provides an easy and cost-effective estimate of GFR. Superior to creatinine, plasma cystatin C can be measured in selected patients where CG CrCl is known to be inaccurate.
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PMID:Evaluation of renal function in intensive care: plasma cystatin C vs. creatinine and derived glomerular filtration rate estimates. 1617 76

We determined the sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristics and correlation between cystatin C (cysC) and two widely used markers of renal function, creatinine clearance and serum creatinine, in 244 patients (84 diabetics, 84 hypertensive and 76 healthy subjects). Renal failure was defined as creatinine clearance of less than either 80 or 60 mL/min. Variables were evaluated for two definitions of renal failure and compared between patient groups. Correlation coefficients with cysC were -0.87 for creatinine clearance and 0.92 for creatinine in patients with hypertension; -0.90 for creatinine clearance and 0.97 for creatinine in diabetics; and -0.61 for creatinine clearance and 0.94 for creatinine in the control group. The receiver operating characteristic curves with a cut-off value of 60 mL/min were similar for creatinine and cysC, while at 80 mL/min they were 0.626 for creatinine and 0.813 for cysC levels. We classified the patients into three groups with respect to creatinine clearance (1, >80 mL/min; 2, 60-80 mL/min; 3, <60 mL/min). Mean creatinine (p<0.0001) and cysC (p<0.0001) levels were significantly different between all the groups. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were higher for cysC levels, particularly in diabetics and hypertensive patients. The current study suggests that cysC is preferable for detecting temporal changes in renal function in the early stages of renal insufficiency.
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PMID:The efficacy of cystatin C assay in the prediction of glomerular filtration rate. Is it a more reliable marker for renal failure? 1620 97

The use of marker-peptides, measured by LC-MS/MS, is investigated for the quantitative analysis of proteins. To that end, cystatin C is chosen as a model protein. It not only functions as a proof of concept protein but the growing interest in cystatin C as a new marker of kidney failure provides a practical application at the same time. The use of trypsin-based proteolysis, to obtain so-called marker-peptides, simplifies the quantification of a protein to the quantification of a single or a number of peptides. Reproducibility of the trypsin proteolysis procedure is vital and has been optimised. A number of the marker-peptides obtained are selected for LC-MS(/MS) analysis. They are completely separated by high-pressure LC allowing maximum selectivity and mass spectrometric multiple reaction monitoring sensitivity. By doing so, linear calibration curves can be obtained for cystatin C over two orders of magnitude. Experiments have been performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer by single ion monitoring (maximum sensitivity) as well as by multiple reaction monitoring (maximum specificity).
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PMID:The use of tryptic marker-peptides for the quantitative analysis of cystatin C. 1622 71

Progressive renal failure is one of the main complications in HbS/beta-thalassemia (HbS/beta-thal). Early identification of patients at high risk of developing renal failure is of great importance as it may allow specific measures to delay the progression of renal damage and thus reduce the incidence of end-stage renal failure and mortality. Early predictors of renal impairment in HbS/beta-thal remain to explore. Within this context, we studied 87 compound HbS/beta-thal patients (36 males/51 females; median age 39 years) and 30 healthy controls. In addition to conventional renal biochemistries we measured serum cystatin-C (Cys-C), urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion and serum and urinary beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-M). Cystatin-C, NAG and serum beta(2)-M levels were higher in patients than controls. The incidence of patients with high levels of Cys-C, NAG, and beta(2)-M was 32.1, 74.7, and 70.1% respectively, while only 6.8% of patients had increased serum creatinine levels. Cystatin-C and serum beta(2)-M showed a strong correlation with creatinine clearance and age, while NAG positively correlated with proteinuria. An inverse correlation was also shown between hemoglobin and beta(2)-M, NAG, and Cys-C levels. Seven patients with proteinuria received therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Changes of poteinuria positively correlated with NAG levels. These results indicate that Cys-C is an accurate marker of renal dysfunction, and urinary NAG excretion can be considered as a reliable index of the tubular toxicity, and possible predictor of proteinuria and eventual renal impairment in HbS/beta-thal patients. Furthermore, NAG measurement may be used for monitoring ACE-inhibitors therapy in HbS/beta-thal patients with proteinuria.
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PMID:Early markers of renal dysfunction in patients with sickle cell/beta-thalassemia. 1672 88


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