Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P00790 (PGA)
 2,475 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Future surgical strategies to restore neurological function in peripheral nerve loss may involve replacement of nerve tissue with cultured Schwann cells using biodegradable guiding implants. Random copolymers of trimethylene carbonate and epsilon caprolactone (P(epsilonCL-TMC), 50: 50) have been synthesized by ring opening polymerization using rare earth alkoxides as initiator. Their potential use as nerve guide repairs has been assessed through indirect and direct in vitro biocompatibility tests and in vivo soft tissue response to EDI subclass macrophages. In vitro, we exposed monolayers of human skin fibroblasts and an established continuous cell line (Hela) to liquid extracts (either pure or diluted in the culture medium) of epsilonCL-TMC copolymer including positive (phenol) and negative controls. Then, colorimetric assays (Neutral red and MTT) were performed. The extracts of epsilonCL-TMC induced no significant cytotoxic effect. We also exposed in vitro Schwann cells to pieces of P(epsilonCL-TMC) and P(LA-GA) copolymers. We evaluated cell attachment at 1 and 3 h by measuring the activity of the lysosomal enzyme (N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase) and cell proliferation at 1, 3, 6 and 9 days by measuring the cell metabolic activity (MTT assay). Values for attachment slightly decreased between 1 and 3 h but were significantly higher than on agars (negative control). Cells plated on epsilonCL-TMC showed a rate of proliferation comparable with that of normalized controls and higher than on PGA-PLA at day 9. Finally, we evaluated in vivo the soft tissue response after implantation of cylindrical tubes of P(epsilonCL-TMC) and P(LA-GA) copolymers with an immunohistochemistry staining procedure for the newly recruited ED1 macrophages. An image analysis system automatically measured the optical density of labelled positive ED1 cells at 9, 21 and 60 days after implantation. epsilonCL-TMC copolymer showed a mild soft tissue reaction with no adverse chronic inflammatory reaction. These data allowed us to consider this conduit as a potential effective substitute in nerve repair. El sevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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PMID:Study of a (trimethylenecarbonate-co-epsilon-caprolactone) polymer--part 2: in vitro cytocompatibility analysis and in vivo ED1 cell response of a new nerve guide. 1157 69

It has been proposed that overall gambling involvement has a stronger association with problem gambling (PG) than any specific game type. However, few studies have used multiple analytic approaches on the same data set to assess these relationships. The aims of the current study were to identify patterns of gambling activity (PGAs) and to assess the relationships between different game types, PGAs, gambling involvement, and PG as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), using two different approaches. In a sample of Swedish gamblers who screened their gambling habits at the Swedish national gambling helpline website (N = 7,463, 79% males), seven different PGAs were identified. Increased gambling involvement was associated with PG severity, and the strength of the association varied by game type. Online casino games and electronic gambling machines had the weakest involvement effect and lotteries the strongest. Almost 50% of the gamblers belonged to the online casino PGA, characterized by online casino gambling. Gamblers in this PGA showed higher PGSI scores compared to three PGAs: online sports/online casino, horse/lottery, and online sports, and they had lower PGSI scores compared to the diverse PGA, characterized by engagement in all game types. No differences in PGSI scores were found between gamblers in three PGAs with high probability of online casino gambling but with varying engagement levels in other game types. In a Swedish context, the results from this study indicate that the focus of prevention and regulation should be on game types with the strongest associations with PG, namely, online casino games. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Gambler clusters and problem gambling severity: A cluster analysis of Swedish gamblers accessing an online problem gambling screener. 3261 6