Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P00790 (PGA)
 2,475 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metiamide was given orally in one dose of 200 mg in 23 sutdies in patients with duodenal ulcer, 4 in the basal state, 11 during histamine infusion, and 8 before insulin hypoglycemia stimulation. In the latter 8 patients insulin was given at another time without metiamide. In 17 studies acid secretion was suppressed by metiamide--up to 75% in the basal state, 53% after histamine, and 80% after insulin. Pepsin secretion was reduced to the same extent as H+ in the histamine studies but not in the basal (57%) or insulin (44%) studies, so that in the latter pepsin/acid ratios were 3-fold greater than in controls. Blood levels of metiamide were measured in 17 studies. In 10 out of 11 who showed inhibition of 40% or more, peak blood levels of metiamide were 0.45 mug/ml to 1.25 mug/ml. In 5 of 6 who did not show inhibition, blood levels were 0.05-0.4 mug/ml; in the sixth it was 0.8 mug/ml. Therefore a critical blood level for suppression of basal or stimulated secretion appears to be approximately 0.45 mug/ml.
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PMID:Inhibition of basal and stimulated gastric H+ and pepsin secretion in duodenal ulcer patients by metiamide, an H-2 histamine antagonist. 78 30

Human nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, obtained at autopsy from patients 7-30 years of age, were extracted with 2 M guanidine-HCl (pH 5.82) to remove proteoglycans, then stirred with pepsin in 0.5 M acetic acid, followed by three 24-h extractions with 1 M NaCl (pH 7.5) and one 24-h extraction with 2 M KSCN (potassium thiocyanate) (pH 7.2). Pepsin and NaCl solubilized an average of about 30% of nucleus pulposus collagen and 18% of annulus fibrosus collagen. KSCN extracted a further 34% of nucleus pulposus collagen and only 4% of annulus fibrosus collagen. CM-cellulose chromatography of nucleus and annulus collagen purified from the pepsin, NaCl and KSCN supernatants consistently revealed only one peak, always appearing slightly ahead of the alpha1 position for rat tail tendon type I collagen. Polyacrylamide and SDS-gel electrophoresis consistently revealed only one band with the mobility of alpha1 chains. Amino acid composition of collagen from nucleus and annulus is comparable to those of mammalian and avian cartilage type II collagen, and distinctly different from those of rat tail tendonand guinea pig skin type I collagens. Periodate oxidation of nucleus and annulus collagens showed that 81% and 67%, respectively, of the hydroxylysine residues survive treatment, compared to 71% for bovine articular cartilage collagen and 17% for guinea pig skin collagen. Total hexose analysis revealed 1.8 muM and 2.0 muM hexose per muM periodate-stable hydroxylysine in nucleus and annulus collagens, respectively. Ion exchange chromatography showed the presence of glucose and galactose in a ratio of 0.92:1 in nucleas collagen and 1.07:1 in annulus collagen. Pepsin-solubilized, NaCl-extracted collagen from nucleus and annulus formed native-type fibrils in vitro. The banding patterns of ATP-induced segment-long-spacing precipitates of nucleus and annulus collagens were identical to each other and indistinguishable from those of cartilage (type II) collagen, but distinctly different from those of rat tail tendon (type I) collagen. These data suggest that the collagen which can be extracted after limited pepsin attack of human nucleus and annulus is of the form [alpha1 (II)]3.
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PMID:Pepsin-solubilized collagen of human nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. 78 25

Absorbable corneal sutures of PGA monofilaments were tested in rabbit eyes. Compared to chromic collagen 8/0 the sutures were tolerated well, but the absorption time of 14.6 days is considered as being too short for corneal surgery.
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PMID:Absorption time of PGA monofilaments and collagen 8/0 in corneal sutures. 79 Sep 12

In addition to its well known prohypertensive role in various states of experimental and human hypertension, the kidney has also been shown to exert an antihypertensive "endocrine" function. According to this hypothesis, certain forms of experimental and human hypertension might not solely be the result of an excess in the activity of such renal pressor systems as the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system, but might also result from an absolute or relative deficiency of intra-renal vasodilator antihypertensive factors which might allow pressor systems to act unopposed to produce peripheral arteriolar vasoconstriction and sustained hypertension. At least four factors have been characterized in the kidney of various animal species and man which might be responsible for such an antihypertensive function. These are (1) the renomedullary prostaglandins (PGs), (2) the renomedullary antihypertensive neutral lipid, (3) antirenin phospholipid and (4) the renal kinins. This review is restricted to an examination of the possibility that the vasodepressor renomedullary prostaglandins (PGA and/or PGE) may, at least in part, mediate the so-called antihypertensive function of the kidney and participate in the regulation of renal blood flow and natriuresis by physiologic antagonism of various renal vasoconstrictor stimuli such as the renal renin-angiotensin and the sympathetic nervous systems.
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PMID:Renal prostaglandins and the regulation of blood pressure and sodium and water homeostasis. 79 89

Pepsin chromatography was studied on peptide ligand sorbents, differing in the length of the polypeptide chains, ionogenic groups and the nature of hydrophobic side groups. Pepsin sorption was found to be dependent of a specific interaction of the substrate analogs with the enzyme and ionic interactions with the matrix and ionogenic groups of the ligand. Non-specific hydrophobic interactions of the enzyme and the ligand have little effect on the sorption. Efficient methods for the isolation of pepsin and separation of the mixture of bovine chymosin and pepsin are described.
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PMID:[Biospecific chromatography of acid proteinases. The role of ionic and hydrophobic interactions]. 79 6

The DNA content of lymphocytes and of basal cells from normal hairless mouse epidermis was measured by microflow fluorometry (MFF). To obtain a relatively pure suspension of epidermal basal cells a combined mechanical and enzymatic method was used. The admixture of differentiating cells into the basal cell fraction after cell separation was 13%. The results were compared with those obtained with conventional Feulgen microspectrophotometry applied to basal cells and dermal lymphocytes in histologic sections. The results from both cytophotometric methods were in good agreement and clearly demonstrated the improved resolution obtained by using microflow fluorometry. When the lymphocytes were not treated with pepsin before being stained with ethidium bromide for MFF, the modal DNA value was consistently below that of the basal cells from the same specimen. Pepsin treatment of lymphocytes, however, increased their fluorescence intensity to the value of epidermal basal cells. The modal DNA value of Feulgen-stained dermal lymphocytes in histologic sections was consistently below that of epidermal basal cells from the same section. The advantage of pepsin treatment for obtaining higher resolution of DNA measurements of basal and differentiating epidermal cells and of lymphocytes was evaluated. The cell cycle distribution of basal cells from epidermis in different states of proliferative activity was determined. Changes in the proportion of cells in S phase were parallel to changes in the 3H-Tdr labeling index.
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PMID:Separation of mouse epidermal basal and differentiating cells for microflow fluorometric measurements: a methodologic study. 82 57

Five pepsinogens were purified from gastric mucosa of Japanese monkey by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Each was shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. They were designated as pepsinogens I, II, III-1, III-2, and III-3, respectively, based on the elution profile on DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The molecular weights of pepsinogens I and II were 48,000 and 43,000, respectively, and those of the other three were 40,000. Each pepsinogen was converted to pepsin [EC 3.4.23.1] by acidification, and some characteristics, e.g. the pH dependence of activity, sensitivity to various inhibitors, stability to alkali, and hydrolytic activity toward N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine (APDT), were determined. The characteristics of pepsins I and II were the same, and those of pepsins III-1, III-2, and III-3 were similar. Pepsin III-3 showed high stability to alkali (pH 8.0), while the others were less stable. Each pepsin hydrolyzed APDT and was inhibited by acid protease-specific inhibitors, e.g. pepstain, diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester (DAN), 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (EPNP), and p-bromophenacyl bromide. The compositions of pepsins I and II were the same, indicating that they are the same protein, and those of pepsins III-1, III-2, and III-3 resembled that of human pepsin. The diversity of pepsinogens and pepsins is discussed in comparison with pepsinogens and pepsins from other animals.
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PMID:Pepsinogens and pepsins from gastric mucosa of Japanese Monkey. Purification and characterization. 82 Jun 94

Experimental data now strongly suggest that the PGs, by nature of their natural local occurrence and destruction, powerful effects on, and release from lung tissue are important in regulating both pulmonary homeostasis and dysfunction. Laboratory studies on their activity, potency, duration, preferred route of administration, mechanism and possible antiallergic effects, have been largely substantiated in humans. Structure activity studies on a large number of congeners of PGE, PGF, and PGA emphasize the critical importance of stereochemistry and various substituent groups on biologic activity in the lung.
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PMID:Actions of prostaglandins on the respiratory tract of animals. 82 48

These studies were directed toward determining effects of selected vasoactive compounds on oxygenated erythrocytes. Considering the major circulatory effects that small changes in blood flow might initiate in sickle cell anemia patients, erythrocytes from individuals with this disease and from one person with the trait condition were included. PGA1, PGE1, and PGE2 significantly increase filtration times in normal erythrocytes (AA-type hemoglobin) at 10(-11) M by this method. From studies of the effects of L-epinephrine, D,L-isoproterenol, PGA1, PGA2, PGE1, PGE2, PGF1alpha and PGF2alpha on red blood cell filterabilities, the following observations and conclusions appear to hold: (1) Erythrocytes from different individuals (or from the same individual at different times) vary greatly in responses to these compounds. Effects of vasoactive compounds upon red cell filterability may be positive, negligible or negative. Decreased filterability (positive effect) was seen more frequently than increased. (2) Effects are observed with all compounds on some erythrocyte preparation at every concentration tested (10(-5), 10(-7), 10(-9), 10(-11) M). (3) Where epinephrine showed significant positive effect, PGA2 and PGE2 did also when tested. The reverse was not always true. (4) For PGA and PGE analogs, the subscript 2 analogs affected filterability more frequently. (5) When significant average effects for a group of donors were produced by a given compound at a particular concentration, these effects were positive for the donors studied.
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PMID:Examination of the filterability of oxygenated erythrocytes (containing normal, trait or sickle cell disease type hemoglobins) in the presence of L-epinephrine, D,L-isoproterenol or prostaglandins (PG) A1, A2, E1, E2, F1alpha or F2alpha. 84 33

It is recognized that the lung extracts norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine from the pulmonary circulation and that this process is affected by cardiopulmonary bypass. Since alterations in the lung's processing of vasoactive substances may be a mechanism of pulmonary injury sustained during operation, we investigated the lung's ability to extract or metabolize prostaglandin A1 (ga1) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE 1). Sixteen patients undergoing cardiac surgery were studied. In five patients, just before going on bypass, a 10 ml of blood was withdrawn at a constant rate, simultaneously from the pulmonary artery and left atrium. In 11 patients, 3H-PGE1 was injected just prior to bypass and, in five of these, again after coming off bypass. Extraction was calculated from tritium activity in the samples. Metabolites were quantitated by thin-layer chromatography after being identified by marker compounds run simultaneously in each chromatogram. The pulmonary extraction of PGA1 was 11.3 +/- 2.3% and there were no detectable metabolites in left atrial blood. Before bypass the extraction of PGE1 was 42.3 +/- 14.3% and after bypass 24.8 +/- 10.0% (P less than 0.005; Student's paired t test). PGE1 was extensively metabolized with 79.7 +/- 7.1% of total radioactivity appearing in the left atrium as metabolites before bypass and 89.1 +/- 2.0% appearing after bypass. This study indicates that PGA(1) is not metabolized by the lung and is only slightly extracted. On the other hand, PGE(1) is extensively extracted and metabolized. While the rate of metabolism is not significantly affected by cardiopulmonary bypass, the extractiom before bypass was significantly greater than after bypass.
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PMID:Fate of prostaglandins E(1) and A(1) in the human pulmonary circulation. 87 Oct 15


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