Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P00790 (PGA)
 2,475 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pepsin powder constitutes a health risk, potentially causing severe allergic reactions to those handling the chemical. A fluid pepsin formulation was produced and tested, first in a preliminary study and then in a ring trial encompassing four European National Reference Laboratories (NRLs). The purpose of each trial was to ascertain and compare the action of pepsin powder with that of the pepsin fluid for digesting meat and liberating encapsulated Trichinella spiralis larvae for subsequent counting. The quality of digestion was furthermore evaluated by assessing the visibility through the digestion fluid and the amount of debris remaining after digestion. For the ring trial, at each laboratory 20 blinded replicate 100-g samples of pork meat containing a known number of encapsulated T. spiralis larvae (0 to 30) were digested by the magnetic stirrer method using either the standard pepsin powder (10 samples) or the pepsin fluid (10 samples). With an average recovery rate of 70 to 80%, all NRLs found the pepsin fluid and pepsin powder to be equally effective. The NRLs also found no difference between the two pepsin formulations with regard to debris remnants or visibility through the digestion fluid. The use of pepsin fluid may therefore constitute an improvement of the digestion procedure for the analysts involved.
J Food Prot 2007 Dec
PMID:Evaluation of a fluid versus a powder pepsin formulation to detect Trichinella spiralis larvae in meat samples by a digestion technique. 1809 51

This study followed the performance of 35 professional golfers who played from 1997 to 2004 on the Professional Golfers Association Tour (PGA Tour) and investigated whether any players were prone to "choke" when placed in high-pressure situations. Choking was defined as a player having significantly higher than expected final round scores and being less likely than other professional golfers to win when in contention to win tournaments. Analysis yielded no support for a choking under pressure hypothesis. None of the players when in contention to win were both more likely to have higher than expected scores in the final round and less likely to win than other professional golfers in the sample. Limitations of the study were mentioned.
Percept Mot Skills 2007 Dec
PMID:A longitudinal study of "choking" in professional golfers. 1822 37

Pepsin-digested soy protein hydrolysate has been reported to be responsible for many of the physiological benefits associated with soy protein consumption. In the present study, we investigated the effects of soy protein hydrolysate with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential on the blood pressure and cardiovascular remodeling in rats with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced hypertension. Rats were fed a diet containing L-NAME (50 mg/kg body weight) with or without soy protein hydrolysate (1%, 3% or 5%) for 6 weeks. We found that ingestion of soy protein hydrolysate retarded the development of hypertension during the 6-week experimental period without affecting the amount of food intake. Although there was no difference in plasma ACE activity or tissue nitric oxide levels, ACE activity in the heart of rats consuming soy protein hydrolysate was significantly lower than that of the control group. Moreover, cardiac malonaldehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were also lower in the soy protein hydrolysate group. No difference in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level was found in plasma or cardiovascular tissue. In the histopathological analysis, we also found that soy protein hydrolysate ameliorated inflammation and left ventricle hypertrophy in the heart. These findings suggest that soy protein hydrolysate might not only improve the balance between circulating nitric oxide and renin-angiotensin system but also show beneficial effects on cardiovascular tissue through its ACE inhibitory activity.
J Nutr Biochem 2008 Dec
PMID:Soy protein hydrolysate ameliorates cardiovascular remodeling in rats with L-NAME-induced hypertension. 1847 99

The purpose of the study was to compare golf swing kinematics between female and male professional golfers, with particular focus on areas where different risks of injury exist and variables that may be related to driving distance. Twenty-five LPGA golfers and twenty-five PGA golfers were tested. Customized computer software was developed to analyze kinematic data obtained with an optoelectronic system at 240 Hz. At the peak of back swing, significant differences were found in trunk forward tilt (LPGA: 25 +/- 4 degrees and PGA: 31 +/- 4 degrees ), and in pelvis orientation (LPGA: 49 +/- 8 degrees and PGA: 42 +/- 7 degrees ). Significantly different pelvis rotation at the ball impact was found (LPGA: - 52 +/- 11 degrees and PGA: - 42 +/- 12 degrees ). The LPGA group produced significantly less angular velocities of the club shaft (2049 +/- 512 degrees /s), the left wrist (816 +/- 186 degrees /s), the right wrist (864 +/- 198 degrees /s) and the elbow extension (705 +/- 109 degrees /s) than the PGA group. The results of this study show there are differences in the swing mechanics for men and women at the professional level. Major differences were found at the wrist and elbow, where different incidences of injury were previously reported.
Int J Sports Med 2008 Dec
PMID:Swing kinematics for male and female pro golfers. 1856 77

An insertion sequence (IS), designated ISApl1, was identified in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. It was 1072 bp in length, and contained a large open reading frame (ORF), which encoded a putative transposase whose sequence was similar to that of transposases of various IS elements of the IS30 family. Another small ORF, a putative antisense repressor of transposase, was located in the opposite direction of transposase. ISApl1 generated a 3-bp duplication of the target DNA and carried 24-bp inverted repeats sequence. ISApl1 was identified in the genome of a biofilm-formation negative A. pleuropneumoniae strain field isolate HB04 and inserted into an A/T rich region of the ORF of pgaC, which encoded the PGA [N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in beta(1,6) linkage] synthesizing N-glycosyltransferase. The genotype of the pgaC(-)/IS(+) was not altered after re-isolation from challenged mice, which indicated that this IS element was relatively stable in A. pleuropneumoniae during infection.
Vet Microbiol 2008 Dec 10
PMID:Characterization of ISApl1, an insertion element identified from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolate in China. 1863 28

This work reports on the optimization of PGA production by Bacillus licheniformis NCIM 2324 in solid state fermentation (SSF). In the first step, the one factor-at-a-time method was used to investigate the effect of solid substrates, initial moisture content, pH, and additional carbon and nitrogen source on PGA production; subsequently, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to establish the optimum concentrations of the key nutrients for higher PGA production. In the second step, the effects of amino acids and TCA cycle intermediates on the production of PGA were studied. The final optimized medium gave a maximum yield of 98.64 +/- 1.61 mg gds(-1) of PGA, which is significantly higher than that reported in the literature.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008 Dec
PMID:Enhanced production of poly (gamma-glutamic acid) from Bacillus licheniformis NCIM 2324 in solid state fermentation. 1865 8

pH-Responsive nanoparticles composed of chitosan (CS) and poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) blended with tripolyphosphate (TPP) and MgSO(4) (multi-ion-crosslinked NPs) were prepared and characterized to determine their effectiveness in the oral delivery of insulin. Their counterparts without TPP and MgSO(4) (NPs) were used as a control. FT-IR and XRD results indicated that the spontaneous interaction between CS, insulin, gamma-PGA, MgSO(4) and TPP can form an ionically crosslinked network-structure, leading to the formation of nanoparticles. Multi-ion-crosslinked NPs were more compact than NPs, while their zeta potential values were comparable. During storage, multi-ion-crosslinked NPs suspended in deionized water were stable for at least 10 weeks. Multi-ion-crosslinked NPs had a superior stability over a broader pH range than NPs. In the in vitro release study, NPs failed to provide an adequate retention of loaded insulin in dissolution media compared to multi-ion-crosslinked NPs. Transepithelial-electrical-resistance and transport experiments demonstrated that multi-ion-crosslinked NPs significantly more effectively transported insulin than NPs; confocal visualization further validated the enhanced permeation of insulin via the paracellular pathway. The aforementioned results suggest that multi-ion-crosslinked NPs are a promising carrier for improved transmucosal delivery of insulin in the small intestine.
J Control Release 2008 Dec 08
PMID:Multi-ion-crosslinked nanoparticles with pH-responsive characteristics for oral delivery of protein drugs. 1881 21

Information from X-ray crystal structures were used to optimize the potency of a HTS hit in a Hsp90 competitive binding assay. A class of novel and potent small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors were thereby identified. Enantio-pure compounds 31 and 33 were potent in PGA-based competitive binding assay and inhibited proliferation of various human cancer cell lines in vitro, with IC(50) values averaging 20 nM.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008 Dec 01
PMID:Dihydroxylphenyl amides as inhibitors of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone. 1892 86

The buildup mechanism of polypeptide multilayers prepared by the layer-by-layer deposition of a polyanion (poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA)) and polycations (poly(L-lysine) (PLL), poly(D-lysine) (PDL), and copoly(DL-lysine)(PDLL)) was reinvestigated by using in situ ATR-IR spectroscopy. A difference spectral technique applied to analyze the spectra indicated that the deposition of both the PGA and PLL (PDL) layers accompanies the formation of secondary structures consisting mainly of the antiparallel pleated sheet (the beta-sheet) structure, and that the formation of the beta-sheet structure cannot always be explained in terms of polyanion/polycation complex formation or charge compensation between the polyanion and polycations, although it has been considered as a major process in the multilayer buildup process. Instead, the present paper proposes the following mechanism. During the deposition of the polyelectrolyte, a small amount of the beta-sheet structures are produced at the interface as a result of charge compensation between a polyelectrolyte and an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte in the multilayer. The beta-sheets act as nuclei from which further propagation of the structure takes place at the solution/multilayer interfaces. The driving force of the buildup process in the new mechanism is a kinetically favorable insolubilization of each polyelectrolyte in solution at the interfaces.
Langmuir 2008 Dec 02
PMID:Reinvestigation on the buildup mechanism of alternate multilayers consisting of poly(L-glutamic acid) and poly(L-, D-, and DL-lysines). 1897 12

We developed a new platform at the interface of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) and electroactive polymers (EAPs) by combining the easy buildup of PEM thin films and the deformation characteristics of the EAPs. The PEM films were made of poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). After [Fe(CN)6]4- ions (FCIV) were added, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed, resulting in a reversible expansion and contraction of the film. The shape change as well as the film buildup prior to the cycling were monitored in situ using the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EC-QCM-D). Electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) images confirmed the rapid shape deformation. The process takes place in an aqueous environment under mild conditions (maximum potential of 600 mV and no pH change), which makes it a promising tool for biomedical applications. In addition, the electrochemically active films are produced using the layer-by-layer (LbL) method that is already established in biotechnology and biomaterials science; therefore, the presented approach can be readily adapted in these areas, bringing about a new possibility for the nanoscale dynamic control of coating thickness in various applications.
Langmuir 2008 Dec 02
PMID:Swelling and contraction of ferrocyanide-containing polyelectrolyte multilayers upon application of an electric potential. 1897 14


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