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Query: UNIPROT:P00790 (PGA)
 2,475 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of amino acids and other chemicals of intragastric perfusion on pepsin secretion was studied in anaesthetized rats. Irrigation of the stomach with glycine caused concentration-dependent increase in pepsin output, but not in acid output. Pepsin stimulatory effect was decreased by an increase of the carbon chain between the amino group and carboxyl group of glycine and by transposing the amino group from alpha- to gamma-position in amino-n-butyric acid. Acidification of perfusate, a local irrigation of lidocaine and an intravenous infusion of atropine reduced but did not abolish the pepsin response to chemical stimulation. Since serum gastrin level was not changed from basal levels during pepsin secretion induced by amino acids, the mechanism of chemical stimulation appears to be gastrin-independent. The comparison of the secretagogue activity of amino acids shows that glycine exhibited the strongest stimulation of pepsin output, reaching 208% of the response to tetragastrin at the dose of 8 microgram/kg/hour. All other amino acids tested were found to stimulate pepsin secretion, whereas bovine serum albumin and hydrochloric acid were inert in this respect. The result indicates that the chemical stimulation of the stomach by amino acids is capable of inducing pepsin secretion by a local, gastrin-independent mechanism sensitive to pH and related to the molecular configuration of amino acids.
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PMID:Effect of topical application of amino acids on gastric pepsin secretion in the rat. 678 43

A novel corrosion-resistant bioreactor composed of polyetherether ketone (PEEK), tech glass and silicium nitrite ceramics was constructed and applied for the cultivation of two newly isolated, extremely halophilic archaea producing poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (PGA), or poly(beta-hydroxy butyric acid) (PHB), respectively. These bacteria were isolated from hypersaline soil close to Aswan (Egypt). The isolate strain 40, which is related to the genus Natrialba, produced large amounts of PGA when cultivated on solid medium. Culture conditions were optimised applying the corrosion-resistant bioreactor. PGA production was dependent on NaCl concentration and occurred about at 20% (w/v) NaCl in the medium. A maximum cell density of about 1.6 g cell dry matter/l was obtained when the bioreactor was stirred and aerated in a batch fermentation process using proteose-peptone medium. The supernatant was monitored with respect to PGA formation, and after 90 h a maximum of 470 mg/l culture volume was detected by HPLC analysis. Culture conditions were optimized for the isolate 56, which accumulated PHB as intracellular granules. Batch fermentations in the stirred and aerated bioreactor applying acetate and n-butyric acid as carbon sources led to cell density of 2.28 g cell dry matter/l and a maximum PHB accumulation contributing to about 53% of cellular dry weight. About 4.6 g PHB were isolated from 10.6 g dried cells of strain 56, which exhibited a weight average molar mass of 2.3 x 10(5) g mol(-1) and a polydispersity of about 1.4.
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PMID:Polymer production by two newly isolated extremely halophilic archaea: application of a novel corrosion-resistant bioreactor. 1103 May 66

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively determine potential cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) extractables in a way to meaningfully predict the in vivo exposure resulting from clinical administration. Extractions of CAB-381-20 were performed in several solvent systems, consistently resulting in the detection of three extractables. The extractables have been identified as acetic acid, butyric acid, and E-2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid (E-EHA) by LC/UV, LC/MS and NMR. Extraction studies of CAB powders in acetonitrile/phosphate buffer demonstrated quantitative extraction in 1 h for acetic acid (approximately 150 microg/g), butyric acid (approximately 200 microg/g), and EHA (approximately 20 microg/g). Subsequently, extraction studies for CAB powders and coated tablets in USP simulated gastric and intestinal fluids were performed to evaluate potential in vivo exposure. Similarly, acetic and butyric acids were quantitatively extracted from CAB-381-20 powder after 24 h exposure in both USP simulated fluids. The amounts of EHA extracted from CAB powder after 24 h were determined to be 2 and 16 microg/g in USP simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively. After 24 h exposure in USP simulated fluids, the maximum amount of EHA extracted corresponds to < 0.3 microg of EHA per tablet. Pepsin and pancreatin in USP simulated fluids had no effect on EHA extraction and quantitation.
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PMID:Identification and quantitation of extractables from cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and estimation of their in vivo exposure levels. 1519 22