Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P00790 (PGA)
 2,475 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previously we described the simultaneous quantification of DNA and nuclear protein in unfixed tissue from solid tumors. The resultant 2 parameter flow cytometric analysis has several advantages over that of DNA alone. In this report, we describe a modification of the technique for the analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Paraffin-embedded material was prepared by hydrating sections, incubating in 0.5% pepsin solution, washing, and resuspending in buffer containing nonionic detergent. The nuclei were then stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide in the presence of ribonuclease. Several solid tumor tissue types have been analyzed, including breast, colon, kidney, and thymus. The best results were obtained when the initial pepsin treatment was for 1.5 h, instead of 0.5 h. Pepsin treatment for 1.5 h improved the CVs of both the DNA and nuclear protein parameters, and did not appear to reduce nuclear protein levels or to cause significant disintegration of nuclei. The DNA/nuclear protein histograms of unfixed and fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were similar. Since tumor nuclei typically have higher protein levels than DNA-diploid nuclei, the technique reduces population overlapping and permits less subjective identification of DNA aneuploidy.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of DNA and nuclear protein in paraffin-embedded tissue. 844 Jan 53

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive and effective approach for cancer treatment. It is potentially useful for treating tumors that are not accessible to surgery, radiation, or destructive ablations, and are resistant to chemotherapy. Efficacious treatment of interstitial tumors with PDT requires efficient delivery of photosensitizers and accurate location of tumor tissues for effective light irradiations. In this study we performed contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI-guided PDT with a bifunctional polymer conjugate containing both a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent and a photosensitizer, poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA)-(Gd-DO3A)-mesochlorin e(6) (Mce(6)). The efficacy of the bifunctional conjugate in cancer CE-MRI and cancer treatment was evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma xenografts, with PGA-(Gd-DO3A) used as a control. The polymer conjugates preferentially accumulated in the solid tumor due to the hyperpermeability of the tumor vasculature, resulting in significant tumor enhancement for accurate tumor detection and localization by MRI. Significant therapeutic response was observed for PDT with the bifunctional conjugate as compared to the control. CE-MRI-guided PDT with the bifunctional conjugate is effective for tumor detection and minimally invasive cancer treatment.
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PMID:Contrast enhanced MRI-guided photodynamic therapy for site-specific cancer treatment. 1690 81

The efficient delivery of therapeutic genes into cells of interest is a critical challenge to broad application of non-viral vector systems. In this research, a novel TPGS-b-(PCL-ran-PGA) nanoparticle modified with polyethyleneimine was applied to be a vector of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and endostatin for cervical cancer gene therapy. Firstly, a novel biodegradable copolymer, TPGS-b-(PCL-ran-PGA), was synthesized and characterized. The nanoparticles were fabricated by an emulsion/solvent evaporation method and then further modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) carrying TRAIL and/or endostatin genes. The uptake of pIRES2-EGFP and/or pDsRED nanoparticles by HeLa cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The cell viability of TRAIL/endostatin-loaded nanoparticles in HeLa cells was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Severe combined immunodeficient mice carrying HeLa tumor xenografts were treated in groups of six including phosphate-buffered saline control, blank TPGS-b-(PCL-ran-PGA) nanoparticles, blank TPGS-b-(PCL-ran-PGA)/PEI nanoparticles, and three types of gene nanoparticles. The activity was assessed using average increase in survival time, body weight, and solid tumor volume. All the specimens were then prepared as formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections for hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data showed that the nanoparticles could efficiently deliver plasmids into HeLa cells. The cytotoxicity of the HeLa cells was significantly increased by TRAIL/endostatin-loaded nanoparticles when compared with control groups. The use of TPGS in combination with TRAIL and endostatin had synergistic antitumor effects. In conclusion, the TRAIL/endostatin-loaded nanoparticles offer considerable potential as an ideal candidate for in vivo cancer gene delivery.
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PMID:Surface modification of TPGS-b-(PCL-ran-PGA) nanoparticles with polyethyleneimine as a co-delivery system of TRAIL and endostatin for cervical cancer gene therapy. 2357 Jun 19