Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P00790 (PGA)
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1. The use of a nylon-bag technique for pig feed digestibility determination was studied. Bags, measuring 25 x 40 mm and containing feed samples, were introduced into the pig gastrointestinal tract through a duodenal cannula, and recovered in the faeces between 23 and 69 h later. The disappearance of organic matter and crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) from the bags was compared with in vivo apparent digestibility, determined by conventional faecal-collection methods, and neutral-detergent-fibre content for eleven feeds. The residues left in the bags after passage through the intestine from whole-crop-pea (Pisum sativum) and barley-grain samples were analysed for starch, non-starch polysaccharide residues, Klason lignin, crude protein and ash. 2. Dry matter disappearance of barley or whole-crop peas was not influenced by increasing bag pore size from 10 to 36 microns or sample weight from 250 to 1000 mg. Pepsin (EC 3.4.2.1) pretreatment had no effect on the degradation in the bags of the feeds investigated. 3. Organic matter and crude protein disappearance from the bags exceeded in vivo apparent digestibility by up to 0.10 and 0.42 units respectively. In vivo apparent organic matter digestibility could be predicted (P less than 0.001) by the organic matter disappearance from the bags and the neutral-detergent-fibre content of the feed, while in vivo apparent crude protein digestibility was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) to all these indices but poorly to crude protein disappearance from the bags. 4. Klason lignin was the least degraded component measured in the whole-crop-pea and barley residues from the bags, while starch was completely digested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Use of a nylon-bag technique for pig feed digestibility studies. 387 Jun 93

An in vitro method was developed to predict inorganic P release from maize-soyabean poultry feeds containing supplemental phytase (EC 3.1.3.8), and to quantify the effect of acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), fungal protease (EC 3.4.23.6) and Aspergillus niger cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) on phytate dephosphorylation. Pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1) and pancreatin digestion periods were preceded by a 30 min pre-incubation at pH 5.25 to simulate digestion in the crop of poultry. Pancreatin digestion was carried out in dialysis tubing, with a ratio of about 1:25 (v/v) between the digesta and dialysing medium, to simulate gradient absorption from the duodenum. The feed:water ratio was kept within physiological limits and a constant proportion of feed weight to digestive enzymes was maintained. There was a linear response to increasing dosages of phytase up to 1000 phytase units (FTU)/kg feed, and to increasing phosphate concentration in feeds. In vivo validation was performed with growing turkeys (1-3 weeks) fed on diets containing 12 g Ca/kg and 0, 500 or 1000 FTU phytase/kg in a factorial arrangement with 0, 1, 2 or 3 g supplemental phosphate/kg (from KH2PO4). After a simple transformation (variable/in vitro P = f (in vitro P)), amounts of P hydrolysed from feed samples by in vitro digestions correlated with 3-week body-weight gain (R 0.986, P < 0.0001), toe ash (R 0.952, P < 0.0001), feed intake (R 0.994, P < 0.0001) and feed efficiency (R 0.992, P < 0.0001). The dephosphorylating ability of phytase in vitro was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) by the addition of acid phosphatase. Fungal acid protease and Aspergillus niger cellulase also enhanced the dephosphorylation process in vitro.
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PMID:An in vitro procedure for studying enzymic dephosphorylation of phytate in maize-soyabean feeds for turkey poults. 754 27

The in vivo protein quality of 14 meat and bone meals (MBM) was evaluated in three chick growth assays and a 48-h excreta collection assay using conventional and cecectomized roosters. In addition, in vitro evaluation of protein quality was assessed using pepsin N digestibility (0.2, 0.002, or 0.0002% pepsin), KOH protein solubility, and multi-enzyme pH change. Crude protein, lysine, and SAA in the MBM varied from 48 to 56, 2.32 to 3.01, and 1.0 to 2.13%, respectively. Protein efficiency ratio (weight gain:protein intake) estimated from feeding chicks diets containing 9% protein from a MBM ranged from 0.61 to 2.89 and averaged 1.78. Lysine bioavailability determined by slope-ratio chick assay ranged from 43 to 89%. True amino acid digestibility and TMEn values determined in cecectomized roosters were generally lower (P < 0.05) than those determined in conventional roosters. True digestibility of amino acids (percentage) also varied among MBM, with the mean (and range) for lysine, methionine, and cystine in cecectomized birds being 81 (73 to 88), 85 (77 to 91), and 58% (37 to 72%), respectively. Pepsin N digestibility values determined using 0.002 or 0.0002% pepsin were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with lysine digestibility. Pepsin N digestibility determined using 0.2% pepsin, KOH protein solubility, and multi-enzyme pH change were not significantly correlated with in vivo protein quality. Ash content was negatively correlated (-0.80, P < 0.05) with protein efficiency ratio. These results indicated that there is substantial variation in protein quality among commercial MBM and that pepsin N digestibility and ash content are correlated with some in vivo protein quality measurements.
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PMID:Protein and amino acid quality of meat and bone meal. 905 20