Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P00750 (PLA)
 16,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper is an attempt to assess the relevance of the inhibitors of fibrinolysis for clot lysis in selected disease states and to discuss the mechanisms leading to acquired abnormal levels of such inhibitors. When compared to 20 control subjects the 30 hypertriglyceridemic patients (14 with type IIb and 16 with type IV) displayed significantly (p less than 0.001) increased plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity (221 +/- 88% and 290 +/- 104% respectively; mean +/- SD), moderately (p less than 0.01) increased alpha 2 antiplasmin (alpha 2AP) level (112 +/- 11% and 115 +/- 16%) and accordingly an obviously prolonged dilute blood clot lysis time (DBCLT). Neither PAI activity and alpha 2AP level nor DBCLT were significantly different from controls in the 10 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa. The 18 patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis had low alpha 2AP level (59 +/- 19.7%) and accelerated clot lysis, while mean PAI activity (160 +/- 87%) was slightly (p less than 0.05) increased. In the 17 nephrotic patients alpha 2AP was increased (115 +/- 12%) while PAI activity was similar to controls and DBCLT rather shorter. Two liver secretion enzymes, namely serum cholinesterase and plasma protein C, were found to be decreased in cirrhotic patients, similar to control values in hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa and obviously increased in nephrotic patients as well as in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. The relevance of PAI and alpha 2AP for clot lysis was considered in relation to data in the literature concerning the behaviour of t-PA and factor XIII.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alpha 2-antiplasmin, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and dilute blood clot lysis time in selected disease states. 172 69

The paper reviews data in the literature as well as the authors' own investigations, performed during the last seven years, concerning the hemostatic balance in nephrotic patients. The obviously increased plasma levels of fibrinogen, fibronectin, fibrin-stabilizing factor XIII, clotting factors V and VIII, von Willebrand factor as well as the enhanced platelet aggregability of such patients, associated with a decreased plasma antithrombin III, are compatible with a thrombotic tendency. On the other hand the increased plasma protein C may provide a compensative antithrombotic mechanism. A rather complex behaviour of the fibrinolytic system was noted in the nephrotic syndrome. Actually the enhanced release of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from the endothelia of nephrotic patients is accompanied by an accelerated lysis of dilute blood clots, although the inhibitors of fibrinolysis such as alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 2-antiplasmin are increased. Failure or exhaustion of the compensative antithrombotic mechanisms would accentuate the hemostatic imbalance and favour the occurrence of thrombotic events. It is considered that increased urinary loss of antithrombin III and the enhanced hepatic synthesis of clotting factors would represent the main mechanisms involved in the production of this precarious hemostatic balance of nephrotic patients.
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PMID:Hemostatic variables in nephrotic patients. 184 91

Activated protein C (APC)-protein C inhibitor (PCI) complex level was examined in 35 patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and in 20 healthy volunteers. Thrombin-antithrombin III complex, plasmin alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex, and fibrin-D-dimer levels were significantly increased in the patients with PE compared to levels in healthy volunteers. Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-I, tissue type plasminogen activator, and von Willebrand factor antigens were also significantly increased in patients with PE. Plasma level of APC-PCI complex was increased in most patients with PE and APC-alpha 1 antitrypsin complex level was increased in 13 patients. These complexes were not detected in healthy volunteers. These findings suggested that plasma protein C was activated in patients with PE, and that PCI was the major inhibitor of APC generated in this condition. Thus, regulation of the protein C pathway might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PE.
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PMID:Increased activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex levels in patients with pulmonary embolism. 751 16

The aim of this study was to investigate whether abnormalities in the fibrinolytic system and in the naturally occurring anticoagulant proteins could contribute to the thrombotic risk in essential thrombocythemia. Euglobulin lysis time, fibrin plate lysis area, tissue plasminogen activator antigen, and activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen were measured before and after venous occlusion in a group of 16 patients with essential thrombocythemia and in 16 healthy age and sex matched controls. In addition, resting levels of antithrombin III, D-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, and protein C and S were assessed. The results were related to the presence or absence of a thrombotic history. The results demonstrated that the patients had a significantly elevated fibrin plate lysis area and significantly decreased plasminogen activator antigen, both at baseline and after venous occlusion. They also had significantly decreased levels of plasma protein C and total protein S. There was a modest, non-significant elevation in the plasma concentration of D-Dimer and F 1 + 2. Those patients with a history of thrombosis had significantly lower protein C levels compared with individuals without a thrombotic history. We conclude that patients with essential thrombocythemia have evidence of activated fibrinolysis in the resting state and after stimulation. This, and the decreased levels of protein C and total protein S, may be secondary to chronic clinically occult thrombosis occurring in myeloproliferative disorders.
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PMID:Low proteins C and S and activation of fibrinolysis in treated essential thrombocythemia. 763 71

Hemostatic abnormalities were examined in 55 patients during maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Before HD, plasma protein C and protein S antigens were almost within the normal range, while plasma thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT III) and plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex (PPIC) levels in HD patients were increased slightly, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 level was significantly increased, compared to that in normal volunteers. Plasma activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI) complex and APC alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) complex were not detected in normal volunteers; however, plasma APC-PCI complex was increased in 36 of the patients and plasma APC-alpha 1AT complex was increased in 25 patients. Plasma PCI levels in these patients before HD were significantly decreased. Plasma TAT, PPIC, and tissue type plasminogen activator levels were significantly higher before HD than after 1 hour HD and at the end of HD, while the changes in plasma protein C antigen, protein S antigen, PCI antigen, APC-PCI complex, and APC-alpha 1AT complex were not significant after 1 hour of HD or at the end of HD compared to levels before HD. Plasma PCI levels were correlated with APC-PCI complex, suggesting that decreased PCI levels might be caused by the activation of protein C.
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PMID:Increased activated protein C: protein C inhibitor complex and decreased protein C inhibitor levels in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. 1072 91

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Mediterranean-type diet (MD), high-fat diet (HFD), and red wine supplementation on plasma concentration of emergent haemostatic cardiovascular risk factors (HCVRF) and on variables of primary haemostasis (bleeding time, plasma von Willebrand factor and platelet aggregation/secretion). In a controlled prospective intervention study, two groups (21 healthy males each) received either MD or HFD during 90 days. Between days 30-60, both diets were supplemented with 240 ml/ day of red wine. After adjusting by baseline values, MD was associated with: lower plasma fibrinogen (p =0.03), factor VIIc (p=0.034) and factor VIIIc (p=0.0057); higher levels of protein S (p=0.013); longer bleeding time (p=0.017); and marginal increases in platelet serotonin aggregation and secretion after stimulation with epinephrine. Red wine supplementation, in both diets, resulted in decreased plasma fibrinogen (p=0.001) and factor VIIc (p=0.05), and in increased t-PA (p=0.01) and PAI-1 (p=0.0003). The effects of wine on antithrombin III (p=0.01) were divergent: there was a decrease in the HFD group but it increased slightly in the MD group. No effects of diet or wine were detected in plasma protein C, C-reactive protein or von Willebrand factor. BT did not change significantly with wine supplementation. Wine intake resulted in a significant increase in ex vivo platelet aggregation and secretion after stimulation with collagen (1 and 2 microg/ml, p < or = 0.01). MD and moderate consumption of red wine have complementary, mostly beneficial effects on haemostatic CV risk factors. The longer BT in individuals on MD, obtained independently of red wine, denotes less interaction of platelets with the vascular wall, which could be beneficial from the point of view of CV risk.
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PMID:Distinctive effects of red wine and diet on haemostatic cardiovascular risk factors. 1545 50

Thrombotic events are common and potentially fatal complications in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Early diagnosis is crucial but remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the early alterations of hemostatic parameters in allogeneic HSCT recipients and determined their potential diagnostic values in transplantation-related thrombotic complications and other post-HSCT events. Results from 107 patients with allogeneic HSCT showed higher levels of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen, and tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) and a lower level of plasma protein C after transplantation. No change was found for prothrombin time, antithrombin III, D: -dimer, and activated partial thromboplastin time following HSCT. Transplantation-related complications (TRCs) in HSCT patients were defined as thrombotic (n=8), acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD, n=45), and infectious (n=38). All patients with TRCs, especially the patients with thrombotic complications, presented significant increases in the mean and maximum levels of PAI-1 during the observation period. Similarly, a high maximum t-PA level was found in the thrombotic group. In contrast, apparent lower levels of mean and minimum protein C were observed in the TRC patients, especially in the aGVHD group. Therefore, the hemostatic imbalance in the early phase of HSCT, reflecting prothrombotic state and endothelial injury due to the conditioning therapy or TRCs, might be useful in the differential diagnosis of the thrombotic complication from other TRCs.
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PMID:Alterations of hemostatic parameters in the early development of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-related complications. 2167 45