Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 16,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biotechnology is a rapidly developing area of drug development which has great growth potential. Development of genetically engineered drugs is very expensive and as these products become available the impact on healthcare costs could be vast. The cost-benefit ratio of biotechnology products needs to be established, but few relevant pharmacoeconomic studies are available. Issues in pharmacoeconomic analysis of genetically engineered drugs can be exemplified by the data available for alteplase, epoetin and interferon alpha-2b. One study concluded that thrombolysis with streptokinase rather than alteplase would substantially reduce the percentage of total hospital costs that were not reimbursed. However, differences in efficacy were not accounted for. Based on the superior efficacy of alteplase, a more extensive pharmacoeconomic analysis found that alteplase was more cost-effective than streptokinase when the agents were combined with aggressive reocclusion management. However, this conclusion may be altered by the finding of a more recent study that streptokinase may be at least as effective as alteplase. Economic factors involved in epoetin treatment of anaemia associated with chronic renal disease have been studied thoroughly. However, cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analysis was not attempted, and improvement in quality of life with epoetin therapy also needs to be considered, to facilitate cost-utility analysis. Compared with chlorambucil, the use of interferon alpha-2b for hairy cell leukaemia resulted in significant direct and indirect cost savings, in a retrospective cost-benefit analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pharmacoeconomics of genetically engineered drugs. 1017 57

Gateways to Clinical Trials is a guide to the most recent clinical trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables has been retrieved from the Clinical Studies knowledge area of Prous Science Integrity, the world's first drug discovery and development portal, and provides information on study design, treatments, conclusions and references. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: Abiciximab, acetylcholine chloride, acetylcysteine, alefacept, alemtuzumab, alicaforsen, alteplase, aminopterin, amoxicillin sodium, amphotericin B, anastrozole, argatroban monohydrate, arsenic trioxide, aspirin, atazanavir, atorvastatin, augmerosen, azathioprine; Benzylpenicillin, BMS-284756, botulinum toxin type A, botulinum toxin type B, BQ-123, budesonide, BXT-51072; Calcium folinate, carbamazepine, carboplatin, carmustine, ceftriaxone sodium, cefuroxime axetil, chorionic gonadotropin (human), cimetidine, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, cisplatin, citalopram hydrobromide, cladribine, clarithromycin, clavulanic acid, clofarabine, clopidogrel hydrogensulfate, clotrimazole, CNI-1493, colesevelam hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine; Dalteparin sodium, daptomycin, darbepoetin alfa, debrisoquine sulfate, dexrazoxane, diaziquone, didanosine, docetaxel, donezepil, doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome injection, DX-9065a; Eberconazole, ecogramostim, eletriptan, enoxaparin sodium, epoetin, epoprostenol sodium, erlizumab, ertapenem sodium, ezetimibe; Fampridine, fenofibrate, filgrastim, fluconazole, fludarabine phosphate, fluorouracil, 5-fluorouracil/epinephrine, fondaparinux sodium, formoterol fumarate; Gabapentin, gemcitabine, gemfibrozil, glatiramer; Heparin sodium, homoharringtonine; Ibuprofen, iloprost, imatinib mesilate, imiquimod, interferon alpha-2b, interferon alpha-2c, interferon-beta; KW-6002; Lamotrigine, lanoteplase, metoprolol tartrate, mitoxantrone hydrochloride; Naproxen sodium, naratriptan, Natalizumab, nelfinavir mesilate, nevirapine, nifedipine, NSC-683864; Oral heparin; Paclitaxel, peginterferon alfa-2b, phenytoin, pimecrolimus, piperacillin, pleconaril, pramipexole hydrochloride, prednisone, pregabalin, progesterone; Rasburicase, ravuconazole, reteplase, ribavirin, rituximab, rizatriptan, rosiglitazone maleate, rotigotine; Semaxanib, sildenafil citrate, simvastatin, stavudine, sumatriptan; Tacrolimus, tamoxifen citrate, tanomastat, tazobactam, telithromycin, tenecteplase, tolafentrine, tolterodine tartrate, triamcinolone acetonide, trimetazidine, troxacitabine; Valproic acid, vancomycin hydrochloride, vincristine, voriconazole, Warfarin sodium; Ximelagatran, Zidovudine, zolmitriptan.
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PMID:Gateways to Clinical Trials. 1208 78

Gateways to Clinical Trials is a guide to the most recent clinical trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables has been retrieved from the Clinical Studies knowledge area of Prous Science Integrity, the drug discovery and development portal, http://integrity.prous.com. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: Abacavir sulfate, abarelix, abciximab, alicaforsen sodium, almotriptan, alteplase, amlodipine, amoxicillin trihydrate, amprenavir, argatroban monohydrate, aspirin, atorvastatin calcium, azathioprine; Baclofen, benidipine hydrochloride, benserazide, BMS-214662, bosentan, botulinum toxin type B; Candesartan cilexetil, carbamazepine, carbidopa, carboplatin, ceftriaxone sodium, celecoxib, cetirizine hydrochloride, clarithromycin, clavulanate potassium, clopidogrel hydrogensulfate, clozapine, CPI-1189, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine; Darbepoetin alfa, denileukin diftitox, dexamethasone, dipyridamole, droperidol, DW-166HC; Ebastine, efalizumab, efavirenz, eletriptan, enalapril maleate, enfuvirtide, enoxaparin sodium, enrasentan, entacapone, epoetin, eprosartan mesilate, etanercept, etoricoxib; Fenofibratefexofenadine hydrochloride, filgrastim, fludarabine phosphate, fluoxetine hydrochloride fluvoxamine maleate, frovatriptan, furosemide; Gabapentin, galantamine hydrobromide, gatifloxacin, gefitinib, ghrelin (human), glatiramer acetate; Haloperidol; Ibuprofen, ibuprofen, guaiacol ester, idarubicin hydrochloride, imipramine hydrochloride, imiquimod, interferon beta, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, interferon omega, irbesartan, itraconazole; Ketorolac, ketorolac tromethamine; Lamifiban, lamotrigine, lanoteplase, lansoprazole, leflunomide, leuprorelin acetate, levetiracetam, levocetirizine, levodopa, lisinopril, loratadine; Manidipine, methylprednisolone, metronidazole, mirtazapine, mizolastine, modafinil, morphine sulfate; Naproxen sodium, naratriptan hydrochloride, nifedipine, NSC-683864; Ofloxacin, olanzapine, omalizumab, omapatrilat, ondansetron hydrochloride, oxcarbazepine; Paclitaxel, parecoxib sodium, paroxetine hydrochloride, phenytoin sodium, pimecrolimus, pramipexole hydrochloride, pravastatin, prednisone, pregabalin; Quetiapine fumarate; Ranitidine hydrochloride, rasburicase, ritonavir, rivastigmine tartrate, rizatriptan benzoate, rofecoxib; Saquinavir mesilate, sertraline, sildenafil citrate, simvastatin, sumatriptan succinate; Tacrolimus, tiagabine hydrochloride, ticlopidine hydrochloride, tirofiban hydrochloride, tolvaptan, topiramate, tretinoin; Valproic acid, valsartan, venlafaxine hydrochloride, verapamil; Warfarin sodium; Ximelagatran; Zanamivir, ziconotide, zolmitriptan, zonisamide.
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PMID:Gateways to Clinical Trials. June 2002. 1216 6

The various monosaccharide composition analysis methods were evaluated as monosaccharide test for glycoprotein-based pharmaceuticals. Neutral and amino sugars were released by hydrolysis with 4-7N trifluoroacetic acid. The monosaccharides were N-acetylated if necessary, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric or UV detection after derivatization with 2-aminopyridine, ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, 2-aminobenzoic acid or 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, or high pH anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Sialic acids were released by mild acid hydrolysis or sialidase digestion, and analyzed by HPLC with fluorometric detection after derivatization with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene, or HPAEC-PAD. These methods were verified for resolution, linearity, repeatability, and accuracy using a monosaccharide standard solution, a mixture of epoetin alfa and beta, and alteplase as models. It was confirmed that those methods were useful for ensuring the consistency of glycosylation. It is considered essential that the analytical conditions including desalting, selection of internal standards, release of monosaccharides, and gradient time course should be determined carefully to eliminate interference of sample matrix. Various HPLC-based monosaccharide analysis methods were evaluated as a carbohydrate test for glycoprotein pharmaceuticals by an inter-laboratory study.
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PMID:A comparative study of monosaccharide composition analysis as a carbohydrate test for biopharmaceuticals. 2154 15