Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P00750 (PLA)
 16,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We found that patients with long-standing (greater than 10 years) diabetes who have not developed retinopathy had a significantly higher and almost normal fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion and also a higher spontaneous fibrinolytic activity than those who had developed retinopathy. In the latter, the low fibrinolytic activity of the blood was, however, not correlated to a low plasminogen activator activity of the vessel walls. Although generally lower than in controls, the activator activity of the vessel walls in the retinopathy group tended to be higher than in the rest, and in fact those with only minor vascular changes (microaneurysms) had a significantly higher activity than the other diabetics. The fibrinogen and alpha2-macroglobulin levels were higher in the retinopathy group. Thus multiple abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system were found to be related to diabetic microangiopathy.
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PMID:Diabetic retinopathy and the fibrinolytic system. 4 82

The spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of the blood is abnormally low significantly more often in persons with diabetes mellitus than in nondiabetic controls. The fibrinolytic response stimulated by venous occlusion is poor six times more frequently in diabetics than in controls, and the fibrinolytic activity of the endothelial cells is abnoramlly low in one-fourth of the diabetics tested. These changes are not related to the duration of diabetes. However, if patients with long-standing diabetes (greater than 10 years) are separated into those with retinopathy and those without, it is found that those who remain free from opthalmoscopically visible retinopathy have an almost normal fibrinolytic response on stimulation, while the others have a significantly lower response. This difference seems to be caused by a faulty plasminogen activator release mechanism. Compared with the other diabetics, those with retinopathy also have a significantly increased level of fibrinogen and of alpha2-macroglobulin, a protein that acts as an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. These findings imply a poor defense mechanism against fibrin deposits in the vessel walls in diabetes, which might contribute to the development of diabetic microangiopathy.
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PMID:Fibrinolysis and diabetic retinopathy. 6 Nov 39

During pregnancy, 12 women who smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day and 12 nonsmokers had blood taken and analyzed at 12, 20, 25, 30, 34, and 38 weeks of gestation. Fibrinogen, plasminogen, plasminogen activator, serum fibrin degradation products, antithrombin 3, alpha 1 antitrypsin, and alpha 2 macroglobulin were measured. The only significant (p .05) difference was that plasma fibrinogen was lower among smokers at 20 weeks. However, there were other patterns of difference -- mean fibrinogen and plasminogen levels were slightly lower throughout pregnancy and reached a lower peak in the smoking group. Fibrinolytic activity fell in the smokers to the same low level as in nonsmokers by 38 weeks, but at a slower rate. Serum fibrin degradation products and alpha 2 macroglobulin were consistently higher in the smoking group. Although the findings showed no major disseminated intravascular coagulation in smokers, there was a pattern of a possible low-grade syndrome.
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PMID:The influence of smoking on the haemostatic mechanism in pregnancy. 6 96

The major plasmin inhibitors namely alpha2-plasmin inhibitor and alpha2-macroglobulin were compared for their effects on lysis of fibrin clot. Plasmin fibrinolytic activity was immediately inhibited by alpha2-plasmin inhibitor, whereas alpha2-macroglobulin inhibited plasmin progressively. Urokinase(plasminogen activator)-induced clot lysis was inhibited efficiently by alpha2-plasmin inhibitor present in the clot. Inhibition of urokinase-induced clot lysis by alpha2-macroglobulin was weak and the molar concentration necessary for alpha2-macroglobulin to achieve the same degree of inhibition as that achieved with alpha2-plasmin inhibitor was about 10 times higher than that of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor. Binding of Lys-plasminogen to fibrin was inhibited by alpha2-plasmin inhibitor but not by alpha2-macroglobulin. Molar concentrations of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor which were effective in inhibiting the binding were 30 times less than that of 6-aminohexanoicacid. alpha2-Plasmin inhibitor was found to interact with Lys-plasminogen to form a weakly-bound complex which is dissociable in the presence of 6-aminohexanoic acid, suggesting that inhibition of binding of Lys-plasminogen to fibrin by alpha2-plasmin inhibitor may be due to interaction of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor with a specific site of the plasminogen molecule and that the site may be 6-aminohexanoic acid-binding site. It is suggested that alpha2-plasmin inhibitor is more reactive and efficient inhibitor of fibrinolysis than alpha 2-macroglobulin.
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PMID:Effects of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor on fibrin clot lysis. Its comparison with alpha2-macroglobulin. 7 50

By the immunofluorescence technique, fibrin, plasminogen and alpha2-macroglobulin demonstrated a similar basic pattern of distribution in the artificial thrombi, rimming the platelet aggregates in the white part and forming a network structure in the red part. The content of plasminogen seemed to be higher in the red part than in the white part. After superfusion with urokinase solution, urokinase was found in a similar pattern of distribution of that of fibrin. The content of urokinase seemed to be higher in the red part, especially in its outer area, than in the white part. It is concluded that urokinase diffused into the artificial thrombi can convert plasminogen, trapped onto fibrin in threads to plasmin. Poor lysibility of the white part might be due to thick strands of fibrin, a low content of plasminogen and a low diffusibility of plasminogen activator, in addition to the antifibrinolytic activity of platelets.
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PMID:Immunofluorescence study on thrombolysis with special reference to the patterns of distribution and the contents of fibrin, plasminogen, alpha2-macroglobulin and urokinase in artificial thrombi. 7 51

The stress of injury and surgical operation results in an initial increase in the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of the blood which is followed by a period of reduced activity in the postinjury or postoperative period. This 'fibrinolytic shutdown' is particularly marked in patients with malignant disease and occurs irrespective of whether or not they develop a deep venous thrombosis. It also occurs in patients with benign disease and in these patients is greater, though only on the first postoperative day, in those who develop deep venous thrombosis. Venous occlusion studies suggest that this reduction in spontaneous fibrinolytic activity may be the results of a reduction in the fibrinolytic capacity of the vascular endothelium resulting either from a deficiency of the enzyme plasminogen activator or an inability to release the enzyme from the endothelium. Changes in antiplasmins, the inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system, also occur as a result of the stress of operation. Plasma levels of alpha2-macroglobulin fall while those of alpha1-antitrypsin rise. These changes occur irrespective of the presence of malignant or benign disease and do not appear to influence the development of deep venous thrombosis.
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PMID:Factors affecting the fibrinolytic response to surgery. 8 46

The influence of a new hypolipidaemic agent, bezafibrate, on anticoagulant requirements and fibrinolysis was studied in 15 patients with hyperlipidaemia on long-term treatment with racemic phenprocoumon. Our results suggest a dose-dependent augmentation of the anticoagulant response to the coumarin drug. Treatment with bezafibrate at 450 and 600 mg daily required a reduction of the phenprocoumon dose by 18.5 and 33.5%, respectively. Correspondingly, the serum level of phenprocoumon decreased by 11.6 and 35.3%. No evidence for an altered drug elimination of racemic phenprocoumon could be found during treatment with bezafibrate. The results support the hypothesis that bezafibrate and analogous hypolipidaemic drugs enhance the response to oral anticoagulant drugs by increasing the affinity of the receptor site for coumarins or the rate of degradation of the vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors. The investigation of the fibrinolytic enzyme system demonstrated an increase of the fibrinolytic activity by enhancing the activity of the plasminogen activator. The lysis time for euglobulin clot was reduced significantly, plasma fibrinogen only moderately. The antiplasmin activity could not be altered substantially by a decrease of alpha1-antitrypsin and a slight increase of alpha2-macroglobulin. In contrast with the inhibition of platelet function the effect of bezafibrate on the fibrinolytic enzyme system showed no dose dependence.
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PMID:The effect of bezafibrate on the fibrinolytic enzyme system and the drug interaction with racemic phenprocoumon. 66 91

Lysozyme, alpha-amylase, neutral proteinase and plasminogen activator were most concentrated in the initial portion of the ejaculate that consists mostly of Cowper's gland and prostate gland fluids as well as spermatozoa. The concentration of the high molecular weight proteinase inhibitors, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1X-antichymotrypsin, was essentially unaltered throughout the ejaculate fractions, although their absolute amounts showed an increase towards the final fraction. By contrast, the total inhibitory activity towards pancreatic trypsin was highest both in concentration and amount in the last fraction, thus indicating that the seminal vesicles are its primary source. Plasminogen, prothrombin, Factor XIII, and the proteinase inhibitors antithrombin III, alpha2-macroglobulin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and C1S-inactivator could not be detected immunochemically in whole ejaculates, and indicates the dissimilarity between the coagulation/liquefaction processes of semen and blood.
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PMID:Components of human split ejaculates. II. Enzymes and proteinase inhibitors. 108 6

In order to establish criteria for selection of the best ova in in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) programes we have examined the follicular fluid (FF) levels of plasminogen activator (PA), collagenolytic activity, progesterone (P) and alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2M) and related them to the success of pregnancy. PA activity was similar in FF of pregnant and nonpregnant cycles, 13.8 +/- 3.9 mU/ml versus 14.6 +/- 2.9 (mean +/- SEM) respectively. By contrast, FF from pregnant cycles exhibited lower collagenolytic activity (49.6 +/- 3.9% versus 67.9 +/- 3.0; P less than 0.001). Likewise, in a semi-quantitative assay of alpha 2M, only 18.4% of the aspirates from pregnant cycles showed a precipitation line, whereas 76.8% of those from non-pregnant cycles were positive. Levels of P in aspirates from pregnant cycles were in the intermediate range, as compared with those from non-pregnant cycles (0.06-5.5 micrograms/ml versus 0.02-12.0 micrograms/ml). All these assays can be completed before ET and performed in IVF-ET programmes. In conclusion, it seems that a combination of follicular alpha 2M levels and collagenolytic activity, and to a lesser extent addition of P assay, may serve as good criteria for selecting the best embryos for establishment of pregnancy.
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PMID:Follicular fluid contents as predictors of success of in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. 244 20

When compared to normal weight normolipidemic control subjects, dilute blood clot lysis time was found to be obviously (p less than 0.001) prolonged in hypertriglyceridemic patients without proteinuria and slightly (p less than 0.05) accelerated in hyperlipidemic nephrotic patients in spite of their very high levels of plasma fibrinogen. As a result the ratio plasma fibrinogen (mg/dl) per clot lysis time (minutes) was 1.241 +/- 0.08 (X +/- SEM) in control subjects, 0.574 +/- 0.07 in hypertriglyceridemic patients and 2.69 +/- 0.172 in nephrotic patients. This finding suggesting that a larger amount of fibrin is rather readily dispersed from dilute blood clots of nephrotic patients was associated with higher levels of plasma t-PA:Ag (9.45 ng/ml +/- 1.18 in nephrotic patients versus 5.8 ng/ml +/- 1.23 in controls before venous occlusion and respectively 33.1 ng/ml +/- 3.83 versus 20.3 +/- 3.40 in controls after venous occlusion). Plasminogen activator activity of the euglobulins as assessed by the bovine fibrin-agarose plate was significantly higher in nephrotic patients only after venous occlusion. Plasma samples of nephrotic patients exerted a more potent inhibition of fibrinolysis in a urokinase activated system. This effect was, however, mainly due to the high levels of alpha 2 macroglobulin in nephrotic plasma which apparently have little influence on dilute blood clot lysis time.
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PMID:Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and dilute blood clot lysis time in nephrotic patients. 250 97


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