Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P00750 (PLA)
 16,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Review of our experience from 1975 to 1986 and a literature survey disclosed 109 children with pyogenic liver abscess. During this time, newer imaging techniques, especially ultrasonography and computed tomography, facilitated the prompt diagnosis of cystic lesions within the liver parenchyma. The incidence of pyogenic liver abscess at our institution (25 per 100,000 pediatric hospital admissions) was higher than previously reported. Since the majority of abscesses were located in the right lobe of the liver, patients were most effectively treated with percutaneous drainage of the abscess cavity. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial agent responsible for pyogenic liver abscess; however, anaerobic organisms were noted as a major group of pathogens and represented 27% of our patients. Furthermore, one patient was discovered to have multiple microabscesses of the liver associated with cat-scratch disease; pleomorphic gram-negative bacilli were not cultured. Among the 109 patients, the overall mortality of 15% was considerably better than that for children with PLA before 1975. The improved survival may be related to more prompt diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess followed by evacuation of the liver abscess and antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Morbidity and mortality in children with pyogenic liver abscess. 268

Phospholipase activation with resulting phospholipid breakdown and lipid byproduct accumulation may play a critical role in hypoxic cell injury. To explore this role, mildly hypoxic rabbit renal proximal tubules (PT) in suspension were treated in vitro with exogenous phospholipase A2 (PLA2). This treatment produced severe tubule cell injury measured by alterations in tubule cation homeostasis, respiratory rates, and adenosine nucleotide metabolism. This injury was associated with loss of the major membrane phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), with accumulation of lipid byproducts, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), and free fatty acids (FFA). Addition of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) to PTs reduced markedly FFA levels and improved significantly derangements in metabolic parameters of hypoxic PTs treated with exogenous PLA2, suggesting that FFA accumulation was a critical factor in this injury process. Effects of increasing durations of hypoxia (30, 45, and 60 min) with or without reoxygenation recovery demonstrated increased FFA levels, especially polyunsaturated FFA, which correlated better with the degree of hypoxic injury than alterations in membrane phospholipid and lysophospholipid levels. PTs undergoing hypoxia and reoxygenation recovery exposed to BSA were not protected. Although 60 min of hypoxia with 60 min reoxygenation produced accumulation of FFA to levels nearly identical to those seen in hypoxic PTs treated with exogenous PLA2 and BSA, with a similar distribution of various FFA species, hypoxia/reoxygenation produced a more severe degree of cell injury than that observed with hypoxia plus exogenous PLA and BSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of free fatty acids in hypoxia-induced injury to renal proximal tubule cells. 270 39

We prepared nine sheep with acute tracheobronchial afferent (TBN) and caudal mediastinal efferent (CMN) lymph fistulas. After a baseline period (B) in 3 sheep, we administered histamine (H) continuously for 4 h. In six sheep, we elevated left atrial pressure (PLA) and reestablished steady-state conditions prior to H administration. The afferent lymph to plasma protein concentration ratio (CA/CP) was significantly lower than the efferent ratio (CE/CP) during periods of B, H, elevated PLA, and elevated PLA with H. H administration increased lymph flow rates (QlA and QlE) and both CA/CP and CE/CP, albeit insignificantly. During elevated PLA, QlA and QlE increased, while CA/CP and CE/CP fell. QlE increased, while QlA did not change during elevated PLA with H. CE/CP increased from its PLA level. CA/CP did not increase. Afferent data suggest that histamine may increase pulmonary microvascular surface area, but does not alter the permeability of the pulmonary circulation. While we cannot exclude the possibility of an increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability from efferent results, the difference between TBN afferent and CMN efferent results likely represent the action of histamine at the CMN.
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PMID:Effect of histamine on tracheobronchial afferent and caudal mediastinal efferent lymph. 270 81

Positively charged molecules such as protamine, leukocyte cationic protein, and the carboxyl terminus of platelet factor 4 have been shown to increase fibrin fiber thickness. Synthetic homo poly(L-amino acids) were used to explore the role of charge and molecular weight of cationic molecules on fibrin assembly. The effects of poly(L-lysine) (PLL), poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLG), poly(L-aspartic acid) (PLA), poly(L-histidine) (PLH), and poly(L-arginine) (PLArg) on the assembly and structure of fibrin gels were studied by using light-scattering techniques. At a PLG (Mr 60,000) concentration of 80 micrograms/mL and a PLA (Mr 20,000) concentration of 64 microgram/mL, neither of these negatively charged polymers produced a detectable change in either fibrin assembly kinetics or final structure. Positively charged PLArg (16 micrograms/mL) caused a 30% increase in fibrin fiber mass/length ratio without calcium. In contrast, PLH (16 micrograms/mL), also positively charged, had no effect in the absence of CaCl2 but produced a 40% increase in fiber mass/length ratio with 5 mM CaCl2. At concentrations as low as 1 microgram/mL, positively charged PLL increased the initial fibrin assembly kinetics and led to larger fiber mass/length ratio. The impact on fibrin mass/length ratio was equivalent for three different molecular weight preparations of PLL (Mr 25,000, 90,000, and 240,000). The lack of a molecular weight effect on fiber thickness and the low polymer concentrations required to produce the perturbation argue against an excluded volume effect as the mechanism by which lateral fiber growth is augmented. Mechanisms by which poly(L-amino acids) may perturb fibrin assembly are discussed.
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PMID:Effect of homo poly(L-amino acids) on fibrin assembly: role of charge and molecular weight. 271 71

A range of poly(L-lactic acid) [L-PLA], poly(DL-lactic acid) [DL-PLA], polyglycolic acid [PGA] polymers and PLA-PGA copolymers were synthesized from lactide and glycolide. The effect of lactide type, catalyst concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature was studied. Intrinsic viscosity determination, gel permeation chromatography, laser light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the polymers formed. It was impossible to determine the molecular weight of most PGA samples due to lack of solubility. The consequences of the results with regard to the production and storage of microencapsulated and related products are discussed.
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PMID:Preparation and characterization of lactic/glycolic acid polymers and copolymers. 276 Jul 84

A number of physiological responses and adjustments occur at high altitude to compensate for hypoxia. We hypothesized that interference with one component of the normal compensatory process, the sympathetic nervous system, would hinder altitude acclimatization and thereby exacerbate acute mountain sickness (AMS) and compromise well-being. Twelve young males (21.2 +/- 0.4 years) received either 80 mg propranolol (PRO; n = 6) or placebo (PLA; n = 6), t.i.d. at sea level (SL) and during the first 15 d of a 19-d residence at 4,300 m (HA). Individuals were randomly assigned to each group. The Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) was administered at SL and twice daily (AM and PM) during the entire altitude exposure in order to assess AMS symptoms and subjective feelings of well-being. Supine heart rate (HR) was determined at rest twice at SL and four times at HA. HR in the PLA group increased 40% over SL values (57 +/- 3 to 80 +/- 4 beats/min) by day 7 at HA (p less than 0.01). HR in the PRO group did not increase above SL values during medication at HA. By 4 d after the medication administration was terminated, HR in the PRO group had increased and did not differ from the PLA group. Throughout the entire altitude exposure, ESQ scores for the PRO group were lower than or similar to the PLA group. Furthermore, cessation of PRO treatment did not result in a change in well-being. These findings suggested that interference with the normal acclimatization process by beta-adrenergic blockade did not exacerbate AMS or reduce feelings of well-being.
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PMID:Effects of propranolol on acute mountain sickness (AMS) and well-being at 4,300 meters of altitude. 276 52

Controlled-release polymeric needle devices containing adriamycin HCL (ADH) were investigated by an in vitro dissolution study in normal saline solution and an in vivo antitumor activity in C3H mice bearing mammary carcinoma and nude mice bearing brain tumor. HPMC was used as a release rate regulator. The ADH released from needle devices was controlled by the types of polymer used and the addition of HPMC. EVA needle devices exhibit a zero order release behavior better than that of PLA needle devices. Tumor growth was markedly inhibited by treatment with needle devices after locally inserted into the solid tumor. The rank of antitumor activity of the needle devices is EVA greater than PLA greater than EVA-HPMC greater than PLA-HPMC. No significant changes in body weight of mice after treatment were found in treated groups as compared to controlled groups. The preliminary results of our study suggest that needle device dosage form shows a controlled release behavior and may be applicable as a drug carrier for delivery of antitumor drug in cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Tumoricidal effect of controlled-release polymeric needle devices containing adriamycin HCl in tumor-bearing mice. 277 78

Presented are the results of a procedure to characterize the haemodynamic situation and the required therapy in the early post-bypass period by including haemodynamic parameters (Part, CVP, PLA, TPR, PVR, f, Cl) in a system of seven parameter constellations although directly measured values must be supplemented by clinical data. In this way situations with increased or normal cardiac output and pathological peripheral resistance can be more easily distinguished from situations with reduced cardiac output. The investigations were performed in 300 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 1985 and 1986. In more than 80% of the patients increased volume alone was not able to end the bypass, and so therapy including catecholamines and/or vasodilatators was instituted. Due to a relatively intensive but specific treatment, a favourable result with a 3% mortality was achieved. The frequency of patients after coronary surgery, valve replacement or correction of congenital heart defects in the seven situations of parameters corresponded to the expected haemodynamic peculiarities. In the group treated with catecholamines only, including 34% of the coronary patients, no increased mortality occurred compared with the total number. In patients in whom the constellation of parameters required a treatment with catecholamines combined with vasodilators, a higher mortality of 8.6% occurred compared with the total result. Here patients are concentrated with whom a good surgical result could not be obtained or the changes of myocardial stimulation were exhausted. Our findings emphasize the importance of the following points for further practice: improvement of invasive monitoring to apply vasodilators more intensively especially in infancy, careful selection of patients for coronary surgery, reduction of negative inotropic drugs preoperatively in high risk patients for improving postoperative stimulation of the myocardium.
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PMID:[Results of the differentiated use of catecholamines and vasodilators in the early post-bypass phase]. 278 21

Retinal S-antigen mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in guinea-pigs. Guinea-pigs receiving no treatment, was compared with test animals which received topically and systemically administered KLM-583B, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, or subcutaneous (sub. cut) and topical corticosteroid treatment, as well as a test group which received cyclosporin A suc. cut. The best clinical suppression of EAU was obtained in the group treated suc. cut with KLM-538B. Steroids also suppressed the inflammation in the eyes but was not as effective as KLM-583B or cyclosporine A. PLA 2 activity in the aqueous humour and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels measured from iris-ciliary body were significantly lower in the groups treated suc. cut. with KLM-583B or cyclosporin A. Guinea-pigs treated suc. cut. with KLM-583B and cyclosporin A had the lowest antiserum titres to retinal S-antigen.
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PMID:Suppression of experimental autoimmune uveitis in guinea-pigs by inhibition of phospholipase A2. 283 53

In isotonic saline-buffered conditions, phospholipase A2 from bee venom cleaves up to 65% of the phosphatidylcholine of the rabbit RBC membrane without causing significant hemolysis; however, the volume and the osmotic fragility of the treated RBC is modified. The osmotic behaviour of PLA-treated RBC after reincubation in autologous plasma suggests an heterogeneity in the enzymatic attack among the RBC population. In vivo RBC survival is strongly impaired by PLA treatment.
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PMID:Properties of rabbit erythrocytes treated with phospholipase A2 from bee venom. 287 Aug 63


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