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Target Concepts:
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Enzyme
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Query: UNIPROT:P00750 (
PLA
)
16,800
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Japanese encephalitis
virus (JEV)-loaded poly(lactide) (
PLA
) lamellar and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microparticles were successfully prepared with low molecular weight
PLA
by the precipitate method and with 6% w/v PLG in the organic phase, 10% w/v PVP and 5% w/v NaCl in the continuous phase, by using a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion/solvent extraction technique, respectively. JEV was entrapped in the PLG microparticles by a solvent extraction technique with trapping efficiencies up to 98%, loading level 5.5% w/w, and mean particle size 3.8 microm. The distribution (%) of JEV on the PLG microparticles surface, outer layer, and core were 11.2, 41.7 and 46.4%, respectively. The cumulative release of JEV had an upper limit of approximately 58% of the JEV load at 24 days. The steady release rate was 1.33 microg JEV/mg microparticles/day of JEV release maintained for 24 days. The corresponding virus loading of the
PLA
lamellae is approximately 0.78% w/w and the loading efficiency (77.8%), JEV content (7.84 microg/mg), and yield (96.3%), respectively. The distribution (%) of JEV on the microparticles surface, outer layer, and core were 82.1, 13.3 and 2.2%, respectively. The live JEV challenge in mice test, in which mice received one dose of 20 mg JEV-loaded PLG microparticles, 20 mg JEV-loaded
PLA
lamellar in comparison with JEV or PBS solution, was evaluated after IP immunization of BALB/c mice. The study results show that the greatest survival was observed in the group of mice immunized with 20 mg JEV-loaded PLG microparticles and 20 mg JEV-loaded
PLA
microparticles group (80%). The JEV incorporation, physicochemical characterization data, and the animal results obtained in this study may be relevant in optimizing the vaccine incorporation and delivery properties of these potential vaccine targeting carriers.
...
PMID:Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine formulations using PLA lamellar and PLG microparticles. 1243 8
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue virus (DENV) and
Japanese encephalitis
virus (JEV) belong to the family Flaviviridae. Their viral particles have the envelope composed of viral proteins and a lipid bilayer acquired from budding through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The phospholipid content of the ER membrane differs from that of the plasma membrane (PM). The phospholipase A
2
(
PLA
2
) superfamily consists of a large number of members that specifically catalyse the hydrolysis of phospholipids at a particular position. Here we show that the CM-II isoform of secreted
PLA
2
obtained from Naja mossambica mossambica snake venom (CM-II-sPLA
2
) possesses potent virucidal (neutralising) activity against HCV, DENV and JEV, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
) of 0.036, 0.31 and 1.34 ng/ml, respectively. In contrast, the IC
50
values of CM-II-sPLA
2
against viruses that bud through the PM (Sindbis virus, influenza virus and Sendai virus) or trans-Golgi network (TGN) (herpes simplex virus) were >10,000 ng/ml. Moreover, the 50% cytotoxic (CC
50
) and haemolytic (HC
50
) concentrations of CM-II-sPLA
2
were >10,000 ng/ml, implying that CM-II-sPLA
2
did not significantly damage the PM. These results suggest that CM-II-sPLA
2
and its derivatives are good candidates for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs that target viral envelope lipid bilayers derived from the ER membrane.
...
PMID:Broad-spectrum antiviral agents: secreted phospholipase A
2
targets viral envelope lipid bilayers derived from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. 2916 67
