Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:O76050 (neu)
 3,969 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Molecular classification has raised new hopes of improving our understanding of breast cancer. Discovery of novel tumor markers that allow the identification of patients at higher risk for invasive ductal breast cancer with triple-negative phenotype remains a research and clinical priority. To evaluate the prognostic value of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein for invasive ductal breast cancer with triple-negative phenotype by correlating the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein with clinicopathologic parameters, thus determining its role in predicting tumor outcomes, 200 cases of patients with invasive ductal breast cancer, including their complete information, were obtained. Tissue microarrays were constructed; and immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2/neu, Ki-67, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. We identified 42 cases of invasive ductal breast cancer with triple-negative phenotype. Of these, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression was detected in 32 patients (80%). Significant correlations were found between X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression and primary tumor size (P = .027), and between X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression and Ki-67 index (P = .038). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a pattern of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression with impaired overall and disease-free survival in patients with the disease. Most importantly, multivariate analysis also showed statistically significant worse outcomes for patients with tumors exhibiting X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression of at least 50% compared with those with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression less than 50%. In conclusion, our results suggest that X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein is a novel biomarker and viable prognostic factor for invasive ductal breast cancer with triple-negative phenotype. Furthermore, the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein is significantly correlated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype and decreased overall and disease-free survival.
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PMID:Prognostic value of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein for invasive ductal breast cancer with triple-negative phenotype. 2038 28

siRNA therapy research has primarily focused on the synthesis and development of effective siRNA delivery vectors with easy biodegradability and low toxicity. In the present study, we synthesized a ternary copolymer mPEG-b-PLL-g-(ss-lPEI), denoted as PLI, by introducing disulfide bond linkages to graft low molecular weight linear polyethylenimine (lPEI) to the block copolymer of poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) for siRNA delivery. The PLL block and disulfide linkage rendered the carrier biodegradability, while lPEI grafting brought about the proton buffering capacity for lysosomal siRNA release and low cationic toxicity. Conjugation of a single chain monoclonal antibody (Herceptin) to the carrier as a targeting ligand for the Her2/neu receptor significantly increased the transfection activity of the copolymer/siRNA nanocomplex (i.e. the polyplex) in Skov-3, a human ovarian cancer cell line. Determination of gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels demonstrated that Her2-targeted delivery of siRNA (XIAP siRNA) effectively downregulated the targeted XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) gene, resulting in enhanced cancer cell apoptosis and improved therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The distinct features of low cytotoxicity, easy degradability, and high siRNA transfection efficiency make the copolymer a promising candidate for siRNA therapy in tumors.
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PMID:Copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(L-lysine) grafting polyethylenimine through a reducible disulfide linkage for siRNA delivery. 2434 86