Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:O76050 (neu)
 3,969 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor-associated antigens that can be recognized by the immune system include the MAGE-family, p53, MUC-1, HER2/neu and p21ras. Despite their expression of these distinct antigens, tumor elimination by the immune system is often inefficient. Postulated mechanisms include insufficient expression of co-stimulatory or adhesion molecules by tumor cells, or defective processing and presentation of antigens on their cell surfaces. Tumor cells may also evade immune attack by expressing CD95 (APO-1/Fas) ligand or other molecules that induce apoptosis in activated T cells. Here we describe RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells), a membrane molecule expressed on human cancer cells. RCAS1 acts as a ligand for a putative receptor present on various human cell lines and normal peripheral lymphocytes such as T, B and NK cells. The receptor expression was enhanced by activation of the lymphocytes. RCAS1 inhibited the in vitro growth of receptor-expressing cells and induced apoptotic cell death. Given these results, tumor cells may evade immune surveillance by expression of RCAS1, which would suppress clonal expansion and induce apoptosis in RCAS1 receptor-positive immune cells.
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PMID:Inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptotic cell death by the human tumor-associated antigen RCAS1. 1042 6

Tumors escape immune-mediated rejection by a variety of mechanisms during tumor progression. The elucidation of these mechanisms in vivo suffers from a lack of suitable models of spontaneous tumor formation escaping active specific immunotherapy (ASI). In a rat neu transgenic (rNeu-TG) mouse model of spontaneous breast tumor formation, we showed that rNeu-TG mice developed late escape tumors despite the presence of a persistent rNeu-specific immune response after ASI. Cell suspensions derived from these escape tumors grew in vaccinated tumor-free mice, whereas injected spontaneous tumor cells were rejected. Escape tumors retained rNeu or MHC class I expression but significantly upregulated Fas (CD95, Apo-1) ligand. We further demonstrated that Fas-L on escape tumor cells correlated with apoptosis of infiltrating T lymphocytes. Thus, our results provide evidence that spontaneous breast tumors upregulate Fas-L expression after vaccination that may promote tumor escape in vivo after ASI.
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PMID:Role of Fas ligand expression in promoting escape from immune rejection in a spontaneous tumor model. 1125 77

The detection of the biological parameters of the tumor before the treatment beginning becomes of more importance. The present study aimed to carry out the comparative analysis of the molecular markers expression (P53, Ki-67, Her-2/neu, Bcl-2, Bax, ER, FasL and CD95) at the cytologic and the correspondent histologic samples. The 18 tissue samples of the breast cancer were investigated. The immunocytochemical and the immunohistochemical methods of the molecular markers determination were used. Our study showed the correlation between two methods and the possibility of the use of the immunocytochemical staining as routine method of the molecular markers expression determination.
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PMID:[Comparison of immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical methods for biomarker detection in breast cancer]. 1236 40

Immunology takes reliable place in the system of diagnostics and therapy of oncological and haematological diseases. It should be noted that serodiagnostics of tumors achieved its methodological limit, since all tumor-associated antigens are already known, and the search of new serum immunological markers seems to fail. New markers have attracted attention of investigators: cytoplasmic and surface proteins and glycoproteins, being products of different genes, which control cell viability, such as Pgp170, p53, Bcl-2, CD95 (Fas/APO-1), Her-2/neu and others. All these proteins may be identified by monoclonal antibodies. At present, the identification of these biomarkers by immunohistochemical methods is beginning to use for individualization of therapy. New direction in oncohematology is biotherapy of tumors. Tumor biotherapy means the treatment of oncological patients with vaccines, immunomodulators, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies and so on. Cancer vaccinotherapy took new design due to the achievements in molecular biology and gene engineering. The great success was achieved in the therapy of tumors and leukemias by interferon preparations. Again, the great expectations seem to be in the field of cancer therapy with immunomodulators. Thus, the achievements in the treatment of oncohaematological diseases are as usual related to the achievements in immunology.
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PMID:Immunological Problems of Diagnostics and Therapy in Hematology and Oncology. 1268 51