Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:O76050 (neu)
 3,969 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six-micron paraffin sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed specimens of 24 ovarian benign and neoplastic specimens were assayed for tumor cell-specific oncogene expression by a sensitive, quantitative in situ hybridization technique with probes for 17 oncogenes, beta-actin, and E. coli beta-lactamase. In the benign, borderline, and invasive adenocarcinomas, multiple oncogenes, including neu, fes, fms, Ha-ras, trk, c-myc, fos, and PDGF-A chains, were expressed at significant levels relative to a housekeeping gene (beta-actin). In the mixed-Mullerian tumors, a rather different pattern of oncogene expression was observed, characterized primarily by expression of sis (PDGF-B chain). For the adenocarcinomas, statistical analysis demonstrated that expression of several genes (fms, neu, PDGF-A) was closely linked to others (c-fos, c-myc) known to have important roles in the control of cell proliferation, but only one gene, fms, correlated very strongly with clinicopathologic features (high FIGO histologic grade and high FIGO clinical stage) predictive of aggressive clinical behavior and poor outcome. The authors discuss the role that tumor epithelial cell expression of the fms gene product might play in the auto- and paracrine control of growth and dissemination of ovarian adenocarcinomas.
 ...
PMID:Oncogene expression in vivo by ovarian adenocarcinomas and mixed-mullerian tumors. 255 64

Recently, in addition to the detection of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of patients with solid tumors, the presence of free circulating nucleic acids in the plasma and serum has also been described. We have focused on the possibility of isolating and amplifying intact extracellular, tumor-related mRNA from the plasma/serum of patients with lung cancer. For this purpose, we established several RT-PCR-based amplification systems for the detection of a panel of five different genes. The expression of these genes was either shown to be restricted to lung tissue or associated with malignancy. We examined two small groups of 18 patients with lung cancer before and during chemotherapy, respectively. The message for beta-actin (control for integrity of the RNA) was detected in all of the analyzed sera from the control group and patients with lung cancer. Analysis of CK-19 expression was positive in the majority of tumor patients, but positive results were also shown in all of the control sera. The expression of MAGE-2 and TTF-1 genes was not observed in any of the patients in either the lymphocyte preparations or serum samples. Expression of the PGP 9.5 gene was observed in the cells of all 18 patients, but mRNA in the serum was only detectable in one case. The hnRNP-B1 mRNA was detectable in 14/18 sera, and Her2/neu-specific mRNA could be amplified from the serum of 7/18 patients. Combining the last two markers, we were able to detect all patients with a malignant lung tumor.
 ...
PMID:Detection of amplifiable messenger RNA in the serum of patients with lung cancer. 1170 76

The recent observation that studies of BRCA1-associated tumors contain a high proportion of medullary carcinomas and ductal carcinomas with medullary features has re-introduced pathologists to an old diagnostic problem. The term "medullary carcinoma" dates to the 19th century, but the modern entity was introduced in 1949 by Moore and Foote, who described a carcinoma with a lymphoid infiltrate, a favorable prognosis, and low frequency of metastasis. Almost three decades later, Ridolfi et al proposed specific criteria for diagnosis, resulting in an entity with an even more favorable prognosis and a lower incidence. The reproducibility and clinical relevance of the diagnosis have been questioned recently, and new criteria have been proposed and compared. The tumors typically express cytokeratin 7, often vimentin and S100-protein, but not cytokeratin 20. The usual ones are positive for p53 and negative for estrogen receptor, Her2/neu, and bcl-2. Medullary carcinomas express e-cadherin and beta-catenin more often than ordinary high-grade ductal carcinomas, and the former have genetic differences from the latter. The lymphoid infiltrate of medullary carcinomas is related to beta-actin fragments exposed by apoptotic cells. The present review discusses historical and recent developments and emphasizes diagnostic criteria.
 ...
PMID:Medullary carcinoma, provocative now as then. 1507 61

We examined the potential of quantitative epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, synonym: c-erbB-1) and c-erbB-2 (synonym: HER2/neu) mRNA expression to predict minor or major histopathologic response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (cis-platinum, 5-FU, 36 Gy), followed by radical surgical resection, in patients with oesophageal cancer. Tissue samples were collected by endoscopic biopsy prior to treatment. RNA was isolated from biopsies and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to determine c-erbB-1 and c-erbB-2 mRNA expression. Relative expression (tumour/paired normal tissue ratio standardised for beta-actin) was calculated for EGFR and c-erbB-2 mRNA. Expression levels were correlated with the objective histopathologic response in resected specimens. Histomorphologic regression was defined as major response when resected specimens contained less than 10% of residual vital tumour cells, or in case a pathologically complete response was achieved. Expression of c-erbB-1 mRNA was not associated with the degree of histomorphological response. In contrast, the relative expression levels of c-erbB-2 mRNA >1 were not associated with major histopathologic responses (sensitivity 41.6%, specificity 100%), and 10 out of 36 (28%) patients could be unequivocally identified, whose tumours did not respond well to the delivered neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (P<0.01). Quantitative expression levels of c-erbB-2, but not c-erbB-1 mRNA, in pretreatment biopsies appear to predict minor histopathologic response to our neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy protocol. This test could be used to prevent expensive, non effective and potentially harmful therapies in approximately one-fourth of our patients, and leads to a more individualised type of combined modality treatment.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative c-erbB-2 but not c-erbB-1 mRNA expression is a promising marker to predict minor histopathologic response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in oesophageal cancer. 1521 12

Publicly available human genomic sequence data provide an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to decode the functionality of human genome. Such information is extremely valuable in cancer prevention diagnosis and treatment. Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) are two bioinformatic infrastructures for studying functional genomics. The goal of this study is to explore the feasibility of incorporating the Internet-available bioinformatic databases to discover human breast cancer-related genes. Several tools including the Gene Finder, Virtual Northern (vNorthern) and SAGE digital gene expression displayer (DGED) were used to analyze differential gene expression between benign and malignant breast tissues. A pilot study was performed using both EST and SAGE vNorthern to analyze the expression of a panel of known genes, including high abundance genes beta-actin and G3PDH, low abundance genes BRCA1 and p53, tissue-specific genes CEA and PSA and two breast cancer-related genes Her2/neu and MUC1. We found a high expression of beta-actin and G3PDH and a low expression of BRCA1 and p53 across different types of tissues as well as a tissue-specific expression of CEA in colon and PSA in prostate. A further analysis of 30 known breast cancer-related genes in breast cancer tissues by vNorthern demonstrated a high expression of oncogenes and low expression of tumor suppressor genes. An open-end analysis of two pools of breast cancer and benign breast tissue libraries by SAGE DGED produced 53 differentially expressed genes according to the screening criteria of a >five-fold difference and p<0.01. Further analysis by EST vNorthern and virtual microarray analysis reduced the candidate genes to six, with four down-regulated genes, ANXA1, CAV1, KRT5 and MMP7, and two up-regulated genes, ERBB2 and G1P3 in breast cancer. These findings were validated by a real-time RT-PCR analysis in eight paired human breast cancer tissue samples. We conclude that the combined multiple high throughput analyses is an effective data mining strategy in cancer gene identification. This approach may improve the usage of public available genomic data through strategic data mining of high throughput analysis.
 ...
PMID:In silico identification of breast cancer genes by combined multiple high throughput analyses. 1564 32

The most common forms of luminal breast cancer (BC) were compared with basal-like and Her2/neu3+ BC. Their primary classification was based on morphological diagnosis and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2/neu receptors. Monoclonal antibodies to actins and keratins were used for the study. Basal-like BC cells (ER/PR/Her2/ neu-) were regularly stained with antibodies to basal keratins 5/6 and 17, smooth muscle alpha-actin, and p63. Luminal keratin 8 staining was reduced. The solid regions had beta-actin staining with disappearance in the scirrhous component. beta-actin and basal keratins were also observed in metaplastic BC with ER/PR/Her2/neu3+. Immunomorphology using cytoskeletal markers along with the expression of steroid hormone and Her2/neu receptors may be used in the diagnosis of basal-like forms of BC.
 ...
PMID:[Actins and keratins in the diagnosis of human basal-like breast cancer]. 2069 9