Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:O76050 (neu)
 3,969 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most incurable and least understood of all human cancers. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in males (after lung, prostate, and colon) and in females (after lung, breast, and colon) in the United States with <2-3% of patients surviving >5 years. In an attempt to search for more effective therapies for this disease, we report here, for the first time, an effective treatment, the combination of gemcitabine and auristatin-phenethylamine (PE), against an orthotopic implantation of a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (HPAC) in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Tumor implantation was performed by injecting 100 microl of the HPAC cell suspension (1 x 10(6) cells) directly into the pancreas of 5-week-old SCID mice. After implantation, tumor formation was checked twice a week. All palpable tumors were detected within 21 days (100% take rate), and tumors were confirmed histologically to be pancreatic adenocarcinoma. For the subsequent efficacy trial, tumor-bearing SCID mice were randomized into four groups with five mice in each group. One served as a control, the second received gemcitabine alone (2.5 mg/kg/injection i.p.), the third received auristatin-PE alone (2.0 mg/kg/injection i.v.), and the fourth group received the combination of gemcitabine (i.p.) and auristatin-PE (1.5 mg/kg/injection i.v.). All animals were euthanized 7 days after the completion of their treatments, and the pancreases were resected. Histological examination revealed the tumors to be adenocarcinoma. The tumors were composed of diffuse sheets of cells interrupted by glandular spaces containing secretory material. Cytologically, the tumor cells were large, pleomorphic, and hyperchromatic. Many cells contained intracellular lumina containing mucin. Immunohistochemical studies showed strong p21WAF1 (p21) expression but no immunoreactivity with p53 and Her-2/neu antibodies. The mean pancreatic weight in the gemcitabine/auristatin-PE combination group was significantly (P = 0.014) lower (0.84 +/- 0.639 g) when compared with those of the control (2.91 +/- 1.19 g) and gemcitabine alone (1.84 +/- 0.796 g; P = 0.064) groups. In addition, the mean weight in the combination group approached statistical significance when compared with the auristatin-PE group alone (1.16 +/- 0.635 g; P = 0.028). We conclude that the combination of gemcitabine and auristatin-PE is an effective treatment against HPAC tumors in this xenograft model and more effective than treatment with either gemcitabine or auristatin-PE alone and could be considered for future animal studies with pancreas cancer and/or for human clinical trials.
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PMID:An orthotopic model of human pancreatic cancer in severe combined immunodeficient mice: potential application for preclinical studies. 956 82

Not uncommonly, bile duct adenomas (BDAs) and hamartomas (BDHs) of the liver may be difficult to distinguish from metastatic well-differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. However, this distinction is critical for proper staging and patient management. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a panel of immunohistochemical stains can help distinguish BDA or BDH from metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the liver. Routinely processed tissue sections from 25 BDA, 10 BDH, 25 metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas to the liver and 6 cases each of metastatic colorectal, breast, and lung adenocarcinomas were immunohistochemically stained for CK7, CK8/CK18, CK19, CK20, p53, p63, TAG-72, monoclonal CEA (mCEA), polyclonal CEA (pCEA), HER-2/neu, AMACR (alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase), Dpc4 (Smad4), and mesothelin. The slides were evaluated in a blinded fashion, and the results were compared between the benign and malignant lesions. Significantly more (P < 0.05) metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas were positive for CK20 (76%), p53 (60%), TAG-72 (88%), mCEA (92%), HER2/neu (40%), and mesothelin (64%) and showed loss of Dpc4 (44%), in comparison to BDA (CK20, 40%; p53, 0%; TAG-72, 0%; mCEA, 0%; HER2/neu, 12%; mesothelin, 0%; loss of Dpc4, 0%) or BDH (CK20, 10%; p53, 0%; TAG-72, 0%; mCEA, 10%; HER2/neu, 0%; mesothelin, 0%; loss of Dpc4, 0%). Of these antibodies, p53, TAG-72, mCEA, loss of Dpc4, and mesothelin had the highest specificity for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with mCEA having the highest sensitivity (92%). No significant differences were observed in the degree of CK7, CK8/CK18, CK19, or pCEA expression between the three types of lesions. Although none of the BDA or BDH was positive for either p63 or AMACR, two of the metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas (8%) were positive for each of these peptides (P > 0.05). For nonpancreatic adenocarcinomas, mCEA showed a reasonably high sensitivity and 100% specificity in the differential diagnosis versus BDA. Immunohistochemical expression of p53, TAG-72, mCEA, mesothelin, and loss of Dpc4 can help distinguish metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the liver from BDA or BDH. Although p63 and AMACR are also specific for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, their low sensitivity limits their use in clinical practice.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry can help distinguish metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas from bile duct adenomas and hamartomas of the liver. 1572 8