Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:O75628 (REM)
 5,581 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 51 normal young female subjects, stimulation by name calling or by intermittent photic stimulation was given during sleep. At different intervals after the stimulation, the subject was awakened and asked if she could recall it. If alpha activity had not been elicited by the stimulus, there was no recall. If the time occupied by alpha activity evoked by the stimulation was more than 30 sec, the stimulus could be recalled after a long period of sleep. When the evoked alpha activity lasted for less than 30 sec and the subject slept again, the longer the evoked alpha activity, the longer the sleeping time span with the memory retention of the preceding stimulation. With equal durations of evoked alpha activity, retention of the stimulus was better when the sleep following was REM stage than when it was NREM stage (stage 2). The results might be explained by the assumption that process of consolidation takes place most rapidly during wakefulness and is inhibited during sleep but to a lesser degree during REM stage than during NREM stage (stage 2).
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PMID:Memory retention of stimulations during REM and NREM stages of sleep. 7 45

Two narcoleptic and 2 normal poodle or mixed poodle dogs were polygraphically monitored for 48 h with one narcoleptic and one normal monitored concurrently. Data were categorized by 15-sec epochs into wakefulness, light sleep, slow wave sleep, REM sleep, cataplexy (immobility preceded by wakefulness with partial or complete electromyographic quiescence and pronounced theta activity from subcortical leads), and atonia with no theta (15-30 sec periods like cataplexy but without theta). In narcoleptics we could see no gross differences between the polygraphic records of cataplexy and those of REM sleep; scoring distinctions between the two states depended on the antecedent state. Results indicated that narcoleptic dogs do not differ from normals with respect to percent of time spent in wakefulness (39.8% vs. 42.6%), light sleep (16.2% vs. 18.4%), or slow wave sleep (27.2% vs. 28.0%). Narcoleptic dogs spent slightly less time than normals in REM sleep (6.9% vs. 11.1%) and spend 9.1% and 0.8% of the recording time in cataplexy and atonia with no theta respectively. Normal dogs presented neither of these pathological states.
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PMID:Sleep studies on canine narcolepsy: pattern and cycle comparisons between affected and normal dogs. 7 49

In 12 rhesus monkeys, made epileptic by injection of alumina cream into the temporal lobe structures, the changes of spike frequency were studied in wakefulness and natural sleep on 78 occasions. Five monkeys had a focus in the lateral surface of the temporal lobe and seven had a focus in the mediotemporal structures. Basic cortical and subcortical EEG patterns, recorded through chronic indwelling electrodes, showed fairly consistent changes in the course of natural sleep, allowing a classification of the sleep into stages. During slow wave sleep, the focal spikes increased in all 12 cases. The increase was more prominent during the light stage of slow wave sleep in the neocortical foci and during deep stage in the mediotemporal foci. During REM sleep, the mediotemporal foci showed a marked decrease of spiking, whereas changes in the neocortical foci were inconsistent.
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PMID:The influence of natural sleep on focal spiking in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy in the monkey. 7 49

In the course of polygraphic studies of night sleep the authors recorded respiration through the right and left nostrils by means of two thermoelements. They observed a peculiar and unexpected phenomenon: during the REM sleep phase of the 3rd sleep cycle of 4 healthy persons with 6 full night recordings, respiration through the left nostril stopped, whereas it increased both in frequency and amplitude through the right nostril. This type of respiration continued until awakening. In 2 patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy and in 2 others with idiopathic hypersomnia (8 nights recorded) the same phenomenon was observed with the difference that respiration disappeared on the right side and was preserved on the left side. Furthermore, these changes occurred earlier than in healthy persons. The above changes could be explained by congestion of the venous plexi of the nose.
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PMID:Some peculiar changes in the pattern of respiration connected with REM sleep. A preliminary report. 7 19

A 14-year-old female with epilepsia partialis continua was explored stereo-electroencephalographically (SEEG). SEEG, EEG and EMG were recorded synchronously on a 32-channel machine and stored on magnetic tape for off-line analysis. The beginning of the myoclonus was used as trigger for the analysis of the intracerebral activity, which was analysed by averaging. Thereby the generating potentials of the jerks became evident. They had different maxima and latencies relative to the facial and hand muscles: that for m. orbicularis oculi was located in the precentral gyrus, the beginning of its positive deflection was 17 msec earlier than the muscle action potential; that for the thenar muscles had a latency of 24 msec, appeared at first in the premotor cortex and with a slight delay, but with greater amplitude in the corona radiata and capsula interna. Stimulation of the lateral area 4 elicited myoclonus which corresponded to the spontaneous one in distribution and latency. Stimulation of the thalamic VL nucleus had no effect. During deep sleep the frequency of the myoclonus was diminished. REM sleep was preceded and followed by a definite increase of jerking. The pattern, topography and latency of the generating potentials in waking and sleeping were very similar. In this way quantitative evidence of the neocortical origin of Epc is given and therefore a precise delineation of the epileptogenic focus.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of intracerebral recordings in epilepsia partialis continua. 7 22

This study examined the immediate influence of intravenous amino acids and glucose on sleep as measured by all-night EEG recording. The study on 9 normal female subjects was of a latin-square design. Slow wave sleep (SWS) was increased by both solutions whilst dream sleep (REM) was decreased by amino acids and increased by glucose. Total sleep time was not affected. Subjective feelings as to restlessness, quality and depth of sleep under the impact of the various solutions were gathered. The work further elucidates the effect of nutrition on sleep and supports certain theories as to the function of the main sleep component.
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PMID:The immediate effects of intravenous specific nutrients on EEG sleep. 7 34

(1) The sleep pattern of 23 children, aged 5-12 years, with episodic nocturnal phenomena (night-terrors, somnambulism, rhythmic movements) was recorded during two successive nights. It was compared with that of a group of 21 normal children of the same age. (2) In the pathological group, slow wave sleep (SLP, stages 3 and 4) was significantly shortened during the 2 nights. This deficit mainly involved the first 3h of sleep. (3) As for the slow wave sleep, REM sleep (SP) modifications prevailed during the first hours of sleep. The first REM period was delayed and preceded by more numerous and atypical partial REM periods. The duration of the first REM period increased faster as a function of its latency than in the normal child. (4) In contrast with this difficulty for REM sleep to occur during the first part of the night, the subsequent REM sleep pattern was similar in the 2 groups (total REM sleep duration, mean REM period duration, mean REM cycle duration). For equal latencies, REM periods had similar duration. Finally, the total REM sleep amount was a linear function of the total sleep time, with more or less identical coefficients for the two groups. (5) The part played by these modifications during the first hours of sleep in the occurrence of night terrors and somnambulism is discussed.
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PMID:[Sleep in children with episodic sleep phenomena: a comparison with the normal child]. 7 58

REM sleep in 35 inpatients with primary depression was automatically analyzed for 7 consecutive nights during placebo administration. For the total night of sleep, as well as each individual REM period, the number of REMs, their total voltage integral over time, the sum of their durations and the average REM size were automatically calculated. Validity of these automated REM measures was established by significant correlations with manually scored REM measures. Changes in REM sleep across the night were also investigated. Similar to findings in normal subjects, REM time did not change from REM period to REM period. Average REM size increased significantly from REM period 2-3 and 3-4. Contrary to what is seen in normal subjects, REM frequency was high during the first REM period, significantly decreased from the first to second REM period and then remained constant. Finally, a significant inverse correlation between REM frequency for the first REM period and REM latency was noted. This pattern of REM sleep is interpreted as indicating a high pressure for phasic REM at the beginning of the night which is dissipated by the first REM period.
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PMID:REM sleep in primary depression: a computerized analysis. 7 59

Eye movement potentials during wakefulness (EMPs) and so-called spike (PGO) activities were studied in 4 adult baboons before and after optic nerve (ON) section. The latter was performed either in two stages at a 23-day interval or simultaneously. During wakefulness in the intact animal, triphasic EMPs were observed in darkness with smaller amplitude and longer duration than in the light. After section of one ON, the 3 EMP components persisted, but with a smaller amplitude of the first wave. After section of the second ON morphological changes appeared: the amplitude and duration of the potentials were intermediate between those noted in darkness and light but with an intermingled sharp spike. Geniculate EMPs reappeared 11 days after simultaneous ON section, with the same evolution as previously described. During slow wave and REM sleep, intact animals presented lateral geniculate (LG) monophasic and biphasic spikes, called spikes I and II. At the cortex, they occurred either generalized or limited to one area (anterior or posterior) and were called pontogeniculocortical spikes (PGC). After section of one ON, the pattern of occurrence of phasic activities remained identical in LG. Sharp spikes (spike III) appeared; then their occurrence increased. At the end of the second month after the second section, only spikes II and III remained, spike I disappearing, while PGC amplitude diminished. When both ONs were cut simultaneously, spike III was observed from the first day and PGC activity tended to disappear partially for 11 days. Their later evolution was similar to that noted previously. However, changes were seen earlier (the highest rate of spike III occurring at day 35). In both cases, PGC spikes at the cortex increased in amplitude and frequency of occurrence.
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PMID:[Effects of optic nerve section in baboons on the geniculate and cortical spike activity during various states of vigilance]. 7 4

EEG rhythms recorded during the various states of alertness and sleep--waking cycles were studied in 4 baboons before and after optic nerve section. Visual deafferentation induced a general increase in amplitude of all the cortical rhythms, with general accentuation of pre-existing activities such as occipital eye movement potentials (EMPs), the fronto-rolandic rhythm and the alpha rhythm, spindles, REM ponto-geniculo-cortical (PGC) spikes; an increase in amplitude of the geniculate rhythmic activity, its frequency and occurrence was also noticed. When the blind baboons were placed in a monotonous environment, sleep--waking cycles occurred at any time of the 24 h. Total sleep time and total REM duration were not changed; however, deep sleep (stages 3 and 4) duration decreased (by around 50%) whereas stages 1 and 2 increased. The light factor thus plays a role in the sleep--waking cycle organization. However, its influence does to seem to be essential since its loss can be compensated by auditory stimulation. Finally, light possibly influences the systems involved in slow wave sleep regulation.
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PMID:[Effects of optic nerve section in baboons on the EEG activity and sleep-waking cycles]. 7 5


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