Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:O75191 (H. influenzae)
 4,961 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacterial isolates from the patients with pulmonary infections have been collected over these 3 years, in collaboration with investigators at 13 hospitals in various parts of Japan for the study on frequency of isolation of pathogens among the patients and their drug susceptibilities. Possible causative pathogens mainly isolated from sputum in patients with lower respiratory tract infections during period from September 1983 to March 1984, were collected. The frequency of bacterial isolates from the sputum and their drug susceptibility on H. influenzae among the various pathogens are discussed. The kinds of bacterial species isolated from the patients with respiratory tract infections associated with chronic bronchitis, chronic capillary bronchitis or bronchiectasis and their relative frequency of isolation were as follows; Total numbers of bacterial isolates collected from various hospitals were 220 strains in 1981, 168 strains 1982 and 258 strains in 1983. H. influenzae was always isolated with highest frequency of 50.5% in 1981, 45.8% in 1982 and 40.7% in 1983, and followed by P. aeruginosa (24.1%), S. aureus (8.2%), S. pneumoniae (7.3%) and K. pneumoniae (5.9%) and E. coli (4.1%) in 1981; P. aeruginosa (30.4%), S. pneumoniae (11.9%), S. aureus (4.8%), K. pneumoniae (3.0%) and E. coli (1.8%) in 1982; P. aeruginosa (26.7%), S. pneumoniae (10.1%), S. aureus (7.8%), K. pneumoniae (3.5%) and E. coli (3.5%) in 1983. The drug susceptibility test of H. influenzae to ampicillin (ABPC), piperacillin (PIPC), mezlocillin (MZPC), sulbenicillin (SBPC), gentamicin (GM), amikacin (AMK), cefotiam (CTM), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX) and latamoxef (LMOX) was done by using agar micro-broth dilution methods. H. influenzae was most markedly susceptible to cephems of the third generation, especially to CMX, CZX and CTX by which about 95% of H. influenzae tested were inhibited the growth under the concentration with less than or equal to 0.10 microgram/ml of the drugs. Furthermore, annual changes in susceptibility of H. influenzae to various antibiotics was analyzed over the period from 1981 to 1983. The frequency of S. pneumoniae isolated from patients with chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis was about 10% in this survey. However, in the case of respiratory infections associated with bacterial pneumonia, the frequencies were as follows; 24.8% (77 cases/311 cases) in 1981, 17.7% (44 cases/248 cases) in 1982, and 11.0% (39 cases/355 cases) in 1983. The frequency of isolation of S. pneumoniae decreased every year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections to antibiotics (1983)]. 393 15

BRL 25000 granules, a formulation consisting of amoxicillin (AMPC) and clavulanic acid (CVA), was evaluated in the field of pediatrics. In a pharmacokinetic study, serum concentrations were determined in a patient after oral administration of BRL 25000 granules in the non-fasting state at a dose of 11.76 mg/kg. The serum levels of amoxicillin (AMPC) and clavulanic acid (CVA) 1 hour after administration were 7.76 micrograms/ml and 6.64 micrograms/ml, with biological half-lives of 0.86 hour and 0.88 hour respectively. The serum concentration profile at a dose of 31.58 mg/kg showed almost the same tendency as at 11.76 mg/kg, although the peak level and biological half-life of the serum concentrations were not obtained. These serum levels and their peak levels were considered reasonable compared with those obtained in adults at similar dose levels. In clinical studies, 34 patients were evaluated including 8 patients with acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis, 1 patient with acute bronchitis, 1 patient with bronchopneumonia, 23 patients with scarlet fever and 1 patient with pertussis. BRL 25000 granules were administered orally 3-4 times per day for 4-8 days to 2 patients at doses of 20 approximately less than 30 mg/kg/day, to 18 patients at doses of 30 approximately less than 40 mg/kg/day, to 11 patients at doses of 40 less than approximately 50 mg/kg/day, and to 3 patients at doses of 50-60 mg/kg/day. The clinical response was assessed excellent in 13 cases and good in 21 cases giving an overall clinical efficacy rate of 100% (34/34). The causative organisms were isolated in 17 cases and included 12 strains of Streptococcus group A, 2 S. pneumoniae, 3 H. influenzae and 1 H. parainfluenzae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules in the field of pediatrics]. 400 50

Clinical application to ascertain the effects of aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic, upon several infectious diseases of children was performed in 7 cases with pneumonia, 5 cases with acute bronchitis, each case with tonsillitis, enterocolitis, urinary tract infection and suspected sepsis. ASPC was injected by drip infusion and the dosage was 63-117 mg/kg/day in 3 and 4 times a day. Clinical efficacy obtained as "excellent" was in 7 cases, "good" in 8 cases "poor" in 1 case, and efficacy rate was 93.8%. From the bacteriological point of view, eliminated in each of H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, group A beta-Streptococcus and unchanged in a case of E. coli. There were transient thrombocytopenia in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 3 cases.
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PMID:[The therapeutic effects of aspoxicillin on various infectious diseases in children]. 406 26

Aztreonam (AZT) was evaluated for its safety, clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. AZT was effective in all the 16 children with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The diagnoses included acute bronchitis and pneumonia (11), UTI (2), UTI with bacteremia (1), purulent meningitis (1) and acute mucositis (1). The etiologic agents were H. influenzae (10), B. catarrhalis (1), N. meningitidis group C (1), E. coli (3) and P. aeruginosa (2). The serum half-life was approximately 1.2 hours after intravenous bolus injection. Penetration into the inflamed cerebrospinal fluid was good not only in acute purulent meningitis but also in viral meningitis. From the present study, AZT is a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluations of aztreonam in children]. 409 55

Microbiological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) were carried out in the field of pediatrics. Antimicrobial activity The MIC80 of SBT/CPZ was 6.25 micrograms/ml for clinically isolated 24 strains of S. aureus (24 beta-lactamase producing strains), 0.39 micrograms/ml for 17 strains of S. pyogenes, 3.13 micrograms/ml for 24 strains of E. coli (22 beta-lactamase producing strains), 3.13 micrograms/ml for 22 strains of K. pneumoniae (22 beta-lactamase producing strains), 1.56 micrograms/ml for 22 strains of P. mirabilis and 0.20 microgram/ml for 15 strains of H. influenzae (13 beta-lactamase producing strains). In comparison with CPZ in respect to the MIC, SBT/CPZ exhibited synergistic effect on 31 strains out of 81 beta-lactamase producing strains (included 6 strains of S. aureus, 9 of E. coli, 5 of K. pneumoniae and 11 of H. influenzae) which was scarcely observed against 43 non-beta-lactamase producing strains. Absorption and excretion Serum levels and urinary excretion of SBT/CPZ were studied in 7 children aged 5 to 12 years. The mean serum concentration of SBT at 15 minutes following a single intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg of SBT/CPZ was 14.2 micrograms/ml and that of CPZ was 30.4 micrograms/ml. The mean urinary recovery rates at 6 hours following the intravenous injection were 57.8% and 18.3%, respectively. The mean serum concentrations of SBT and CPZ after 1-hour infusion of 10 mg/kg of SBT/CPZ were 10.9 micrograms/ml and 17.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. The urinary recovery rates of SBT and CPZ at 7 hours after the infusion were 100.0% and 27.7% on average, respectively. The mean serum levels of SBT and CPZ at 15 minutes after a single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of SBT/CPZ were 25.6 micrograms/ml and 66.0 micrograms/ml, respectively and urinary elimination until up to 6 hours were 72.5% on average for SBT and 21.1% for CPZ. Clinical study SBT/CPZ was used for the treatment of a total of 20 pediatric patients aged 1 month to 14 years to evaluate its clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse effects. The clinical efficacy in 6 patients with acute pneumonia, 3 with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 each with acute purulent tonsillitis and acute pyelonephritis, 1 each with acute purulent lymphadenitis, acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis, peritonitis and acute enteritis was judged to be excellent in 15 cases and good in 3 cases with an efficacy ratio of 100%. The clinical efficacy in 6 patients whose infections were caused by beta-lactamase producing strains was judged to be excellent in all the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 65

Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX), developed by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. in Switzerland, was used for the pediatric infections and the following results were obtained. The mean blood level of CTRX in 2 children after a 60-minute intravenous drip infusion with 20 mg/kg was 58.6 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 75.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 39.85 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 27.74 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 20.71 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, 11.72 micrograms/ml at 12 hours and 3.91 micrograms/ml at 24 hours while the half-life time was 5.9 hours in one child and 7.6 hours in the other. CTRX was used in 22 children with acute infections consisting of 3 with acute pharyngeal tonsillitis, 4 with acute bronchitis, 8 with bronchopneumonia, 6 with infections of skin soft tissue and 1 with salmonellosis. The results were excellent in 5 cases and good in 17, indicating an efficacy rate of 100%. Out of 10 cases where the causative strains were detected, 4 cases were followed about the activities of the respective bacteria, i.e., H. influenzae, Streptococcus group A, S. aureus and Salmonella group B, all of which were eradicated after the end of administration. The daily dose of CTRX ranged from 30 to 50 mg/kg and generally a larger dose was used for serious infections. CTRX was administered twice daily in 20 out of 22 cases, by an intravenous injection in 4 and an intravenous drip infusion in 18, for 2 to 4 days in 16 and 5 to 8 1/2 days in 6. No clinical adverse reactions were observed while the laboratory test found a slight elevation of GOT in one and that of GOT and GPT in another. From the above results, CTRX was judged to be a highly useful drug for treatment of pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in the pediatric field]. 609 21

Adult patients with bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract were given either cefoperazone or cefamandole in a multicenter clinical study of the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of cefoperazone. Clinical diagnoses included pneumonia, bronchitis, lung abscess, and bronchiectasis. Efficacy was evaluated in 119 patients given cefoperazone and 73 patients given cefamandole. Major pathogens isolated included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Satisfactory clinical responses were noted for 96% of the patients in both treatment groups, including 14 of 17 patients given cefoperazone who were primarily infected with P. aeruginosa. Satisfactory bacteriologic responses were noted for 88% of the group given cefoperazone and 89% of the group given cefamandole. Adverse reactions related to the antibiotic occurred infrequently in each treatment group. The results of this study indicate that cefoperazone is a safe and effective antibiotic for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus, and many gram-negative bacilli, including susceptible strains of P. aeruginosa, in adult patients.
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PMID:Multicentered clinical evaluation of cefoperazone for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. 622 83

Studies on the antibacterial activity, absorption and excretion and also clinical investigation in the field of pediatrics have been carried out with cefotiam (SCE-963, CTM), a new cephalosporin antibiotic. 1) The MICs of CTM against the following clinical isolates were measured and compared with those of CEZ: S. aureus (81 strains), E. coli (27) and K. pneumoniae (27), with CTM being inferior by 1 tube in S. aureus, being superior by 2 to 3 tubes in E. coli and by about 2 - 3 tubes in K. pneumoniae. 2) Absorption and excretion. After intravenous one shot injection at dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, the peak in the serum concentration was shown in the 15-minute value with 18.1 and 36.6 mcg/ml for 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The half-life in ;the serum was 1.14 and 0.61 hours, respectively. In the case of 1-hour intravenous drip infusion at a dose level of 10 mg/kg, it was 14.3 mcg/ml, with 0.98-hour half-life in the serum. The recovery rates from the urine within 0 to 6 hours were 50.6% and 66.2% in the case of intravenous one shot injection at dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively, with 71.1% in the case of the 1-hour intravenous drip infusion. 3) Two to 3 hours after intravenous one shot injection of CTM in H. influenzae-meningitis every 4 hours at a dose level of 62.5 mg/kg at one time, the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of CTM was only 2.12 to 10.0 mcg/ml, and this fact suggests that CTM is a useful cephalosporin for treating purulent meningitis. 4) CTM was administered in 19 clinical cases, with the results being: excellent in 4 out of 4 cases of bronchitis; excellent in 5 and good in 1 out of 6 cases of pneumonia; excellent in 3 cases of pyelitis; good in purulent parotitis, purulent meningitis and bacterial pericarditis; and excellent in peritonsillar abscess, purulent osteomyelitis and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (S.S.S.S.). No side effects have been observed in all cases. As for abnormal laboratory findings, 3 cases of eosinophilia were seen.
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PMID:[Evaluation of cefotiam in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 17

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed as follows on ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic. 1. Susceptibility of clinically isolated bacteria to CZX and cefotiam (CTM) or sulbenicillin (SBPC). Antibacterial activities of CZX and CTM were compared against S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, H. influenzae and E. aerogenes; CZX was compared with SBPC against Ps. aeruginosa. CZX and CTM were nearly equal in activity against S. aureus, but CZX was found to be more active than CTM by 1--10 tubes against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, H. influenzae and E. aerogenes. Against Ps. aeruginosa, CZX and SBPC were nearly equal in activity. 2. Serum concentration and urinary recovery. Serum concentrations of CZX were measured in 6 patients given CZX for prophylactic purpose during cardiac catheterization. In 2 patients given 20 mg/kg of CZX intravenously, the average serum concentration was 38.9 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after intravenous bolus injection. In 3 patients given 10 mg/kg of CZX by intravenous drip infusion, the peak average serum concentration was 28.1 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion. Urinary recovery in 2 patients tested was 81.1% and 92.5% until 6--7 hours after intravenous bolus injection. 3. Clinical efficacy. CZX was given intravenously to 24 patients in doses of 30--111 mg/kg (57.1 mg/kg on an average) t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 3--16 days (5.5 days on an average): 1 with lacunar tonsillitis, 4 with acute bronchitis, 12 with pneumonia, 2 with enterocolitis, 2 with soft tissue infection, 2 with lymphadenitis and 1 with UTI. The overall efficacy rate was 95.8%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 10 (41.7%), good in 13 (54.2%), and poor in 1 (4.2%). Bacteriological efficacy was excellent, i.e. 21 of the 23 strains disappeared. One patient had mild and transient diarrhea, but no other laboratory abnormalities were observed during treatment. The above results suggest that CZX is 1 of the most useful antibiotics for treating pediatric infections, especially due to Gram negative bacteria.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of ceftizoxime in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 627 7

Fundamental and clinical studies in the pediatric field on ceftizoxime were carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1. In 4 children age from 3 years to 5 years, the serum concentrations and urinary excretion of ceftizoxime in a dose of 20 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion over 60 minutes were measured. The peak serum levels were 22.0--84.0 microgram/ml (mean 45.0 microgram/ml) at the end of infusion. The mean serum levels after the end of infusion were 16.9 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 12.1 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 6.2 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 1.6 microgram/ml at 4 hours and 0.6 microgram/ml at 6 hours, with mean serum half-life (T 1/2) of 1.03 hours, mean urinary recovery rate was 64.9% up to 6 hours. 2. Concentrations of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid in 1 patient with purulent meningitis at 30 minutes after an intravenous drip infusion of about 33.3 mg/kg were 0.2 to 1.5 microgram/ml, which were 8 to 60 times higher than the MICs of the causative organisms. 3. Ceftizoxime was administered to 38 children with pneumonia, bronchitis, Salmonella enteritis, purulent meningitis, etc. in the daily dose of 44--200 mg/kg for 3--19 days. Clinical response was excellent in 24, good in 12, poor in 1 and unknown in 1. The drug was proved to be very effective in 1 case of purulent meningitis due to H. influenzae. As for side effect, eruption was observed in only 1 case.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies in pediatric field on ceftizoxime (author's transl)]. 627 12


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