Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:O75191 (H. influenzae)
 4,961 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the four years period from 1988 to 1991, 50 pediatric patients were diagnosed to have bacterial meningitis, out of a total number of 9057 pediatric admissions at Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia, and 82% were less than two years of age. The causative organisms were isolated in 27 (54%) patients. The bacteria grown included Haemophilus influenzae type B in 8 patients (29.6%), Neisseria meningitidis in 8 patients (29.6%), Streptococcus pneumonia in 6 (22%) patients, and other bacteria in 5 patients (18.5%). Cerebro spinal fluid cultures from twenty three patients (46%) showed no organisms, however their clinical and C.S.F. findings were compatible with bacterial meningitis. One case of H. influenzae type B was resistant to ampicillin. Six patients died with an over all mortality of 12%, and 10 patients (20%) developed some kind of C.N.S. sequelae. Partially treated meningitis formed a large percentage of our sample.
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PMID:Bacterial meningitis in Saudi children. 134 Aug 60

A prospective study of acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children in Kumasi, Ghana identified 69 cases by culture or antigen detection. Of these, 50.7% (n = 35) were S. pneumoniae, 34.8% (n = 24) N. meningitidis and 14.5% (n = 10) H. influenzae. The mortality for each pathogen was 36.4%, 17.4% and 30%, respectively, showing no significant difference. In pneumococcal meningitis, the most significant clinical factor associated with an increased mortality rate or subsequent neurological sequelae was a lowered level of consciousness at admission (chi 2 = 8.66, d.f. = 1, p = 0.003). Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined in the 40 positive isolates. Six cases of N. meningitidis and two of S. pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant, and there was a single case of chloramphenicol-resistant S. pneumoniae.
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PMID:A study of bacterial meningitis in Kumasi, Ghana. 138 87

The isolation from patients of meningitis, of two multidrug resistant strains of H. influenzae is of relevance to the empirical treatment of meningitis patients. The isolates produced beta lactamase and had higher MICs as compared to the four H. influenzae strains sensitive to the drugs commonly used for the treatment of meningitis. The cephalosporins and gentamicin were found to be effective antibiotic agents. The occurrence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cloxacillin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, penicillin and erythromycin is of concern.
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PMID:Multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b causing meningitis. 139 8

In a total of 149 children with purulent meningitis we encountered in our institute in the last 20 years, the causatives, the changes in therapeutic management and the prognosis were investigated. The causatives could be detected in 109 patients (73%): H. influenzae; 30 patients (20%), S. pneumoniae; 18 patients (12%), E. coli; 13 patients (9%), GBS; 7 patients (5%) and S. aureus; 6 patients (4%). These five causatives were detected in 49% of the total patients, or 67% of the patients in whom causatives could be detected. Of these five causatives, E. coli were detected the most frequently in the first half of 1970's, but, in recent years, the detection of GBS, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae has been remarkably increasing. In spite of progress in antibiotics, the prognosis of the disease due to S. pneumoniae, GBS and S. aureus was poor. In the majority of the patients who died, the death came within five days after hospitalization due to loss of consciousness, convulsion etc. It is therefore necessary not only to initiate strong antibiotic treatment as soon as possible after early diagnosis, but also to take symptomatic measures such as steroidal treatment, treatment of shock etc.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on pediatric purulent meningitis--statistical analysis of etiology and therapy]. 140 8

In a developing country like Nigeria, the unusual emergence of Haemophilus influenzae type b, resistant to cost-effective antimicrobials, is of serious concern. We report three cases of H. influenzae type b meningitis in young Nigerian children in whom clinical and bacteriological features of resistance to chloramphenicol were identified. One of the cases had concomitant resistance to ampicillin (multiple-drug resistance). Significant anaemia was an associated feature in two cases, one of whom had a recent measles infection. All three cases were malnourished. The possible mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in H. influenzae infections are highlighted while the need for periodic surveillance of antibiotic resistance profiles in resource-poor countries is emphasized. The potential value of prophylactic measures like H. influenzae type b conjugate immunization is discussed.
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PMID:Chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in young urban Nigerian children. 146 21

Among the 157 children with culture proven pyogenic meningitis who were admitted during 1987-1991, in the Department of Child Health at the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, 40 had H. influenzae type b (HIB) meningitis; 17 of these had multiantimicrobial resistant HIB (MRHIB) and 23 others had usual susceptibility HIB (USHIB) meningitis. The two groups were compared. Children with MRHIB meningitis who received optimal treatment with cefotaxime had excellent recovery. When cefotaxime therapy was delayed, mortality was noted in all except one child who survived with severe neurological sequelae. MRHIB meningitis treated with drugs other than cefotaxime had 100 per cent mortality. Cefotaxime is therefore recommended in children below 3 yr of age presenting with purulent meningitis, as MRHIB is a possible causative agent in this group.
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PMID:Occurrence of multiple antimicrobial resistance among Haemophilus influenzae type b causing meningitis. 147 26

Between February, 1988, and June, 1990, the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the HbOC (oligosaccharide conjugate Haemophilus influenza type b) vaccine was evaluated in a prelicensure trial performed in a study population of 61,080 children within the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. In this evaluation the HbOC vaccine was found to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious in infancy. Since licensure an estimated 162,000 additional doses of HbOC vaccine have been given to 75,000 additional children. In addition to reporting on extended follow-up of this population, this publication reports on the impact of immunizing a high proportion of the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program population in infancy and early childhood on the epidemiology of invasive disease caused by H. influenzae type b (Hib) and invasive disease caused by non-type b H. influenzae. As of January 31, 1992, six cases of Hib invasive disease have been identified in vaccinated children. Of these five occurred in children who had received only one dose of vaccine in infancy. One case of Hib meningitis occurred in a 3 1/2-year-old child who had received doses of HbOC at 2, 4 and 6 months of age but no further doses of any Hib vaccines. During 1991 a total of three cases of invasive disease caused by Hib were observed in children younger than 18 months of age within the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. This represents a 94% reduction in disease incidence in this age group from that observed in the years 1984 to 1987.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunization with oligosaccharide conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (HbOC) vaccine on a large health maintenance organization population: extended follow-up and impact on Haemophilus influenzae disease epidemiology. The Kaiser Permanente Pediatric Vaccine Study Group. 152 69

Eighty-five American Indian children less than 16 years of age with Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia were retrospectively determined to have been treated as outpatients after their initial evaluation. We hoped to determine the proportion that developed new foci, the time interval to this development and whether age or temperature at presentation predicted outcome. Fifty-one (60%) presented with nonfocal findings. Seventy-two (85%) were treated with antibiotics at the initial visit. Although 49 (58%) of the patients were never hospitalized, a new focus was identified in 25 (29%), including 13 (15%) with a final diagnosis of meningitis. The new foci were identified within 6 days of presentation (median, 2 days). An additional 15 (18%) patients had no new focus but were febrile and/or ill at follow-up. All patients with meningitis or a second positive culture were hospitalized at the first follow-up visit. Age and temperature at presentation did not help predict outcome. All patients with H. influenzae bacteremia require prompt reevaluation and close follow-up by an experienced physician.
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PMID:Children with Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia initially treated as outpatients: outcome in 85 American Indian children. 152 41

One hundred two invasive and 64 noninvasive isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were collected in the course of a 2-year prospective field study on the epidemiology of H. influenzae meningitis in The Gambia. The isolates were serotyped, biotyped, and subtyped by outer membrane protein (OMP) profile analysis (OMP subtyping). H. influenzae meningitis was found to be caused by serotype b (95%). In invasive disease, serotype a, although present in the throat of healthy children, caused only occasionally (5.9%) disease. The distribution of biotypes of H. influenzae appeared to be very similar to that found outside The Gambia. A distinct pattern of OMP subtypes, different from other parts of the world, is prevalent in H. influenzae type b (Hib) in The Gambia. OMP subtypes 2, 4, 5, 8, and 9 were observed to be predominant. These subtypes, except subtype 2, have not been described. L subtypes (subtypes 2, 4, and 8) were associated with invasive disease, whereas non-L subtypes (subtypes 5 and 9) were found more often in healthy carriers (P less than 0.001). A significant difference in geographical distribution was found in subtypes of noninvasive Hib strains (P less than 0.05). We conclude that in The Gambia H. influenzae invasive disease is caused mainly by type b strains with a limited number of OMP subtypes, which are different from the subtypes found elsewhere in the world. These data are important for the surveillance of Hib disease in developing countries and are baseline data for a Hib polyribosyl-ribitolphosphate-conjugated vaccine trial in The Gambia. Alternative Hib OMP vaccines should include a set of representative OMPs.
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PMID:Molecular epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b in the Gambia. 153 7

Increasing numbers of immigrants from the former Soviet Union are settling in the United States each year, making it imperative for clinicians to know how to find and interpret immigrant children's immunization records. Records show that these children have usually received immunizations against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps and tuberculosis (BCG). They are occasionally vaccinated against influenza, smallpox and tularemia, but never against rubella, hepatitis B or H. influenzae meningitis. The Soviet immunization schedule differs significantly from the U.S. schedule only in BCG vaccine and polio immunization. Contrary to widespread belief in the United States, BCG vaccination does not necessarily render a child's tuberculin skin test positive, and it certainly does not confer total immunity to tuberculosis. MMR vaccination is essential for all Soviet immigrant children. A single update of all the other immunizations may be a wise approach when handling Soviet children's immunizations.
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PMID:Clinical management of immigrants' immunization histories: a focus on Soviet health records and BCG. 157 76


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