Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:O75191 (H. influenzae)
 4,961 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefamandole nafate was effective in the treatment of a variety of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes group A, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae in infants and children. The infections included periorbital cellulitis and ethmoiditis, bacteremia, cellulitis, pneumonia, and lymphadenitis. In vitro, cefamandole was effective in inhibiting the growth of H. influenzae isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis or sepsis. In two patients rash developed and cefamandole was discontinued. Other significant adverse effects were not noted.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory investigation of cefamandole therapy of infections in infants and children. 34 94

Infant rats aged five to seven days were fed Escherichia coli O75:K100:H5, E. coli O13:K92:H4, or saline and five weeks later were inoculated with Haemophilus influenzae type b. The incidence of bacteremia and meningitis was significantly less (P less than 0.05) for rats fed E. coli that possessed K100 capsular antigen (cross-reactive with type b capsular antigen) than for rats fed E. coli K92 or saline. Antibody to capsular antigen was not detectable in sera obtained from rats prior to challenge with H. influenzae type b, but five days after challenge, antibody levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in rats colonized with E. coli K100 than in controls. These results, together with data from passive-immunization studies, suggested that the protection against infection with H. influenzae type b was due to priming or serum anticapsular antibody, although a protective role for cell-mediated immunity and/or secretory antibody could not be ruled out. E. coli K100 primed rats vaccinated with purified H. influenzae type b antigen for a significantly increased, although transient, anticapsular antibody response.
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PMID:Meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae in infant rats: protective immunity and antibody priming by gastrointestinal colonization with Escherichia coli. 39 62

A randomized therapeutic trial of carbenicillin (CB) or ampicillin (AMP) in purulent meningitis was performed in 86 pediatric and adult patients (41 Haemophilus influenzae, 22 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 13 Neisseria meningitidis, and 10 of unknown etiology). All isolates, incuding H. influenzae, were susceptible to CB and AMP. Median cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibiotic concentrations were 0.85 and 1.60 mug/ml for CB and AMP, respectively, during administration of daily doses of 400 mg/kg and 0.65 and 0.45 mug/ml, respectively, on daily doses of 200 mg/kg. Higher CSF concentrations, up to a median concentration of 4.5 mug/ml, were observed in patients with CSF protein concentrations >/=75 mg/100 ml. Clinical responses were equivalent on either antibiotic regimen. Among AMP patients (45), 8 had significant residua and 3 died; among CB patients (41), 5 had residua and none died. However, 38% of H. influenzae patients treated with CB had positive CSF cultures on day 1 follow-up lumbar punctures, compared with only 5.8% of AMP patients with H. influenzae. The significance of a delay of CSF sterilization among CB-treated patients is unknown, since there was no correlation between persistence of hemophilus organisms and the frequency of adverse outcome. AMP and CB are equivalent for the treatment of bacterial meningitis due to susceptible organisms.
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PMID:Comparative trial of carbenicillin and ampicillin therapy for purulent meningitis. 40 62

Approximately 16,000 children, from two months to five years of age, were vaccinated with the capsular polysaccharide of either Haemophilus influenzae type b or group C Neisseria meningitidis. Immunizations were carried out in a double-masked, randomized manner; the doses of immunogens used were 10 microgram of H. influenzae type b polysaccharide and 25 micron g of the group CN. meningitidis polysaccharide. Immunogenicity of the two vaccines was measured in single, random specimens of blood taken from vaccinees of all ages at various intervals after immunization. A positive effect on formation of serum antibody was observed in children of all ages vaccinated with N. meningitidis polysaccharide, but increased levels of serum antibody to H. influenzae type b were observed only in recipients of that vaccine who were three years of age or older. No untoward reactions to either vaccine were noted, and both vaccines retained their original molecular size after storage for three years. Too few cases of disease have been studied for a definitive assessment of vaccine efficacy; however, a slightly protective effect against meningitis was observed for the H. influenzae type b vaccine in infants up to one year of age.
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PMID:Interim report of a controlled field trial of immunization with capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae type b and group C Neisseria meningitidis in Mecklenburg county, North Carolina (March 1974-March 1976). 40 33

We performed field trials in the course of an epidemic in Finland to learn whether Group A memingococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine protects infants and young children from meningitis. The first trial involved 130,178 children between the ages of three months and five years; 49,295 children received the vaccine, 48,977 received a control Haemophilus influenzae Type b polysaccharide vaccine, and 31.906 remained unvaccinated. No cases of meningitis or sepsis caused by Group A meningococci were seen in the first year of observation among the children vaccinated with meningococcal vaccine whereas six occurred among those vaccinated with the H. influenzae vaccine and 13 among those not vaccinated. In the second trial 21,007 children of the same ages received the meningococcal vaccine. No cases caused by Group A occurred among those vaccinated, although five to seven would have been expected within the year. Meningococcal Group A vaccine appears efficacious in young infants and children.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of meningococcus group A capsular polysaccharide vaccine in children three months to five years of age. 40 82

Eleven children with bacterial meningitis were treated intravenously with amoxicillin sodium to evaluate the efficacy of the parenteral form of amoxicillin for this serious infection and to measure the penetration of the drug into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The infecting organisms were Haemophilus influenzae in nine cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae in two. Nine patients had optimal responses to amoxicillin sodium, 200 mg/kg per day for 14 days. Bacteria were also eradicated from CSF of the other two, but one experienced fever and culture-negative CSF pleocytosis after cessation of amoxicillin, and the other developed H. influenzae empyema 2 weeks after termination of therapy. By comparison, 7 of 10 children with meningitis responded optimally to ampicillin (nonrandomized design) during the period of study. The mean peak CSF concentration of amoxicillin was 3.14 mug/ml (ca. 7% of the concomitant mean peak serum level) early during therapy. However, meningeal penetration of the drug declined to a mean peak of 0.63 mug/ml on the final day of therapy. Mild transient neutropenia, noted in five patients, was the most common side effect of amoxicillin sodium therapy; five patients treated with ampicillin also experienced reversible neutropenia. Thus, intravenous amoxicillin sodium provided therapy for bacterial meningitis comparable to that of ampicillin in this limited case-control study.
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PMID:Treatment of bacterial meningitis with intravenous amoxicillin. 48 28

During 1977 the state of Washington maintained a surveillance system for reporting cases of bacterial meningitis. Hemophilus influenzae meningitis was the most common etiologic agent causing bacterial meningitis. A high incidence rate for H. influenzae meningitis was found among American Indians less than five years ago. A focus of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae meningitis was found in Pierce County among military dependents or persons who had family members or relatives working or attending school with Fort Lewis Army Base personnel. Although relationships between the individual cases were not detected, the surveillance system continues to seek some association.
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PMID:Bacterial meningitis in Washington state. 50 27

The feasibility of gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of spinal fluid from dogs with experimental meningitis and from patients with meningitis was evaluated. Normal canine and human spinal fluid contained consistent levels of palmitic and stearic acids, glucose, and trace amounts of glycerol. Pneumococcal meningitis in dogs and humans was characterized by a complex fatty-acid pattern in spinal fluid similar to that seen in pneumococcal cells. Spinal fluid from dogs with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis yielded several saturated fatty acids as well as rhamnose, xylose, and glucosamine; four of five spinal fluid specimens from patients with H. influenzae meningitis gave similar results. Fatty-acid profiles of spinal fluid from dogs with staphylococcal meningitis were complex, with branched-chain and straight-chain fatty acids. Spinal fluid specimens from Neisseria meningitidis-infected dogs yielded 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids and sialic acid. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of spinal fluid proved valuable as a tool for identifying bacterial infections and differentiating between common spinal fluid pathogens.
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PMID:Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by gas-liquid chromatography. II. Analysis of spinal fluid. 51 13

1. Cefuroxime (CXM) was studied for absorption and excretion in 4 pediatric patients given one shot intravenous injection of 20 approximately 25 mg/kg. The following serum levels were determined: 24.5 approximately 38.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes (mean 33.3 +/- 6.1 micrograms/ml), 10.0 approximately 17.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hours (mean 13.9 +/- 3.3 micrograms/ml), 3.4 approximately 7.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours (mean 5.2 +/- 1.9 micrograms/ml, 0.7 approximately 2.1 micrograms/ml at 4 hours (mean 1.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, 0.1 approximately 0.3 microgram/ml at 6 hours (mean 0.2 +/- 0.1 microgram microgram/ml). Half-life (T 1/2) was 0.65 approximately 0.88 hour (mean 0.75 +/- 0.10 hour). Urinary levels were 1,280 approximately 7,100 micrograms/ml at 0 approximately 2 hours, 96 approximately 3,400 micrograms/ml at 2 approximately 4 hours, 68 approximately 250 micrograms/ml at 4 approximately 6 hours. Urinary recovery rate at 0 approximately 6 hours was 54.1 approximately 74.4% (mean 61.8 +/- 9.4%). 2. From the study on spinal fluid concentration in pediatric patients with Haemophilus influenzae-induced meningitis, the dose of CXM 52.2 mg/kg was given to 1 pediatric case with this disease by one shot intravenous injection. Spinal fluid levels were presumed as 9.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 6.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 3.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 1.2 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. 3. CXM was studied in 19 pediatric patients with bacterial infection for clinical efficacy, bacteriological effect and side effect. Clinical result was found good in 1 with purulent meningitis; excellent in 9 out of 15 with acute lobar pneumonia or acute bronchopneumonia, and good in remaining 6 cases; good in 2 with acute bronchitis; excellent in 1 with acute pyelonephritis. This represents efficacy ("excellent" plus "good") rate of 100%. Of 5 strains of H. influenzae presumed as causative organisms, 4 were disappeared and 1 was reduced. Two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 1 strain of Escherichia coli were disappeared. No side effect was noted in terms of clinical symptom. Laboratory examination showed elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 case, but these elevated values returned to normal after the end of the CXM treatment.
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PMID:[Study of cefuroxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 51 99

Bacteremia with known pathogens was documented in 28 acutely ill, febrile outpatients during a 29-month period. All of the children were previously healthy and were initially managed as outpatients. Eight patients presented with no identifiable focus of infection. Twenty patients had either otitis media or pneumonitis. An association between otitis media and bacteremia with H. influenzae type b was noted in 5 patients. Bacterial meningitis occurred subsequently in 7 patients (25%); 1 death occurred in this group. The blood culture, as an outpatient procedure, was helpful in establishing a bacterial etiology in selected children with either high fever (with or without otitis media), febrile seizures, or pneumonia. In addition, the positive blood culture was a vital aid in identifying the young child at risk for meningitis.
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PMID:Bacteremia in 28 ambulatory children: relationship to pneumonitis and meningitis. 63 Jul 76


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