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Query: UNIPROT:O75191 (H. influenzae)
 4,961 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of antigen of D. pneumoniae and H. influenzae was detected by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in 113 LCR of children with central nervous system (CNS) infection (17 viral, 70 bacterial and 6 tuberculous). From 41 normal children spinal fluid was obtained and used as control. Precipitation band was not observed in normal children cases of viral and tuberculosis meningitis. In 21 cases of bacterial meningitis, D. pneumoniae and H. influenzae was isolated in six cases each. In six cases of bacterial meningitis were positive both bacteriological study and CIE. In 49 cases in which culture was negative only 13 gave positive CIE. When other strains of bacteria were isolated, no positive band was detected with CIE. This technic was regarded as useful for detecting etiologic agent in purulent meningitis.
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PMID:[Counter-immunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of meningoencephalitis by Diplococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae]. 0 42

Examinations for soluble bacterial antigens using counter-immunoelectrophoresis (C.I.E.) was carried out in 151 patients suspected of suffering from various infectious syndrome were successful for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae b, N. meningitis, sero-group B and D streptococcus. Thus meningitis and pneumonia represent those areas in which the technique is particularly useful. Apart from its rapidity--result in a hour--C.I.E., in association with bacteriology, makes possible an increase in aetiological diagnosis of 27% with H. influenzae b, 24% with S. pneumoniae and 6% with N. meningitidis (lower result by virtue of technical difficulties with sero-group B). Thus using this technique we were able to reach an aetiological diagnosis in 10 (23.8%) out of 42 cases of purulent meningitis where blind antibiotic therapy had already been given. These two advantages--rapidity and increase in aetiological diagnosis--justify the introduction of this simple technique in every medical microbiology laboratory.
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PMID:[The detection of soluble bacterial antigens studied in various pathological substances using counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Contribution to diagnosis(151 cases)]. 1 48

Using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) the authors have assayed for soluble bacterial S. pneumoniae, N meningitidis group A, B, C. H. influenzae type b antigens, biological fluids in 216 patients (meningitis: 136; pneumonia: 76; miscellaneous: 4) during 16 months. Because of heterogeneous recruiting (the bacteriology was carried out by different laboratories) the increase in aetiological diagnosis given by CIE is only statistically valid for the bacteriologic negative group when blind antibiotic therapy had already been given. In this group, CIE makes a notable increase in diagnosis of 22,1 % +/- 10,1 in meningitis and 25,5% +/- 12,7 in pneumonia. Various physiopathological aspects are considered concerning soluble bacterial antigens detection during the course of the disease. This method seems very useful and accurate; and therefore should be used in every microbiologic laboratory.
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PMID:[The detection of bacterial antigens by counter-immunoelectrophoresis in N. meningitidis, H. influenzae serotype b, S. pneumoniae infections. Diagnostic value and evolutive aspect (in 216 cases) (author's transl)]. 2 41

A number of immunological and non-immunological techniques have been recently used to detect soluble microbial substances in body fluids of patients with acute meningitis, bacteremia, and lobar pneumonia. By the immunological methods capsular highly polymerized polisaccharide group- or type-specific antigens of the most common C. N. S. pathogens (N. meningitidis A, B, and C; Str. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type b, E. coli K1, mucoid Pseudomonas, Cryptococcus neoformans) can be detected and quantitated in spinal fluids, sera, urine and other fluids specimens from meningitic patients. Capsular type-specific antigens from pneumococcus, and likely from H. influenzae as well, can be detected in sputum from patients with lower respiratory infection. Among the various techniques, the radioimmunoassay appears as the most sensitive one, but high diagnostic sensitivity can be also achieved by using the latex agglutination, haemoagglutination inhibition and coagglutination tests. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis, however, is still the far most used technique for determining soluble microbial antigens, albeit its sensitivity is significantly less than the one of the above mentioned methods. High specificity and some advantages in serotyping the causal organisms are probably the main reasons of such preferential employment. Among the non-immunological techniques the evaluation of lactate and lactic dehydrogenase has been used by some Author for differentiating between bacterial and non bacterial meningitis, and the limulus test for detecting Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Finally, the liquid gas chromatography has been evaluated in detection of some organic products (microbial?), such as acids, amines, neutral compounds, in spinal fluid, allowing the differential diagnosis between bacterial, tuberculous, viral, and cryptococcal meningitis. In the present review sensitivity, specificity, and other properties of each test alone and in comparison with the conventional microbiological methods (Gram and culture) are evaluated and the biological and pathogenic role and significance of the soluble microbial antigens and endotoxin are discussed.
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PMID:[Research of the soluble microbial substances in organic fluids for the rapid diagnosis of some infections and particularly of bacterial meningitis (author's transl)]. 2 97

MOST SUPPURATIVE INFECTIONS OF THE MENINGES ARE CAUSED BY FIVE BACTERIAL SPECIES: Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and group B streptococcus. The immune response of adults to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides has been studied in great detail and their responses to meningococcal and H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharides are quite similar. Immune responses of adults to E. coli and group B streptococcal antigens are disappointing. The responses of children below the age of 7 years differ both quantitatively and in duration. Early experience shows that useful antibody titres can be achieved with certain antigens but further studies are required. In order to prevent bacterial meningitis by immunization, three vaccine formulations will need to be developed. When epidemic meningococcal disease occurs in a population, the vaccine containing only components of the meningococcus would be applied to a large segment of the population to terminate the epidemic. The second vaccine would contain components of H. influenzae type b, pneumococcus, and the meningococcus and would be administered in the first year of life, and repeated at suitable intervals to maintain life-long immunity. The third vaccine, designed to prevent neonatal meningitis caused by E. coli K1 and group B streptococci, would be administered to women preferably during the third trimester of pregnancy, so that their offspring would inherit sufficient antibodies to protect them during the first 3 months of life.The vaccine against the meningococcus is a reality and has been used extensively during major epidemics, with excellent results. The two vaccines for control of endemic bacterial meningitides do not exist as yet, but the prospects are good.
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PMID:Prospects for the prevention of bacterial meningitis with polysaccharide vaccines. 3 85

The ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strain Ve445 which caused purulent meningitis and septicaemia in a newborn child in Germany contained a 4.4 megadalton (Mdal) plasmid (pVe445) and produced a TEM type beta-lactamase. The transformation to ampicillin resistance of a sensitive Escherichia coli strain with isolated pVe445 DNA proved that the structural gene for the beta-lactamase resided on this plasmid genome. Molecular DNA-DNA hybridization studies and electron microscope DNA heteroduplex analysis indicated that pVe445 probably contained 38 to 41% of the ampicillin translocation DNA segment (TnA) found on R factors of enteric origin. The TnA fragment present in pVe445 most likely does not contain both of the inverted repeat sequences of TnA. DNA-DNA polynucleotide sequence studies indicated that the 4.4 Mdal plasmid pVe445 was unrelated to the 30 to 38 Mdal H. influenzae R plasmids but was closely related to the 4.1 Mdal ampicillin resistance specifying H. influenzae plasmid RSF0885 isolated in the U.S.A. The H. influenzae plasmid pVe445 shared 91% of its base sequences with the beta-lactamase specifying Neisseria gonorrhoeae plasmid pMR0360 (4.4 Mdal) and had 85% of its base sequences in common with the beta-lactamase specifying N. gonorrhoeae plasmid pMR0200 (3.2 Mdal). All of the four 3.2 to 4.4 Mdal beta-lactamase specifying R plasmids of H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae investigated probably have a common evolutionary origin.
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PMID:Molecular characterization of a small Haemophilus influenzae plasmid specifying beta-lactamase and its relationship to R factors from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 11 Sep 7

Rapid diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis is possible using immunological tests for capsular antigen (polyribophosphate, PRP), such as countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and latex particle agglutination (LPA). We compared two tests in monkeys with evolving, serially quantitated H. influenzae type b bacteremia (n = 23) and meningitis (n = 21). In vitro, the LPA test was sensitive to 0.5 ng of PRP/ml of saline, and the CIE test was sensitive to 1.0 ng/ml; in serum, however, CIE detected 5.0 ng of PRP/ml, whereas the sensitivity of LPA was unchanged. LPA detected PRP earlier in the course of bacteremia (mean, 12 h after onset; range, 4 to 36 h) than did CIE (mean, 45 h; range, 4 to 168 h) (P less than 0.01). A positive LPA test required greater than or equal to 100 bacteria per ml of blood, whereas CIE required greater than or equal to 1,000/ml. PRP accumulated with continuing blood stream infection, aiding detection of low-grade bacteremia. LPA detected antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) earlier in the course of meningitis and at a lower bacteria density than did CIE. Both methods detected antigen reliably with greater than or equal to 1,000 bacteria per ml of CSF. A close correlation existed between CSF concentrations of capsular antigen and bacteria (r = 0.90, P less than 0.001). We conclude that the LPA method permits earlier diagnosis of H. influenzae type b infection in part because of its greater sensitivity.
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PMID:Comparison of two antigen detection techniques in a primate model of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. 11 34

Cefamandole and ampicillin were compared in the therapy of experimental Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in rabbits. Three dosages of each drug were administered as a continuous intravenous infusion for 8 hr to 24 infected animals. Samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained at 0, 4, and 8 hr for determination of antibiotic concentrations and bacterial titers in CSF. Serum levels of cefamandole were higher, but CSF concentrations of both antibiotics were similar. With the 60-mg/kg per hr dose, the mean serum level was 106 +/- 61 mug/ml for cefamandole and 58 +/- 32 mug/ml for ampicillin (P less than 0.05). With this dosage the mean level in CSF was 7.3 +/- 8.4 mug/ml for cefamandole and 9.5 +/- 5.4 mug/ml for ampicillin (P = 0.26). The percentage penetration ([concentration in CSF/concentration in serum] X 100%) was higher for ampicillin (mean, 18.8% +/- 8.9%) than for cefamandole (mean, 5.6% +/- 3.8%) with all dosages tested (P less than 0.001). The rate of bacterial killing in vivo during therapy was similar with both drugs. The efficacy of cefamandole and ampicillin given intramuscularly for five days (250 mg every 8 hr) was examined in 42 rabbits. Twelve of 14 untreated control rabbits died within 24-72 hr of inoculation. In contrast, 11 of 14 rabbits treated with cafamandole and 10 of 14 rabbits treated with ampicillin were cured of their infections. Cefamandole compared favorably with ampicillin in the therapy of experimental H. influenzae meningitis.
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PMID:Cefamandole and ampicillin therapy in experimental Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. 30 93

Abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid associated with meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b were characterized in infant rats. After intranasal inoculation of bacteria, the development of intense bacteremia (greater than 10(4) colony-forming units/ml) correlated with cultures of cerebrospinal fluid positive for H. influenzae, with pleocytosis, and with hisotologic evidence of meningitis. The degree of pleocytosis was related to the age of the animal, the amount of time since inoculation, and the severity of the meningitis.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in infant rats: role of bacteremia in pathogenesis of age-dependent inflammatory responses in cerebrospinal fluid. 30 94

In tests of bactericidal action against H. influenzae type b strains isolated from patients with meningitis, chloramphenicol was found to be far more reliable than ampicillin in dealing with large inocula, and more rapidly effective against both large and relatively small inocula. These findings provide a laboratory explanation for the somewhat better record of chloramphenicol as an agent for treatment of haemophilus meningitis.
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PMID:A comparison of chloramphenicol and ampicillin as bactericidal agents for Haemophilus influenzae type B. 30 Jan 10


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