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Query: UNIPROT:O75191 (H. influenzae)
 4,961 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sensitivity to chloramphenicol and ampicillin of 127 strains of H. influenzae was tested. One hundred and one strains were obtained from the pharyngeal exudate of 828 healthy carriers under 5 years of age and 26 from the spinal fluid of children with meningoencephalitis. Sixty per cent of isolations corresponded to type b; 40 per cent were non typical and we only identified one type e. All H. influenzae obtained from spinal fluid corresponded to type b. The frequency of healthy carriers was greater in intrafamily contacts of children with H. influenza meningoencephalitis (p less than 0.01). Percentages of resistance to ampicillin varied between 6 and 23% for the different groups; we found no statistical difference among them (p less than 0.2). The prevalence of H. influenza resistant to ampicillin in the population studied was 1.2% for type b strains and 0.2% for non typical bacteria. Fourteen per cent of penicillin resistant type b strains were identified; all 127 isolations were to chloramphenicol; therefore, we recommend this drug instead of ampicillin for the treatment of H. influenza infections, with the exception of acute otitis media.
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PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae sensitivity to ampicillin and chloramphenicol in children in Mexico City]. 697 59

We conducted a prospective, randomized evaluation of oral chloramphenicol administration for completion of therapy of Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis in 44 children: 21 received drug by this route after the second day of therapy, the remainder continued to receive the drug intravenously. Resolution of clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid indicators of meningitis was equivalent with both routes in 43 patients. One infant failed to achieve efficacious serum concentrations by either route of administration. Paired analysis of the area under the serum concentration versus time curve in 13 patients after oral and intravenous administration indicated equivalent bioavailability. Neutropenia was the only observed drug-related toxicity and correlated with the highest observed serum concentration. We conclude that: (1) chloramphenicol can be used by the oral route to complete treatment of H. influenzae type b meningitis; (2) a dose of 75 mg/kg/day is effective and less likely than higher doses to cause neutropenia; and (3) the measurement of serum chloramphenicol concentrations is important, regardless of route of administration.
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PMID:Oral chloramphenicol in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. 697 11

The pathogenicity of 6 wild-type influenza A viruses and 21 recombinant strains prepared from wild-type viruses and cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 virus for infant rats was determined. Thus, the titers of virus present in the turbinates and lungs of virus-infected animals was measured serially for 5 days after intranasal infection, and the ability of virus strains to promote subsequent systemic bacterial infection by Haemophilus influenzae was measured at 48 h after virus infection. The results obtained were assessed with reference to the genetic constitution of the virus strains and to virus virulence for volunteers. The results showed that virulent viruses grew to relatively high titers in rat turbinates and significantly promoted systemic infection by H. influenzae. In contrast, attenuated strains grew to lower titers and failed to promote systemic H. influenzae infection. For the strains tested, the results showed clear differences for attenuated and virulent strains, and the model was a reliable indication of virulence for humans. Although the virulent strains tended to grow to higher titers in rat lungs than did attenuated strains, exceptions were found, and this measurement could not reliably discriminate virulent and attenuated virus strains. The results suggest that infant rats can be used to assess the virulence of cold-adapted recombinant influenza virus strains, and thus, they can facilitate the development of such strains for vaccine production.
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PMID:Infant rat model of attenuation for recombinant influenza viruses prepared from cold-adapted attenuated A/Ann Arbor/6/60. 698 66

The occurrence of epidemics of respiratory viral illness was monitored by virus isolations in a population of young children living in the greater Nashville area over a 4-year period. Epidemic disease due to influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza type 1 was present during discrete time blocks over this interval. Occurrence of systemic Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in the community was also documented by review of bacteriologic records of Vanderbilt Children's Hospital over the same interval. No correlation of the occurrences of epidemic viral disease and systemic H. influenzae type b disease was evident by this comparison.
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PMID:Lack of relationship of community patterns of respiratory viral activity to systemic Haemophilus influenzae disease in children. 716 30

Cefroxadine dry syrup was administered to 57 children with acute febrile respiratory tract infections and 2 children with scarlet fever in the dose of 40 mg/kg/day q.i.d. for 2 approximately 7 days. 65 strains of organism were isolated as pathogen from the 59 patients, and 50 of the 65 strains (76.9%) showed bacteriologically good responses. Clinically, 55 children (93.2%) had good response. Out of 63 strains isolated from the 57 cases with respiratory infections, 48 strains (76.2%) showed good bacteriological response. As for the type of pathogen, all strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 86.4% of Streptococcus haemolyticus and 90.0% of Streptococcus pneumoniae had good response, but as for Haemophilus influenzae it was only 47.6%. In one child, Streptococcus pneumoniae appeared during cefroxadine treatment in addition to the preexisting Haemophilus influenza. From the 4 children having no response for their respiratory infections, H. influenzae were isolated in 3 cases and Streptococcus haemolyticus was isolated in 1 case, before starting the treatment. As for side effects, mild diarrhea developed in only 3 children.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 733 85

The lower airways of asymptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients can be colonized by bacteria, mainly Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. However, the role of lower airway bacteria in stable and exacerbated COPD has not been well defined. To determine the importance of lower airway bacterial infection in COPD we studied 40 outpatients with stable COPD (Group A: age 61.1 +/- 9.9 yr; [mean +/- SD]; FEV1/FVC 51.7 +/- 12.5) and 29 outpatients with exacerbated COPD (Group B: age 63.4, SD 9.0 yr; FEV1/FVC 52.0, SD 9.6), using the protected specimen brush (PSB) for microbiology sampling. Group A consisted of outpatients with stable COPD having normal or near-normal chest X-rays, with clinical indications for performing fiber-bronchoscopy (pulmonary nodule, remote hemoptysis); Group B consisted of patients with exacerbated COPD who voluntarily accepted lower airway microbiology sampling. To avoid contamination by upper airway flora the PSB was used for bacterial sampling in all the cases and concentrations > or = 1,000 colony-forming units/milliliter (CFU/ml) were considered positive. Results were as follows: Group A: Lung function data in outpatients with stable COPD were lower than the reference values for this population (FVC 2.97 +/- 1.02 L, FVC% 71.4 +/- 22.4, FEV1 1.59 +/- 0.79 L, FEV1% 51.2 +/- 23.0). Positive PSB cultures were obtained in 10 of 40 cases (25%), mainly of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae. Two of 40 cases had positive cultures at concentrations > or = 10,000 CFU/ml (5.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A study of stable and exacerbated outpatients using the protected specimen brush. 755 88

We reviewed data collected between January 1987 and December 1989 on the etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among 827 children in two low-income communities and a hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Respiratory syncytial virus was identified in 38% of cases of ARI, influenza A virus in 1%, parainfluenza 3 virus in 1%, and multiple viruses in 1%. Respiratory syncytial virus was most prevalent among hospitalized children, with seasonal increases in the late fall and winter. The principal bacterial pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and alpha-hemolytic streptococci. Specimens that were most often positive were pleural fluid (46%) and specimens from other normally sterile sites (24%); normally sterile sites included the CSF, trachea, and lungs. Urine counterimmunoelectrophoresis for S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae polysaccharide antigens was positive in 3% and 2% of cases, respectively. Pharyngeal cultures yielded low numbers of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae organisms and higher numbers of gram-negative bacteria. This study demonstrates the high incidence of ARI (4.5 cases per 100 child-weeks) among children in Rio de Janeiro and the high morbidity associated with the illness (ARI is responsible for 25%-50% of all pediatric hospitalizations) and the fact that continued attention must be paid to both viral and bacterial agents of ARI.
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PMID:Etiology of acute respiratory tract infections among children in a combined community and hospital study in Rio de Janeiro. 779 85

Lower respiratory disease is a major source of morbidity in military recruits, with hospitalization rates for pneumonia more than 30 times that of the non-recruit population. The etiologic agent remains unknown in over 75% of cases. This study prospectively examined the etiology of pneumonia among recruits at Naval Training Center, San Diego, California. Recruits presenting with cough, fever, or shortness of breath and pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray were eligible for enrollment. A standardized scoring form and focused physical exam were completed on each subject. Sputum specimens were obtained for Gram's stain and culture, DNA probing for Legionella and Mycoplasma species, and direct fluorescent antibody staining for Legionella. Acute and convalescent serologies were performed for adenovirus, influenza A and B, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia group, and respiratory syncytial virus. Of 110 eligible patients, 100 consented to enrollment and 75 patients completed the study. Etiologic diagnoses were obtained in 40 of the patients (53%). M. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and viruses accounted for the majority of infections. Mixed infections were seen in six patients. Forty-seven percent of patients had no diagnosis established. Pneumonia in this series of military recruits was frequently caused by M. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Fifty percent of cases were undiagnosed with routinely available laboratory methods. Further studies are warranted to more clearly define the etiologic agents of recruit pneumonia and the utility of prophylactic measures.
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PMID:Pneumonia in military recruits. 787 Mar 17

The ability of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for variable and conserved epitopes of outer membrane protein (OMP) P2 (b,c) of nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenza to promote opsonophagocytosis of this bacterium by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) was determined by flow cytometry. MAbs rendering PMNs fluorescent because of association with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled bacteria were defined as stimulating opsonophagocytosis. Opsonophagocytosis was dependent on the presence of both antibodies and complement. Of the 14 MAbs directed to the variable parts of OMP P2 (L. van Alphen, P. Eijk, L. Geelen-van den Broek, and J. Dankert, Infect. Immun. 59:247-252, 1991), 9 stimulated opsonophagocytosis. Four of the five nonopsonophagocytic MAbs that were immunoglobulin G1 were unable to cause complement activation. The MAbs promoting opsonophagocytosis included MAbs specific for one or more OMP P2 antigenic variants of H. influenzae strains isolated from patients with chronic bronchitis during persistent infection. MAbs cross-reacting in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with nonrelated H. influenzae did not promote opsonophagocytosis of strains from other patients. Opsonophagocytosis was not observed in the presence of three MAbs reacting with OMP P2 epitopes common in H. influenzae. These results indicate that OMP P2-dependent opsonophagocytosis of nonencapsulated H. influenzae is strictly strain specific.
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PMID:Opsonic antibodies to outer membrane protein P2 of nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenza are strain specific. 811 49

The epidemiologic and etiologic features of cases of pneumonia among 1,740 children admitted to a teaching hospital in Hong Kong over a 3-year period were studied. Of the patients, 23% were < 1 year old and 69% were < 5 years old. The incidence of pneumonia requiring admission to the hospital was 6.4 episodes per 1,000 children per year for those < 5 years of age. The overall case fatality rate was 0.15% among patients who did not have severe underlying disease before contracting pneumonia. A bacterial etiology was confirmed by blood culture for only 2% of patients. However, culture of sputum or nasopharyngeal aspirates yielded predominant or pure growth of one bacterial agent in 17% of cases. Haemophilus influenzae was the bacterial agent most frequently isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirates or sputum, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Of the H. influenzae isolates, 38% were resistant to ampicillin. A viral etiology was proven in 9.1% of cases, and evidence of mycoplasmal infection was found in 3.8% of cases. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most frequently identified viral agent, followed by adenovirus and influenza A virus.
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PMID:Epidemiology and etiology of pneumonia in children in Hong Kong. 828 35


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