Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:O75191 (H. influenzae)
 4,961 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We analyzed data from a 14-year longitudinal study of respiratory infections in young children to determine the relative importance of viral respiratory infection and nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae as factors influencing the occurrence of acute otitis media with effusion. The incidence of this disorder was increased in children with viral respiratory infections (average relative risk, 3.2; P less than 0.0001). Infection with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus (type A or B), and adenovirus conferred a greater risk of otitis media than did infection with parainfluenza virus, enterovirus, or rhinovirus. Colonization of the nasopharynx with Str. pneumoniae or H. influenzae had a lesser effect on the incidence of the disease (average relative risk; 1.5; P less than 0.01). Infections with the viruses more closely associated with acute otitis media (respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and influenza A or B) were correlated with an increased risk of recurrent disease. Prevention of selected otitis-associated viral infections should reduce the incidence of this disease.
 ...
PMID:A longitudinal study of respiratory viruses and bacteria in the etiology of acute otitis media with effusion. 628 39

Twenty-four pediatric patients with infections were treated with ceftazidime (CAZ) by one-shot intravenous injection in the doses of 39 approximately 149 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses as a rule. These patients' ages ranged from 2 months to 13 years 4 months. The duration of the administration ranged from 4 to 19 days, and total doses ranged from 1.38 to 57 g. Infections consisted of respiratory tract infections in 19 cases (acute tonsillitis in 3, acute bronchitis in 7, and pneumonia in 9), urinary tract infection in 1 case, acute peritonitis in 1 case, and suspected sepsis in 3 cases. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 18, good in 1, fair in 1, and poor in 4 cases, and the efficacy rate (excellent + good) was 79.2%. Bacteriological response was evaluated on 14 strains of bacteria isolated from lesions, assumed as the causative organisms (7 strains of S. aureus, 3 of P. aeruginosa, 1 of H. influenzae, 1 of K. pneumoniae, 1 of E. coli, and 1 of S. marcescens). Out of these strains, 10 were eradicated, and 1 (P. aeruginosa) decreased, but 2 strains (both S. aureus) persisted. (One strain of S. aureus was not examined.) No adverse effect suspected to be related to the drug was observed either in subjective symptom or in objective findings.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies of ceftazidime in the pediatric field]. 637 55

Leptomeningitis due to type b Haemophilus influenzae can be produced in infant rats (up to three weeks of age) by intranasal inoculation, and in animals up to three months of age by intraperitoneal inoculation. In infant animals, the pathogenesis appears to mimic the disease in human infants. Immunologic experiments indicate that antibody directed against the type b capsule (actively or passively acquired) will protect against bacteremia (by any route of inoculation) and the subsequent development of meningitis. However, antibody directed against other surface structures of H. influenzae b (alone or with anticapsular antibody) will protect against sustained bacteremia after any route of inoculation. Evaluation of antibiotic activity against this infection in rats is unreliable due to a marked age-dependent increase in antibiotic clearance. A means of mimicking human pharmacokinetics in rats is proposed. The rat model is useful for the study of H. influenzae meningitis provided certain limitations are recognized.
Infection 1984
PMID:Experimental meningitis in the rat: Haemophilus influenzae. 639 47

Three species of bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae) cause approximately three-quarters of all cases of acute bacterial meningitis in industrialized and developing countries. Infections due to N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae type b are endemic in most countries; major epidemics of meningococcal disease still occur regularly, especially in sub- Saharan Africa. Such epidemics may be large, involving many thousands of patients, with a mortality that can exceed 10%. Both chemoprophylaxis and immunization are used to prevent meningococcal, pneumococcal, and H. influenzae type b meningitis. Chemoprophylaxis may involve the use of expensive antibiotics, and it can encourage the emergence of drug resistance. Mass immunization with meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine can effectively halt an epidemic of group A or group C meningococcal disease, and immunization protects close contacts. However, polysaccharide vaccines are ineffective in infants, who are very susceptible to bacterial meningitis. New protein-polysaccharide conjugated vaccines may be more effective in this young population.
 ...
PMID:Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. XIII. Acute bacterial meningitis. 642 12

White blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined upon diagnosis of 61 children with bacterial meningitis in order to compare the responses evoked by different bacteria. The age of the patients and the duration of their symptoms were similar in all groups. WBC and ESR corresponded significantly with the bacterial species. The mean WBC in Haemophilus influenzae (n = 44), meningococcal (n = 11) and pneumococcal (n = 6) infection were 14,605/microliters 19,391/microliters and 23,833/microliters, respectively (for H. influenzae and pneumococci p less than 0.001). The mean ESR varied from 58 mm/h (meningococci) to 100 mm/h (pneumococci) (p less than 0.025). CRP was the test least influenced by the nature of the bacteria. The characteristics of CRP suggest its superiority over WBC and ESR as a detector of bacteremic infections. WBC is unsuitable for screening of systemic H. influenzae disease.
Infection
PMID:White blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum C-reactive protein in meningitis: magnitude of the response related to bacterial species. 651 Oct 86

Close contacts of index patients with Neisseria meningitidis or Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis show higher nasopharyngeal carriage rates and are at an increased risk of contracting the disease. The key issue in the management of such contacts remains close and careful surveillance, because prophylaxis will never result in the absolute prevention of secondary cases. Adequate chemoprophylaxis with rifampin eradicates nasopharyngeal colonization in more than 90% and may prevent both co-primary and secondary diseases. Routine chemoprophylaxis for close contacts of systemic meningococcal diseases is recommended. However, there are several factors inherent in rifampin prophylaxis for the prevention of H. influenzae type b meningitis which exclude its use as a routine measure.
Infection 1984
PMID:Chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial meningitis. 653 Feb 93

Infections of the upper respiratory tract, including the middle ear cleft, still create therapeutic problems. Although rhinitis is usually a virus infection, the infection of the paranasal sinuses are almost invariably of bacterial origin. Pneumococci, H. influenzae and anaerobes are the bacterial species most frequently isolated. In acute otitis media, pneumococci, H. influenzae and as demonstrated during the last few years, Branhamella catarrhalis constitutes the main pathogens. Anaerobes dominate the isolates in chronic otitis media, characterized by tissue destruction and sometimes intracranial complications. In acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis, Streptococcus pyogenes is the main bacterial pathogen whereas anaerobes are encountered in Vincent's angina, peritonsillar and parapharyngeal abscesses. The role of Branhamella in pharyngeal infections is still a subject of some dispute. In acute epiglottitis of children, H. influenzae is almost invariably isolated from the throat swabs and blood cultures. In adults, Streptococcus pyogenes and anaerobic bacteria also have to be considered as likely pathogens. The acute laryngitis has hitherto been regarded as a nonbacterial inflammation but there are reports indicating that Branhamella catarrhalis can be involved. Apparently the bacteriology of the upper respiratory tract infections have changed but little during the decades. The therapeutical problems of today are mainly due to decreased antibiotic susceptibility among the established pathogens, the presence of beta-lactamase production among bacterial species that establish the normal throat flora and lack of knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of infections of the mucous membranes.
 ...
PMID:Bacterial infections of the upper respiratory airways and beta-lactam antibiotics. 659 57

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of penicillin G, ampicillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin, cephalothin and cefoxitin were determined for 47 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 68 strains of Neisseria meningitidis and 45 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. These strains were isolated during the past three years from patients with acute bacterial meningitis. Three strains of H. influenzae were ampicillin-resistant while no pneumococcus or meningococcus strain was penicillin-resistant. Mezlocillin was the most potent antibiotic against the Haemophilus and pneumococcus strains, followed closely by azlocillin. Mezlocillin inhibited 77.7% of the meningococci strains tested at a concentration of 0.03 mg/l. Penicillin G was the most effective of the drugs against these strains. It inhibited 100% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. The cephalosporins were the least active of the six beta-lactam antibiotics tested.
Infection 1982
PMID:Comparative activity of six beta-lactam antibiotics against strains of Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 681 56

Infections in immunocompromised hosts have been an important clinical problem. Patients with liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma are at a high risk of infection due to multiple factors. Five hundred and two patients admitted with liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated for infection. The infection rate was not influenced by the etiology of hepatic diseases or the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, however, it increased with the advance of clinical stages of liver cirrhosis and hepatoma. The respiratory tract and urinary tract were the most common sites of infection, being involved in 50% and 28% of cases, respectively. The major pathogens of respiratory tract infection were S. aureus, H. influenzae, and P. aeruginosa. Gram-negative bacteria was the common isolate from sputum and urine, and S. aureus was also common in gram-positive bacteria. The infection rate was high in patients who died although infections could rarely be implicated as the direct cause of death. These findings should be a guide for the clinicians in treating patients with liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma who exhibit signs of infection.
 ...
PMID:Infections in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 754 30

In most cases of respiratory tract infection, antibiotic therapy has to be initiated before the results of microbiological examination are available. The four most common pathogens of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Pneumococci are the predominant pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia, followed by H. influenzae and staphylococci. Legionella, mycoplasma and chlamydia vary in frequency according to the population studied. Staphylococci, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Klebsiella spp. as well as H. influenzae are the major pathogens of secondary pneumonia. For reasons of cost and environmental problems, oral antibiotics ought to be used whenever possible considering the severity of the infection and patient circumstance. Parenteral antibiotics are indicated in severe infections in order to provide high therapeutic drug levels. Second generation cephalosporins are appropriate for initial therapy of lower respiratory tract infections. In case of severe infection, cephalosporins should be combined with an aminoglycoside, ureidopenicillin or quinolone. Cefuroxime has shown good clinical efficacy and tolerance in lower respiratory tract infections.
Infection 1993
PMID:[Parenteral cephalosporins for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections]. 831 90


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>