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Query: UNIPROT:O75191 (H. influenzae)
 4,961 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The identification of respiratory pathogens (e. g. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae) is impaired by the presence of large quantities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as is the case in the sputum specimens of cystic fibrosis patients. A procedure has been evaluated whereby the selective inhibition of the proliferation of P. aeruginosa is achieved by a broad spectrum pyocin, whereas the growth of H. influenzae is not influenced. This technique has been tested over a two year period resulting in a significantly augmented rate of identification of H. influenzae.
Infection
PMID:Selective procedure to isolate haemophilus influenzae from sputa with large quantities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 311 1

Three hundred and one patients with maxillary sinusitis participated in a double-blind, randomized study at 11 ENT-clinics in Europe. Sinusitis was diagnosed by the presence of at least two signs and symptoms and sinus X-ray showing more than 6 mm swelling of the maxillary mucosa. A microbiological specimen was obtained by intrasinusal aspiration. The patients were randomly assigned to treatment either with bacampillin 800 mg b. i. d. or with amoxicillin 500 mg t. i. d. for ten days. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae (94 strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (66 strains) and Branhamella catarrhalis (12 strains). In 96 of the patients, no microorganisms could be isolated. Beta-lactamase production was found in one H. influenzae strain and in three B. catarrhalis strains. Two hundred and seventy-one patients could be evaluated for efficacy at the follow-up visit day 8-25. The overall clinical outcome was the same in both treatment groups. Adverse events such as skin reactions and upper and lower gastrointestinal reactions occurred in 17.4% of the amoxicillin treated patients and in 10.8% of the bacampicillin treated patients (p = 0.101).
Infection
PMID:Efficacy of penicillin treatment in purulent maxillary sinusitis. A European multicenter trial. 314 Dec 90

Rapid eradication of bacteria from the CSF is critical for the outcome of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children. In 15 patients studied, the mean H. influenzae colony counts in CSF were 10(5) CFU/ml (range: 10(2) to 10(9) CFU/ml). Time-kill curves were determined for amoxicillin and cefotaxime alone and in combination with gentamicin or amikacin, against 60 clinical isolates of H. influenzae at concentrations equivalent to those found in CSF following systemic administration. Against beta-lactamase-negative strains (n = 44) a bactericidal effect was observed at 18 h for amoxicillin alone, at 5 h for amoxicillin plus aminoglycosides and at 2.5 h for cefotaxime with or without aminoglycosides. Against beta-lactamase-positive strains a bactericidal effect was observed at 18 h for cefotaxime, at 5 h for amoxicillin plus aminoglycosides and at 2.5 h for cefotaxime plus aminoglycosides. It appears that despite low concentrations of gentamicin or amikacin in the CSF, the accelerated killing of H. influenzae provides a rationale for the initial use of the combination of cefotaxime and aminoglycosides in the initial treatment of H. influenzae meningitis.
Infection
PMID:Early synergistic killing activity at concentrations attainable in CSF of amoxicillin or cefotaxime and aminoglycosides against Haemophilus influenzae. 325 47

One hundred seventy-five clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (including 74 beta-lactamase-producing strains) were examined for susceptibility to ampicillin, cefonicid, cefamandole, cefuroxime and cefotaxime. Cefonicid and cefamandole exhibited similar activity against ampicillin-susceptible strains (MIC90 = 0.2 mg/l for both antibiotics); cefuroxime was slightly less active (MIC90 = 0.01 mg/l). However, cefonicid, cefuroxime and cefotaxime were all more active against beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae than cefamandole (MIC90 = 1.0 mg/l for cefonicid, MIC90 = 2.0 mg/l for cefuroxime, MIC90 = 0.01 mg/l for cefotaxime, MIC90 = 5.0 mg/l for cefamandole). One hundred twenty-five of the 175 isolates were also tested for susceptibility to cefonicid and cefamandole by disc diffusion technique and a plot of zone diameter vs. MIC was analyzed for the beta-lactamase-producing strains.
Infection
PMID:In vitro activity of second and third generation cephalosporins against ampicillin susceptible and resistant haemophilus influenzae. 326 30

The distribution of respiratory tract infections (RTI) among the general population is not uniform. The incidence in neonates and the elderly (older than 65) is 2 to 3 times higher than that in adults. Examinations to determine the responsible pathogen are conducted in less than 1% of cases of RTI. The overall incidence of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in hospitalized patients amounts to 13 to 27%. The incidences of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care units are approximately 20% each. The management of the disease should be based on an aetiological diagnosis, and must take the individual patient's condition into account. Examination of the sputum or bronchial rinsing fluid is still the most reliable form of diagnosis, however, a sufficient number of quantitative methods must be applied. In hospitalized--and especially intensive care--patients these methods are often successful in isolating H. influenzae and pneumococci which we cannot afford to ignore as pathogens.
Infection 1987
PMID:[Incidence of deep respiratory tract infections]. 330 84

51 hospitalised patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated for ten days with two daily 1 g doses of the orally absorbed pro-drug cefuroxime axetil. However, some patients were still infected with Haemophilus influenzae or Branhamella catarrhalis at follow-up, and sputum purulence remained. Clinical results were "excellent" or "good" in 60% of the evaluable patients one week after the end of the treatment. Mean peak serum concentrations averaged 12.8 mg/l with mean peak sputum concentrations of 1.8 mg/l. The MIC90 value for H. influenzae was 4 mg/l. Three patients discontinued cefuroxime because of unwanted gastrointestinal drug effects, and three because of insufficient improvement. These results do not suggest that this compound is indicated for such patients.
Infection
PMID:Cefuroxime axetil in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 331 21

Haemophilus species usually occur on mucous membranes of both the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity, in children mostly in the pharynx. In children and adults, Haemophilus influenzae has pathogenic properties. In 1973, the first ampicillin-resistant and beta-lactamase-producing strain was isolated. Since then, an increase in ampicillin resistance has been observed worldwide in different countries due, mostly, to beta-lactamase production. Thus, the latter should be examined on a systematic basis in all pathogenic strains. Prior to 1980, the incidence of ampicillin resistance was still below 100%. In the course of a joint French study, in which both the "Centre d'Etude des Haemofiles" and municipal hospitals and university clinics participated in 1985, 705 strains occurring in clinical infections have been isolated. 613 strains (86.9%) were susceptible to the antibiotics tested, in 92 strains (13%) resistance to one or several antibiotics was seen. Biotype I and serotype b constituted the major proportion of residual strains. Resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol was observed in 11.2%, 9%, 6.8%, and 3.4% of the strains respectively. 11 different phenotypes of resistance have been considered feasible for the resistant strains. With one exception, resistance to ampicillin was invariably due to beta-lactamase production. On account of the level of incidence of ampicillin-resistant strains it is recommended that ampicillin no longer be used in the treatment of systemic infections due to H. influenzae.
Infection 1987
PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae: epidemiologic problems of antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin]. 349 5

Pneumonia counts as one of the most frequent severe Haemophilus influenzae infections to afflict adults. 60% of patients with pneumonia caused by type b H. influenzae are more than 50 years old, 30% to 40% are alcoholics, and 30% to 40% have chronic pulmonary disease or other concurrent illness. In the majority of cases there is multilobular, maculate, diffuse and usually bilateral involvement of the pulmonary tissue. The mortality rate due to type b H. influenzae pneumonia ranges between 30% and 40%. In patients with non-bacteriaemic pneumonia caused by non-encapsulated strains of H. influenzae it is rare for several lobes to be involved, there is little exudation and the mortality rate is low. H. influenzae is a significant pathogen in acute epiglottitis in adults and it also appears to play an important role in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and acute sinusitis. beta-lactamase production mediated by R-factors or plasmids of gram-negative bacteria is responsible for ampicillin resistance. In 1978 the overall rate of resistance of H. influenzae to ampicillin in American hospitals amounted to 18%. H. influenzae are found in the nasopharynx of people exposed to others infected with H. influenzae. The risk of secondary infection in children who come into contact with patients infected with type b H. influenzae amounts to approximately 2.1%. Adults in close contact with children suffering from severe H. influenzae infections must be warned of the possible risks of secondary infection.
Infection 1987
PMID:[Respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae in adults]. 349 6

Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are found in 87% of all cases of exacerbated chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease. Complications of viral respiratory tract disease are most frequently caused by H. influenzae. Not only encapsulated forms of H. influenzae, but also non-encapsulated strains may be responsible for the onset of pneumonia and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults. The most common symptoms of infections with H. influenzae are cough, dyspnoea, increase in purulent sputum and wheezing. A quantitative sputum culture is recommended for diagnosing chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease. Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are always treated with antibiotics effective against H. influenzae and pneumococci. As a rule, empirical treatment should suffice in general practice. In the comparison between ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and cefaclor included in the study protocol appended to this report, the latter produced the most favourable results both in the empirical and specific forms of treatment. We would recommend cefaclor as the antibiotic of choice for this disease.
Infection 1987
PMID:[Infections of the lower respiratory tract in general practice]. 349 7

An average of 1.4% of the more than 30,000 participants in a treatment study were diagnosed as having acute sinusitis. 62% of all cases of sinusitis arose in patients aged between 15 and 44 years. Treatment with antibiotics is indicated in purulent sinusitis whilst non-purulent sinusitis is treated either with local or systemic antiphlogistic agents. The secondary bacterial infection is usually caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and anaerobic bacteria. In Scandinavia these probably account for 90% of the purulent sinusitis cases whilst Branhamella catarrhalis is responsible for the remaining 10%. Penicillin V is the agent of choice in acute sinusitis. Cefaclor is preferable in combatting H. influenzae. In a double blind study comparing doxycycline to cefaclor in the management of acute sinusitis (108 patients with cefaclor, 105 patients with doxycycline, no difference emerged between the two groups in the subjective assessment of the treatment results. Objective evaluation recorded excellent results for 88% and 83% of the patients in the cefaclor and doxycycline groups, respectively. Side-effects were noted by 7% of the cefaclor and by 13% of the doxycycline patients. The difference between the incidence of side-effects was not statistically significant. Taking into account the treatment results, the side-effects and ecological aspects, cefaclor is second only to penicillin as the agent of choice in suspected or confirmed purulent sinusitis (e. g. in presence of penicillin allergies or failure of the infection to respond to penicillin V).
Infection 1987
PMID:[Acute sinusitis in adults]. 349 8


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