Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:O60502 (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase)
 1,623 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the diagnostic validity of five urinary enzymes--alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), and lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17)--as indicators of acute rejection crises in renal-transplant recipients. In 82 patients (group A), the excretion of each of these five enzymes was measured daily from transplantation until discharge from hospital. In another 69 patients (group B), enzyme determinations were made when the patient came for regular checkups (about every four to eight weeks). We used an "activity ratio" (the activity measured at a particular time compared with the activity on the preceding determination) value of 1.5 as the decision point. In group A, use of this discrimination point for alanine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase yielded a specificity and sensitivity of about 90%. In group B, only alanine aminopeptidase had a greater diagnostic sensitivity than creatinine alone. Evidently, measurement of alanine aminopeptidase can be a helpful indicator of acute rejection crises, when interpreted in combination with other available relevant clinical, biochemical, and immunological data.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of some urinary enzymes for detecting acute rejection crises in renal-transplant recipients: alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and lysozyme. 287 13

Excretion of urinary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT, EC 2.3.2.2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP, EC 3.4.11.-), alanine aminotransferase (GPT, EC 2.6.1.2) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, EC 3.2.1.30) was studied following a single i.v. application of 1 mg mercuric chloride/kg body weight or a radio contrast medium (SH H 340 AB) at a dose of 7.5 g iodine/kg body weight in rats. Measurements of urinary enzymes and serum urea nitrogen and creatinine were carried out on the second, third, fourth and ninth days after treatment. Histological examinations of kidneys were performed on day 9. A drastic increase in urinary LDH and moderate increase in gamma-GT, ALP and AAP and a very slight increase in GPT was observed in the first 18-h urine samples after mercuric chloride. This increase in enzymuria was associated with a drastic increase in serum urea nitrogen and creatinine, with a maximum on day 4. The radio contrast medium-treated animals showed a similar but less pronounced pattern of urinary enzymes excretion and only a slight increase of serum urea nitrogen on day 2. A good correlation was found between histological findings and enzymuria as well as serum urea nitrogen and creatinine. Thus, determination of only some urinary enzymes (LDH and gamma-GT) is valuable in predicting early nephrotoxicity and sufficient for the diagnosis of proximal tubule damage in rats.
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PMID:Value of enzyme determinations in urine for the diagnosis of nephrotoxicity in rats. 287 61

The activities of 5 enzymes in urine and renal tubules were measured after administration to male Wistar rats of small doses of ochratoxin A (145 micrograms/kg per day for 8-12 weeks, corresponding to 2 ppm in the feed) by intubation. These doses are in the range of natural contaminations found in food and feed. The enzymes examined were gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). The doses employed caused increased enzymuria and lower activities of tubular enzymes after 1 week of feeding. This suggests tubular injury. The change of the enzyme activities in the urine and in the tubules appeared in a cyclic way (degeneration and regeneration). Phenylalanine (20 ppm) partially prevented this action of ochratoxin A. The p-[14C]aminohippurate accumulation was inhibited by 60% in the second week but returned to almost normal level 6 weeks after the beginning of the treatment, suggesting an adaptation of the organism or a substitution of damaged cells.
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PMID:Changes in urinary and renal tubular enzymes caused by subchronic administration of ochratoxin A in rats. 287 66

The mechanism of cadmium metallothionein (Cd-MT)-induced renal toxicity was studied in rats using urinary enzyme excretion as a marker for cellular damage. Animals were injected with either saline or Zn (20 mg of Zn as ZnSO4/kg b.wt.) at 0.5, 4 or 24 hr before injection of Cd-MT (0.3 mg of Cd as Cd-MT/kg b.wt. i.p.). Activities of two brush border enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), and a lysosomal enzyme, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), were measured in 24-hr urine collections. Urinary excretion of all three enzymes was increased significantly after Cd-MT injection. Both ALP and GGT excretions reached a maximum at 24 hr whereas NAG excretion reached peak values at 48 hr after Cd-MT injection. The excretion of all three enzymes decreased to the control level by the 3rd day. Zn pretreatment alone had no effect on urinary enzyme excretion. Pretreatment with Zn salts at 0.5 and 2 hr before Cd-MT injection did not show any difference in the urinary excretion of the enzymes as compared with the saline-treated controls. However, injection of Zn salts at 24 hr before Cd-MT injection resulted in a significant decrease in the excretion of the lysosomal enzyme NAG whereas both ALP and GGT excretions were unchanged. Extensive proximal tubular damage was observed morphologically in all the rats injected with Cd-MT, but the cellular damage was less in rats pretreated with Zn sulfate 24 hr before Cd-MT injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal toxicity of cadmium-metallothionein and enzymuria in rats. 287 4

The catalytic activity of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase has been measured in 24 h urines of patients with a calcium oxalate calculus (9 men, 11 women) and has been compared with those of a reference collective (11 men, 10 women). The diagnostic sensitivity and the diagnostic specificity have been calculated according to four different discrimination methods in which the diagnostic sensitivity lies between 65% and 100%, the diagnostic specificity between 72% and 100%. Within the reference group there was a correlation between the excretion of the three brush-border enzymes, whereas within the group of patients only a correlation between gamma-glutamyltransferase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was observed. From this pathophysiological conclusions can be drawn.
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PMID:[Determination of enzyme activities in urine of patients with calcium oxalate calculi]. 288 Sep 24

Time dependent changes in urinary biochemical indicators for renal tubular injury and dysfunction were determined in female Wistar rats after an intraperitoneal injection of cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT) (50, 150 or 300 micrograms Cd/kg body wt) to further characterize the tubular damage caused by Cd. The Cd-MT injection caused dose-dependent increases in urinary activities of the enzymes (alkaline phosphatase; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) on day 1, which appeared to reflect the tubular injury. The rate of increase in LDH, a cytosolic enzyme, was the largest among those of the enzymes. This result coincided with the data reported for repeated administration of ionic Cd to rats, suggesting that the feature of tubular injury caused by an injection of Cd-MT is similar to that by chronic exposure to ionic Cd. Changes in urinary glucose and total protein, indicators of tubular dysfunction, and metals (Cd, zinc and copper) were accompanied with those in urinary enzymes. Hydrocarbons in breath of rats injected with Cd-MT at a dose of 300 micrograms Cd/kg body weight were also determined as an indicator of in vivo lipid peroxidation. The levels of ethane and propane were significantly increased at 12 h after injection, which suggests that lipid peroxidation is partly involved in the tubular damage reflected by the increases in urinary enzymes.
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PMID:Renal damage induced by cadmium-metallothionein: effects on biochemical indicators. 288 22

The urinary enzymes alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), and ribonuclease (EC 3.1.4.22) were measured in 66 healthy persons and 52 patients suffering from chronic renal diseases (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis). The residual renal function of patients characterized by 99mTc-diethylenetriaminopentaacetate isotope clearance was only moderately reduced. Except for gamma-glutamyltransferase, patients generally showed increased urinary enzyme excretions. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was more sensitive to detect renal dysfunction than the other enzymes and the conventional parameters serum creatinine, total protein excretion, and the measurement of glomerular filtration rate. The determination of this enzyme can be recommended as a suitable diagnostic parameter in nephrology.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of different urinary enzymes in patients suffering from chronic renal diseases. 289 Apr 51

A number of recent studies of long-term kidney donors have reviewed glomerular function and blood pressure. Little attention has been paid to the potentially damaging effects of compensatory hyperfiltration on renal tubular cells after donor nephrectomy. The urinary excretion of high-molecular-weight enzymes is a sensitive indicator of renal tubular cell damage. This study compares the urinary excretion of four enzymes (alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and lactate dehydrogenase) in a group of 77 subjects who had undergone unilateral nephrectomy up to 21 years previously with 52 healthy non-nephrectomized controls. The urinary excretion for all four enzymes by the remaining kidney after contralateral nephrectomy in the kidney donors was significantly greater than the enzyme excretion per single kidney in the control group (p less than 0.001). No correlation was found between the degree of enzymuria and either glomerular filtration rate or time since nephrectomy. The elevated activity of urinary enzymes in kidney donors may be related to increased metabolism by the renal tubular cells after contralateral nephrectomy. This study suggests that long-term compensatory hyperfiltration does not damage tubular cells, at least over this time scale.
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PMID:Urinary enzyme excretion after donor nephrectomy. 231 35

We examined the stability of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), and lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) in urine prepared by gel filtration and supplemented with albumin, or ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol plus albumin during storage at -20 degrees C for a period of 12 months. The stability was assessed by linear regression analysis of monthly values versus time. All enzymes except for gamma-glutamyltransferase could be considered stable for about one year in all three control materials provided that maximum change of 10% of the starting enzyme activity is accepted as tolerable. If ethylene glycol is used as stabilizer, its suitability must be tested and its inhibitory effect on enzyme activities must be taken into account in intermethod comparisons, because in some methods, it may be removed in a pretreatment step.
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PMID:Quality control material for activity determinations of urinary enzymes. 289 58

This study provides quantitative toxicological data on potassium dichromate-induced renal damage and considers the possible difficulties arising from the non-invasive in vivo assessment of renal damage, with particular attention to enzymuria. Renal damage induced in male Wistar rats by single sc injections of potassium dichromate was assessed 52 to 72 hr after doses ranging from 3 to 20 mg potassium dichromate/kg body weight and throughout a 9-day period following a dose of 20 mg potassium dichromate/kg. The earliest and most sensitive non-invasive functional change in the dose-response and time-response studies was an elevation in the rate of urinary excretion of protein. Evidence of tissue damage was observed with elevations in the urinary excretion rates of the brush border enzymes, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase, the cytosolic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase and the lysosomal enzyme, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. Such changes occurred as early as the abnormal urinary protein excretion, but returned to control or sub-control values sooner. Urinary brush border enzyme excretion returned to control values within 48 hr following potassium dichromate injection, despite histological and histochemical evidence of extensive renal damage and renal dysfunction. Elevations in plasma aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were observed, but histochemical and isoenzyme studies would be needed to determine the source of these increases. The simplest and most persistent indicators of renal damage were the urinary excretion of protein and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase.
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PMID:Dose-response and time-response biochemical and histological study of potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. 289 38


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