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Query: UNIPROT:A7KAX9 (grit)
 1,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty bovine incisors were ground on 320-grit silicone carbide paper and cleaned with fluoride-free prophylaxis paste. The enamel surface conditions were: 1. no conditioning; 2. salicylic acid (10%, 10s); 3. benzoic acid (10%, 10s); 4. air polishing with sodium hydrogen carbonate/Prophy-Jet; 5. Prophy-Jet, followed by polyacrylic acid (PAA, 10%, 10 s); 6. PAA, followed by saliva contamination; 7. PAA; 8. phosphoric acid (37%, 10 s). Fuji Ortho II LC (GC) was used as a bracket adhesive in groups 1 t0 7, and in group 8 Concise orthodontic (3M). Stainless steel lingual buttons were placed by hand. Polymerisation with visible light was carried out 20 s from mesial, distal, incisal and gingival. After 24 h storage in tap water at room temperature the shear bond strengths were tested in accordance with ISO specification TC 106/SC/WG16. Mean values of the groups were compared using Student's t-test. Group 7 (PAA) attained the highest mean shear strength (in comparison with control group): 28 MPa. This was both significantly different from the control group (Concise, 33 MPa) and highly significant in comparison with the other groups (< 16 MPa). The shear bond strength of Fuji Ortho II LC on PAA conditioned enamel indicates the clinical applicability of this material.
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PMID:Light-cured glass ionomer cement as a bracket adhesive with different types of enamel conditioners. 920 Aug 93

This study evaluated the effect of the thickness of the adhesive resin layer of two commercially available resin bonding systems on bond strengths (Single Bond and Liner Bond 2V). The adhesive of Single Bond contains ethanol and water as solvents and is applied using the moist-bonding technique. The adhesive of Liner Bond 2V contains no solvents and is applied after a self-etching primer treatment. Forty-six caries-free molars were ground flat to expose the dentin surface and polished with #800-grit silicon carbide paper under running water. A vinyl tape punched with a 6 mm diameter hole was then placed on the dentin surface to demarcate the area for bonding. The thickness of the adhesive resin layer was varied by stacking an increasing numbers of vinyl tapes together. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups and treated with either Clearfil Liner Bond 2V or Single Bond. They were further divided into subgroups according to the number of tapes placed on the dentin surface. After the bonding procedures the teeth were incrementally restored with Clearfil AP-X resin composite, building a 5 mm high crown to produce sufficient bulk for the microtensile bond test and stored in tap water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The teeth were then sectioned along their long axis into 0.7 mm thick slabs and trimmed for the microtensile bond test using a super-fine diamond bur. The thickness of the adhesive resin layer was then measured with a light microscope and the slabs tested in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The results were subjected to statistical analysis by a one-way analysis of variance and linear regressions with 95% confidence intervals. The thickness of the Clearfil Liner Bond 2V adhesive layer ranged from 5 mm-1500 mm, and for Single Bond, it varied from < 7.5 mm-430 mm. For Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, bond strengths increased significantly as the thickness of bonding layer increased (p < 0.05). However, the bond strengths of the Single Bond decreased significantly with increased thickness of the bonding layer (p < 0.05).
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PMID:Relationship between adhesive thickness and microtensile bond strength. 1120 83

Mutual wear rates of resin composites and both superficial and deep layers of enamel and dentin were investigated by means of an in vitro wear test. Occlusal surfaces of extracted molars were ground flat to respective layers of enamel and dentin. Hemispherical-shaped styli (n = 8) made of microfilled and microhybrid composites were placed perpendicular to the finished tooth surface (600 grit) in the presence of tap water, and a two-body wear test (75 N load and 1.2 Hz) was performed for 100,000 cycles. The wear depths on both tooth and composite specimens were determined, and the data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Boneferroni test (p < 0.05). The values of deep and superficial dentin specimens against Esthet-X (530.2 +/- 213.0 microm and 717.4 +/- 309.6 microm) were significantly greater than those against Epic-TMPT (34.1 +/- 17.6 microm and 29.3 +/- 10.8 microm). The values of Esthet-X against dentin were the smallest (2.4-2.6 microm), followed by those of the same material against enamel (5.5-6.1 microm), and those of Epic-TMPT against enamel (7.2-7.9 microm). It was concluded that the wear rates of dentin varied with the type of composite used while those of enamel showed the consistency.
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PMID:Mutual wear evaluation of resin composites when opposing enamel and dentin. 1692 15

The purpose of this work was to evaluate microleakeage of a sealant after using three different techniques for conditioning the surface to be sealed. Twenty-four caries-free upper and lower premolars were used, which were preserved in distilled water at room temperature. The structural faults were enlarged using a cylindrical conical diamond (ISO 007). Teeth were randomly assigned into three groups of eight. Group I (control) was conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid (Vivadent) for 15 seconds after which the sealant Helioseal F (Vivadent) was applied and cured for 40 seconds. Group II was conditioned in the same way, after which one-step adhesive Te-econom (Vivadent) and the sealant were applied. Group III was conditioned using a self-etching adhesive, Go (SDI), after which the sealant was applied. Adhesive was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. The samples were thermocycled for 300 cycles between 5 degrees and 55 degreesC and immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 48 hs. at standardized temperature of 37 degreesC +/- 1 degree. Then they were rinsed with tap water and ground longitudinally in V-P direction with silica carbide rotatory disks of decreasing grit. The amount of leakage was evaluated under stereoscopic microscope at 40X magnification. The longitudinal penetration of dye into the tooth-sealant interface was scored on a scale of 0 to 3. The results were analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. In Group II, 100% of the samples showed low (50%) or no (50%) leakage. Both the other groups had a higher percentage of specimens with high leakage (scores 2 and 3) (P = 0.000). Group II had the best performance, with significant differences (P = 0.0028) compared to the other experimental groups. Marginal leakage was lowest when the tooth was conditioned with phosphoric acid and subsequent application of an adhesive, prior to sealant.
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PMID:In vitro study of microleakage of fissure sealant with different previous treatments. 2216 12

Grit as an interesting and significant topic in psychology has been associated with better study habits and higher grades through perseverance and passion for long term goals. The only available measurement instrument of grit (Duckworth et al. in J Personal Soc Psychol 92:1087-1101, 2007) is general both in terms of its subject matter and context. Thus, this study aims to develop and validate an English as a foreign language (EFL) grit instrument whose items are specific to EFL context to obtain a more detailed view of its components for Iranian EFL learners, and to tap on other grit related factors in the EFL context. A four component model of EFL grit was developed through reviewing the existing literature and exploring EFL experts' perspectives. This tentative theoretical model of EFL grit encompasses overarching construct of effort including the following main components: Trying hard to learn English (THLE) having interest in learning English (ILE) practicing a lot in order to learn English (PLE) and having goal for learning English (HGLE). The model was then cross checked against the results of the interviews, and evolved into a scenario-based, 5 point Likert-scale EFL grit instrument. It was later operationalized by an instrument consisting of 26 items, i.e. 6 items for each component plus 2 items for themes 1 and 3. The piloting and testing of the tentative model through exploratory and confirmatory data analyses on a sample of 306 EFL learners indicated the reliability of 0.833 and an acceptable validity. The findings called for a more meaningful interpretation of the concept of grit in relation to Iranian EFL context and offered new insights for higher education administrators considering student academic performance.
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PMID:Developing an Iranian ELT Context-Specific Grit Instrument. 2951 15