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Query: UNIPROT:A7KAX9 (grit)
 1,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although nitric acid is a component in some new bonding systems, the action of nitric acid as an etchant for the improvement of adhesion of bonding systems for resin composites to dentin and enamel has not been reported. A determination of the extent of etching on both dentin and enamel using 2.5% HNO3 solution at various application time periods was the purpose of this study. Extracted human molars were cleaned and sectioned so that flat samples of dentin and enamel would be produced. Surfaces were abraded with 320-grit aluminum-oxide paper, washed with distilled water for 10 s, and blown with air for 10 s. Duplicate samples of dentin and enamel were treated with a drop of 2.5% HNO3. Application periods varied by 10-second intervals, from 10 s up to 60 s. After being rinsed with distilled water and dried, the sections were routinely processed for observation by SEM. The micrographs of the treated surfaces showed various degrees of etching and erosion proportional to the length of application time. The 30-second application revealed a well-etched surface with minimal erosion.
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PMID:Time dependence of 2.5% nitric acid solution as an etchant on human dentin and enamel. 196 36

The purpose of this study was to determine the shear bond strengths of five commercially available fluoride-containing restorative systems to dentin and to evaluate the fluoride release from them. The five systems evaluated were: (A) Vitrabond/Silux; (B) Zionomer Powder Liquid/Perfection; (C) Zionomer Paste Paste/Perfection; (D) TimeLine/Prisma-Fil; and (E) GC Dental Cement/Fuji II. Eighteen test specimens were prepared on the dentin surfaces of extracted human permanent first and second molars ground on 600 grit SiC paper with each system. The bonded cylinders were removed from the assembly apparatus 15 minutes after cure, stored in physiological saline at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and subjected to a shear load at 0.5 mm/min. Five cylindrical specimens were prepared for each system, the discs were suspended in 25 microL glass distilled water and the fluoride release (microgram F/mm2) determined at daily intervals for 15 days and then after 30 and 90 days. The data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. The following shear bond strengths (Mean +/- SD) were recorded (MPa): A: 8.86 +/- 1.49; B: 4.24 +/- 1.23; C: 4.41 +/- 1.39; D: 3.85 +/- 1.60; E: 4.81 +/- 1.21. With all the systems, the fluoride release dropped sharply during the first 7 days and then remained constant. The shear bond strength and the fluoride release from Vitrabond/Silux were significantly greater than that of the other systems.
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PMID:Shear bond strengths to dentin and fluoride release from fluoride-containing liners. 196 82

To evaluate the effect of the diamond grit size of commercial dental diamond points on the dental cutting, we conducted weight-load cutting tests on bovine enamel and glass-ceramic typodont teeth using 3 different diamond grit sizes and air-bearing and ball-bearing air-turbine driven handpieces. With the transverse load applied on the diamond point varied between 20 and 80 g, we measured rotational cutting speed and cutting volume. Generally, increases in applied load caused decreases in rotational cutting speed and increases in cutting volume. The intensity of this trend, however, differed between grit sizes. Regular grit diamond points most strongly showed this tendency, while super-fine grit diamond points were least affected. Fine grit diamond points behaved in a manner similar to regular grit points.
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PMID:Effects of the diamond grit sizes of the commercial dental diamond points on the weight-load cutting of bovine enamel and glass-ceramic Typodont teeth. 196 19

An in vitro study was performed to evaluate the effect of four variables on the temperature rise produced by the finishing of restorations. The four variables were: restorative material, finishing agent, finishing time, and depth of dentin under the restoration. Class V preparations were cut on extracted premolars and restored with amalgam, composite, or glass ionomer cement. Finishing was done with wet pumice and cup, wet pumice and a brush, a grit rubber polishing point, and an aluminum oxide- coated disc. Finishing time was continuous or intermittent for up to 1 minute. Dentin thickness under the restoration was 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm. Amalgam produced the highest temperature rises at the pulp, while composite and glass ionomer were no different than the untreated (virgin) tooth. Aluminum oxide discs produced the largest temperature rise, wet pumice with a brush the least. Temperature rise increased almost linearly with continuous finishing, while intermittent finishing significantly reduced temperature rise in all cases. Thickness of remaining dentin was only significant for the amalgam restoration, and then only at 1.0 and 0.5 mm.
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PMID:Temperature rise due to finishing of direct restorative materials. 200 92

Campylobacter was found only in raw sewage sludge samples of the high-rate municipal sewage treatment plant studied. Campylobacters were isolated from 28.6% of the sewage sludge samples of grit tank and primary settling tank. 40% of the settled activated sludge samples contained Campylobacter. Campylobacter was never found in digested sludge of a mean sludge age of more than 90 days. The survival times of Campylobacter in sewage sludge samples ranged between some hours and 10 days. Therefore a low risk of the spread of Campylobacter in the environment due to agricultural application of digested sewage sludge is assumed.
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PMID:[The occurrence and survival of Campylobacter in sewage sludge]. 203 8

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) and B. sphaericus were evaluated for chironomid larvicidal activity in freshwater mesocosms. Of two B.t.i. formulations, the technical powder ABG-6164 provided excellent control of chironomines (94%) at the rate of 11.2 kg/ha whereas the liquid concentrate, Vectobac 6 AS, achieved only moderate control (57%) at the rate of 22.4 kg/ha. In contrast, similar rates of B. sphaericus products, ABG-6184 technical powder and BSP-2 flowable concentrate, produced no significant reduction. Lake studies were initiated to determine which B.t.i. formulations were practical and effective in large-scale situations. Two sinking granular corn grit formulations worked with varying degrees of success but were deemed too bulky for extensive applications. B.t.i. technical powder preparations with high potency ratings of 5,000 and 12,430 ITU/mg gave excellent control of Chironomus spp. (100% and 87%) when used at the rates of 6.7 and 2.8 kg/ha, respectively. None of the treatments reduced larval populations of the tanypodines, Procladius and Tanypus.
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PMID:Microbial larvicides for the control of nuisance aquatic midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) inhabiting mesocosms and man-made lakes in California. 204 9

The purpose of this study was to: 1) determine the most effective combination of composite resin and adhesive resin cement in the cementation process when fabricating esthetic inlays in severely broken down posterior primary teeth; 2) evaluate the pulpal response to adhesive resin cement in the primary teeth of young dogs. In Part I of the study, P-30 and Dentacolor composite resin inlays were evaluated with regard to their bonding strengths with Panavia-EX and Chemiace adhesive resins. Test samples of the composite resin inlays were prepared in molds according to the manufacturer's instructions. Each sample was polished on a flat, wet surface of 320 grit carborundum until a uniformly flat surface, perpendicular to the long axis of the cylinder was attained. Composite resin plugs, similarly fabricated, were bonded to the test samples using either Panavia-EX or Chemiace adhesive resin cements. A total of 160 samples were divided into four groups. Three of the groups were tested for bonding strength at intervals of 24 hours, 7 days and 30 days. The fourth group was thermocycled through 4 degrees C and 60 degrees C immersion periods. The results were analyzed using Tukey's studentized range test with an alpha (significance level) of 0.05. In Part II of the study, the pulpal response to Panavia-EX as a luting medium was compared with that of HY-Bond polycarboxylate cement. Cavities were prepared in 92 teeth from 8 young dogs and contralateral pairs of teeth were restored with Panavia-EX and HY-Bond polycarboxylate cement respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bond strengths and pulpal response of light-cured composite resin inlays in primary molars. 207 31

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of dentin surface roughness on the shear bond strength of a dentin bonding agent. Seventy-five dentin samples were divided into five surface preparation groups: (1) 60-grit SiC; (2) 320-grit SiC; (3) 600-grit SiC; (4) 600-grit SiC followed by AI2O3, and (5) 320-grit SiC followed by a #245 carbide bur. The prepared dentin was treated with a dentin primer, and one coat of dentin bonding agent was applied and light-cured for 30 s. Each dentin specimen was mounted in a device with a split Teflon mold (I.D. = 3.5 mm, depth = 5.0 mm). Three increments of a restorative composite were placed, compressed firmly, and light-cured for 30 s in the mold. After 24 h of storage, the bonds were stressed to failure in a mechanical testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Weibull analysis was used to obtain a shape factor and characteristic level for each group. The results showed that, with the possible exception of the 600-grit SiC and AI2O3 group, the grit size used for preparation of dentin specimens for shear bond strength testing in this study did not significantly affect bond strength.
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PMID:Effect of dentin surface roughness on shear bond strength. 208 96

The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in the surface chemistry of dentin following various adhesive treatments. The coronal parts of sound freshly extracted third molars were cross-sectioned over the pulp chambers, each producing a pair of dentin samples which were polished to 600 grit and cleaned with 3% H2O2. The first sample of each pair was used as a control, while the second one was subjected to one of the following adhesive treatments: (a) Gluma Cleanser, (b) Tenure Conditioner, (c) Scotchprep, (d) Gluma Cleanser/Gluma Primer, (e) Tenure Conditioner/Tenure Solution A&B, or (f) Scotchprep/Scotchbond 2 Adhesive. The treated samples paired with their respective controls were studied by small-area ESCA spectroscopy. Three areas of 1.0 mm in diameter randomly chosen on each sample were analyzed by survey and C1s, O1s, N1s high-resolution spectra. The samples from groups d, e, and f were additionally subjected to argon-ion-depth profiling of the uppermost 2-nm layer at 0.5-nm intervals. According to the results, treatment modes a, b, and c caused the reduction of carbonates and increased the -NH/NH2 ratio. Treatments a and c increased the alcohol groups, while treatments b and c increased the carbonyl and ether groups. All these changes were in comparison to the reference dentin specimens. Dentin treatment with d, e, and f induced a complex in depth distribution of the C, N, O binding states. The energy shifts detected do not indicate primary bonding of the tested adhesives to the dental substrate.
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PMID:Surface reactions of adhesives on dentin. 208 97

Four different methods for finishing and polishing the surfaces of two different glass-ionomer cements were studied by measuring the roughness of specimens at different stages of the procedures. Method 1 consisted of the four 3M Sof-Lex XT discs. Method 2 included a round, fine-grit diamond and the Vivadent polisher. In method 3 a round Arkansas stone and the Vivadent polisher were used. Method 4 comprised medium and fine sand and fine cuttle paper discs. Petroleum jelly was always used, to prevent heating and desiccation of the specimens. The cements used were KetacFil and KetacSilver. The smoothest surface was found after removal of the strip. The Sof-Lex medium disc gave the least rough surface for KetacFil, whereas the fine cuttle disc gave the smoothest finish for KetacSilver. Discs in sequence are to be preferred to diamonds and stones.
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PMID:Finishing and polishing glass-ionomer cements. 212 6


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