Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 1,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study evaluated the effect of a prophylaxis with a triclosan/copolymer/NaF dentifrice (Colgate Gum Protection Formula) and a reduced etching time with 37% phosphoric acid gel on the shear bond strength of a resin composite to enamel. 60 human extracted permanent molars were used. A flat enamel surface was obtained with 600 grit SiC paper and cleaned with a rubber cup and a water slurry of fine flour of pumice. The teeth were randomly distributed into 4 groups of 15 teeth each: Group 1: Pumice prophylaxis with a rubber cup, etched for 30 seconds; Group 2: Pumice prophylaxis, etched for 60 seconds; Group 3: Triclosan/copolymer/NaF dentifrice prophylaxis, etched for 30 seconds; Group 4: Triclosan/copolymer/NaF dentifrice prophylaxis, etched for 60 seconds. After etching, rinsing and drying, an unfilled resin (Coe Bond) was thinly applied with a brush and cured for 30 seconds. A nylon ring was placed over the area and filled with a light-cured resin composite (Occlusin). The teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles and sheared with a knife-edged blade in an Instron running at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The results in MPa were as follows: Group 1: 18.84 +/- 7.08; Group 2: 22.65 +/- 4.37; Group 3: 18.79 +/- 5.77; Group 4: 19.62 +/- 6.13. An ANOVA showed that there was no statistically significant difference among the groups. Enamel fracture occurred in 20% (3/15) in Group 1, 53% (8/15) in Group 2, 20% (3/15) in Group 3, and 47% (7/15) in Group 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Triclosan/copolymer/NAF dentifrice prophylaxis, reduced etching time and shear bond strength of a resin composite to enamel. 130 78

1. Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of lighting regime, dietary calcium source and sodium bicarbonate on production variables and egg shell quality of White Leghorn hens. In both experiments, hens were assigned to one of three lighting programmes that provided evening, morning or intermittent (midnight) lighting supplements in addition to natural daylight. Experimental diets used in the first study were formulated to contain (1) ground oyster shell flour, (2) limestone flour, or (3) and (4) the same +2/3 of the calcium source as hen-size oyster shell grit. The same 4 diets plus those containing hen-size limestone or hen-size limestone and oyster shells were used in experiment II. Additionally, diets in the first experiment contained either 0 or 10 g/kg sodium bicarbonate. 2. Hen-day egg production and food consumption were not affected by any of the experimental treatments. Hens fed on oyster shell diets or exposed to intermittent lighting regimes laid eggs of the highest specific gravity. Shell quality, as measured by specific gravity, was not affected by the addition of dietary sodium bicarbonate. 3. As expected, elevated temperatures (greater than 32 degrees C) significantly reduced egg shell quality. However, this effect was variable particularly in experiment II which used younger hens. 4. The shell quality of eggs from hens exposed to intermittent lighting in experiment II was significantly higher in each of the 4 sampling periods: morning (08.00-12.00), afternoon (12.00-16.00), evening (16.00-20.00) and night (20.00-08.00). 5. It is suggested that midnight lighting programmes provide a means of supporting egg shell quality of older laying hens during the summer months without a significant reduction in egg production.
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PMID:Nutritional and environmental factors involved in egg shell quality of laying hens. 132 25

For researching the biosynthesis labelled Fusarin C(Fc) by Fuscarium moniliforme, a more quick and convenient method of Fusarin C production and purification were established, and a good liquid culture medium consisted of different kinds organic matters (hydroxy proline, sucrose and glycerin), inorganic salts and perlite replaced corn grit medium. The perlite-liquid culture medium inoculated with the strain of F. moniliforme yields 936mg Fc/kg organic matter with in 14 days of incubation at 28 degrees C. As compared with the corn grit medium, the amount of Fc from perlite-liquid medium was more than that from corn grit medium (831mg Fc/kg corn grit). In all experiments both thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography were used to confirm the presence of Fc. parameters which were important for the optimal biosynthesis of Fc included hydroxy proline and sucrose concentrations, incubated time/temperature and amount of perlite. The 40g of sucrose/L liquid culture was optimal concentration for Fusarin C production. Of three contained N-matter tested, hydroxy proline was the best sources of N-atom for Fusarin C. Under the absence of hydroxy proline, the Fc wasn't synthesized in perlite-liquid culture medium by F. moniliforme. A culture time/temperature study of Fc production was done, and the optimal Fc amounts was synthesized after incubation for 14 days at 28 degrees C on perlite-liquid culture medium.
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PMID:[Method of producing fusarin C in perlite-liquid culture medium]. 132 59

Commercial porcelain refinishing kits are claimed to restore the surface finish on porcelain after adjustments in circumstances that preclude reglazing. This study investigates the efficacy of one such kit in restoring a Vitadur N porcelain surface finish after grinding with fine (30 microns grit-red band) and extra-fine (15 microns grit-yellow band) high-speed diamond burs. The production of the porcelain test samples, the refinishing procedures, and the refinishing times were standardized throughout. Techniques were selected to simulate clinical practice. Randomly selected examples of surfaces created during refinishing were subjected to scanning electron microscopy, using standard kV and tilt angle settings, and to surface profilometry tracings. Roughness average (Ra) readings were recorded for each test specimen for every surface finish. Ra readings were analyzed statistically using a two-way unbalanced model for analysis of variance. Although refinishing after grinding with a 15 microns grit bur produced surfaces significantly smoother than on specimens previously ground with the 30 microns grit burs, the surfaces remained significantly rougher than when originally glazed. It is concluded that, using the type of kit tested, burs of a grade finer than the existing 15 microns grit yellow band types would be appropriate for porcelain adjustments to permit subsequent refinishing to a surface smoothness comparable to the original glaze.
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PMID:Efficacy of a porcelain refinishing system in restoring surface finish after grinding with fine and extra-fine diamond burs. 133 31

Two adhesives, Super Bond and Panavia, were evaluated for shear bond strength to dentin. Twenty human teeth were used for each adhesive. Bonding sites were prepared in dentin (600 grit) and the adhesives applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. Bond strengths were determined with an Instron testing machine at 24 hours. Super Bond developed the strongest bond of 21.59 +/- 3.91 MPa. Panavia produced a lower bond strength of 2.68 +/- 1.45 MPa. Statistically, Super Bond was found to have a stronger bond than Panavia. The same two adhesives were applied to Ni-Cr-Be specimens and compared to Comspan. Twenty Rexillium III specimens were used for each adhesive at 24 hours and 20 for thermocycling. The metal specimens were ground flat (600 grit) and then air abraded with 50-micron aluminous oxide. The adhesives were applied to the metal surface in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. One group was tested at 24 hours while the second group was tested after thermocycling (2,500 cycles at 6 degrees C to 60 degrees C). At 24 hours, Super Bond had a significantly stronger bond than the other materials. Comparison of the 24-hour to thermocycled bond strengths found Comspan had a significant increase in bond strength, Panavia had no significant change and Super Bond had a significant decrease in bond strength. After 2,500 thermocycles, Comspan, Panavia, and Super Bond were not significantly different in bond strength.
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PMID:Shear bond strengths of resin adhesive cements to dentin and Ni-Cr-Be alloy. 138 59

Adhesion of porcelain to dentin may be important in those cases with little remaining enamel. The purpose of this study was to determine the bond strength of porcelain to dentin using a dentin adhesive (All-Bond) and compare it to the enamel bond strength. Sixty human molar teeth had either a dentin or enamel bonding site prepared by flat grinding to a 600 grit. The teeth were divided into three groups of 20 each. Sixty porcelain cylinders were prepared, hydrofluoric acid etched on one end and silane treated. Twenty of the cylinders were bonded to enamel, 20 bonded to dentin with a dentin adhesive to be tested at 48 hours, and 20 bonded to dentin with a dentin adhesive to be tested after 24 hours of thermocycling (800 cycles at 6 degrees C to 60 degrees C). The specimens were tested in an Instron at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The following bond strengths were found: enamel (19.0 +/- 2.9 MPa), dentin at 48 hours (14.4 +/- 5.4 MPa), and dentin after thermocycling (10.1 +/- 3.8 MPa). When this data was subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA), there was a significant difference between the groups. A Scheffe's test found that the dentin-porcelain bond at 48 hours was stronger than the thermocycled group, and that the enamel bond was significantly stronger than the two dentin bonds.
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PMID:Porcelain to dentin bond strength with a dentin adhesive. 138 62

This study assessed comparatively the tensile bond strengths to dentine of four resin dentine bonding agents. Flat surfaces were produced in the occlusal dentine of human third molars, finished with 600-grit paper and prepared for bonding to Silux Plus composite with Gluma, Prisma Universal Bond 2, Scotchbond 2 and Tenure. After 24 hours in water and 250 thermal cycles, the specimens were loaded in tension to failure on an Instron machine. There were 20 specimens in each test group. An analysis of variance and Duncan's test showed that the bond strengths of Scotchbond 2 (22.8 +/- 7.2 MPa) and Prisma Universal Bond 2 (20.1 +/- 7.8 MPa) were similar but significantly higher than those of Tenure (14.3 +/- 5.3 MPa) or Gluma (12.3 +/- 6.4 MPa). A Weibull analysis confirmed the superiority of Scotchbond 2 and Prisma Universal Bond 2. Scotchbond 2 and Prisma Universal Bond 2 specimens failed either in an adhesive-cohesive mode, or cohesively through the composite or the dentine. It was concluded that Scotchbond 2 and Prisma Universal Bond 2 are effective and are the dentine bonding agents of choice.
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PMID:Bond strengths of dentine bonding agents to dentine. 138 85

The effects of bilateral lesions of the centrifugal visual system (CVS) on the visual-discrimination capacity were studied in pigeons. Three different behavioral experiments, each testing different aspects of visual analysis, were performed. In the first two experiments, a grain-grit discrimination task and a visual-acuity determination, stimuli were presented in the frontal binocular visual field. A third experiment investigated the early detection of slow moving objects, introduced into the monocular lateral visual field. After bilateral lesions in the nucleus isthmo-opticus (ION) and in the ectopic nucleus isthmo-opticus (EION), a multiple linear regression analysis was employed to correlate the postoperative performance in all three tasks with the amount of structure loss within ION and EION. Deficits in the grain-grit discrimination procedure were a function of the ION lesion extent and did not depend on EION damage. Thus, these two structures could be functionally differentiated for the first time. Neither the ION nor the EION seems to be involved in visual-acuity performance or the early detection of large shadows moving forward through the visual field. Our data support the hypothesis that the CVS is involved in pecking and food selection among static stimuli at a short viewing distance in ground-feeding birds such as pigeons and chickens.
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PMID:Visual-discrimination deficits after lesions of the centrifugal visual system in pigeons (Columba livia). 139 Mar 82

Dental and dental hygiene faculty must select instruments to be used for root surface evaluation during scaling and root planing procedures. Because little information has been reported comparing the effectiveness of various instruments for this task, selection is based on subjective opinions. This study examined differences in the ability of 30 experienced and 32 inexperienced dental hygiene clinicians to differentiate degrees of surface smoothness using five different dental instruments. The relative smoothness test consisted of a set of ten paired abrasive strips of different or the same grit size. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significance for both main effects, instrument used and experience level. All subjects made more correct assessments with the Williams probe, 3A explorer and Moffitt-MD probe than with the #17 explorer. There was no significant difference between the 3CH explorer and the other four instruments. Experienced clinicians scored significantly higher than students on the relative smoothness test. Instrument selection could affect the end products achieved by clinicians, as well as affecting validity and reliability of current clinical evaluation mechanisms.
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PMID:Instrument effects on smoothness discrimination. 143 May 30

A shell blaster has many uses in a dental laboratory. However, because of the size and expense of this piece of equipment, it is not often found in many office laboratories. This article describes a method for making a relatively small, fully functional shell blaster for less than one hundred dollars. The shell blaster can be changed into a sandblaster by removing the walnut shells and refilling it with 26-grit aluminous oxide.
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PMID:Equipping a dental laboratory: making a shell blaster. 150 44


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