Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:A7KAX9 (grit)
 1,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of lighting regime, dietary calcium source and sodium bicarbonate on production variables and egg shell quality of White Leghorn hens. In both experiments, hens were assigned to one of three lighting programmes that provided evening, morning or intermittent (midnight) lighting supplements in addition to natural daylight. Experimental diets used in the first study were formulated to contain (1) ground oyster shell flour, (2) limestone flour, or (3) and (4) the same +2/3 of the calcium source as hen-size oyster shell grit. The same 4 diets plus those containing hen-size limestone or hen-size limestone and oyster shells were used in experiment II. Additionally, diets in the first experiment contained either 0 or 10 g/kg sodium bicarbonate. 2. Hen-day egg production and food consumption were not affected by any of the experimental treatments. Hens fed on oyster shell diets or exposed to intermittent lighting regimes laid eggs of the highest specific gravity. Shell quality, as measured by specific gravity, was not affected by the addition of dietary sodium bicarbonate. 3. As expected, elevated temperatures (greater than 32 degrees C) significantly reduced egg shell quality. However, this effect was variable particularly in experiment II which used younger hens. 4. The shell quality of eggs from hens exposed to intermittent lighting in experiment II was significantly higher in each of the 4 sampling periods: morning (08.00-12.00), afternoon (12.00-16.00), evening (16.00-20.00) and night (20.00-08.00). 5. It is suggested that midnight lighting programmes provide a means of supporting egg shell quality of older laying hens during the summer months without a significant reduction in egg production.
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PMID:Nutritional and environmental factors involved in egg shell quality of laying hens. 132 25

Surface topography plays a critical role in the interaction of dental implants with adjacent tissues. It has been hypothesized that an increase in surface roughness will result in an increase in calcium and phosphorus deposition after immersion in a simulated physiological solution and will increase protein production and calcium uptake by osteoblast-like cells. With the use of a profilometer, titanium samples ground with 600 grit silicon carbide paper were observed to have an average roughness (Ra) value of 0.28 +/- 0.03 micron, whereas titanium samples polished with 0.3 micron Al2O3 exhibited a Ra value of 0.11 +/- 0.01 micron. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and chlorine on both surface conditions after immersion in a protein-free physiologic solution. No significant difference in calcium and phosphorus concentrations were observed between the 600 grit or Al2O3 polished titanium samples after immersion in solution. The Ca/P ratio for both 600 grit and Al2O3 polished titanium was in the range of 0.8 to 1.1 after 12 days in solution. The percent protein retained by the rat bone marrow cell layer on both the Al2O3 polished and 600 grit titanium surfaces increased dramatically during the initial 3 days of the study. The 45Ca assays revealed no significant difference in cellular calcification on Al2O3 polished and 600 grit titanium surfaces. For both the Al2O3 polished and 600 grit surfaces, a sharp increase in 45Ca incorporation was observed after 9 days incubation.
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PMID:Effect of surface topography of titanium on surface chemistry and cellular response. 908 79

Eighty bovine incisors were ground on 320-grit silicone carbide paper and cleaned with fluoride-free prophylaxis paste. The enamel surface conditions were: 1. no conditioning; 2. salicylic acid (10%, 10s); 3. benzoic acid (10%, 10s); 4. air polishing with sodium hydrogen carbonate/Prophy-Jet; 5. Prophy-Jet, followed by polyacrylic acid (PAA, 10%, 10 s); 6. PAA, followed by saliva contamination; 7. PAA; 8. phosphoric acid (37%, 10 s). Fuji Ortho II LC (GC) was used as a bracket adhesive in groups 1 t0 7, and in group 8 Concise orthodontic (3M). Stainless steel lingual buttons were placed by hand. Polymerisation with visible light was carried out 20 s from mesial, distal, incisal and gingival. After 24 h storage in tap water at room temperature the shear bond strengths were tested in accordance with ISO specification TC 106/SC/WG16. Mean values of the groups were compared using Student's t-test. Group 7 (PAA) attained the highest mean shear strength (in comparison with control group): 28 MPa. This was both significantly different from the control group (Concise, 33 MPa) and highly significant in comparison with the other groups (< 16 MPa). The shear bond strength of Fuji Ortho II LC on PAA conditioned enamel indicates the clinical applicability of this material.
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PMID:Light-cured glass ionomer cement as a bracket adhesive with different types of enamel conditioners. 920 Aug 93

To evaluate the durability of dentin bonding over time, the nanoleakage of four dentin bonding systems (Single Bond, Stae, Clearfil SE Bond and PermaQuik) over 24 hours, three months, six months and 12 months, was investigated. Flat occlusal dentin surfaces from extracted human molars were finished with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper and bonded with one of the dentin bonding systems following manufacturers' instructions. The bonded surface was covered with < 1 mm thick layer of Silux Plus resin composite and light cured for 40 seconds. The specimens in each dentin-bonding group were randomly assigned to four sub-groups and kept in phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4) containing 0.01% sodium azide at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, three, six or 12 months. The margins of all specimens were finished and polished with Sof-Lex disks after initial 24-hour storage. At the end of each storage time, the surrounding tooth surfaces except for 1 mm adjacent to the restoration were coated with nail varnish. The samples were immersed in a 50% w/v solution of silver nitrate for 24 hours, placed in photodeveloping solution and exposed to fluorescent light for eight hours. The samples were cut longitudinally and buccoligually, polished, mounted on stubs, carbon coated and observed in a Field Emission-SEM using backscattered electron mode. The results showed that systems using phosphoric acid as the etchant had a line of silver deposition at the base of the hybrid layer. Silver deposition increased in all systems over 12-months storage, with PermaQuik changing the least. Nanoleakage of the dentin bonding systems increased slightly during the 12-month storage period, indicating that they may be subject to hydrolytic attack over time.
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PMID:The effect of long-term storage on nanoleakage. 1169 86

To study the method of anodic oxidation followed by hydrothermal treatment for cp titanium and to know bone response to thin hydroxyapatite layers in vivo, commercially pure titanium plates were anodized at 200 V-400 V with direct electric current density no more than 50 mA/cm2 for 15 minutes in the electrolytic trough. beta-glycerophosphate sodium(0.03-0.04 M) and calcium acetate(0.2-0.3 M) were used as electrolytes. Then, titanium plates were hydrothermal treated in the autoclave for 2 hours at 280 degrees C-300 degrees C. Polishing and grit-blasting surface was used as control to learn bone response to thin layers. Twelve rabbits were evenly divided into 3 groups, each group was implanted with 12 implants into the rabbits femoral bone. After 4, 8 and 16 weeks, implants were taken out and collected respectively and were made grinding slices. The bone-implant interface was observed with light microscope. And the bone-implant interface of polishing and layered implants after 8 weeks implantation was observed with scanning electron microscope. The element contents at the interface of polishing and layered implants before and after 8 weeks implantation were detected with EDAX. Results showed that there was hydroxyapatite(HA) precipitated on the titanium surfaceamellae bone in 8 weeks for thin HA coatings, and no HA debris were found at the interfacial zone. In addition, Ca and P content on the hydrothermal treated implant surface increased much more after implantation than that of polished implants. It was concluded that anodic oxidation followed by hydrothermal treatment could precipitate thin hydroxyapatie layer on the surface of cp titanium, which could improve early formation of woven bone and accelerate woven bone transferring to lamellae bone at the implanted site.
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PMID:[Preparation of thin hydroxyapatite layers on cp titanium through anodic oxidation followed with hydrothermal treatment]. 1255 1

This investigation studied the effects of disinfectant solutions on the hardness of acrylic resin denture teeth. The occlusal surfaces of 64 resin denture teeth were ground flat with abrasives up to 400-grit silicon carbide paper. Measurements were made after polishing and after the specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 48 h. The specimens were then divided into four groups and immersed in chemical disinfectants (4% chlorhexidine; 1% sodium hypochlorite and sodium perborate) for 10 min. The disinfection methods were performed twice to simulate clinical conditions and hardness measurements were made. Specimens tested as controls were immersed in water during the same disinfection time. Eight specimens were produced for each group. After desinfection procedures, testing of hardness was also performed after the samples were stored at 37 degrees C for 7, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance (anova) and Tukey's test at 95% confidence level. According to the results, no significant differences were found between materials and immersion solutions (P > 0.05). However, a continuous decrease in hardness was noticed after ageing (P < 0.05). It was conclude that the surfaces of both acrylic resin denture teeth softened upon immersion in water regardless the disinfecting solution.
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PMID:The effect of disinfectant solutions on the hardness of acrylic resin denture teeth. 1279 Nov 63

This study compared the dentin bond strength of a self-etching primer/adhesive system with dentin surface pH with or without bleaching and observed the morphological changes in bleached dentin treated with a self-etching primer. Dentin disks were prepared from the coronal-labial region of 32 human anterior teeth. The pulpal surfaces of the dentin disks were polished with 600-grit SiC paper under running water. The dentin surfaces on all specimens were bleached with a mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C for one week. The bleaching agent was then rinsed off with water for 5, 15 or 30 seconds. All specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C. Half of the five-second rinsing specimens were stored in water for an additional week. Dentin surface pH with or without bleaching was examined using a pH-imaging microscope (SCHEM-100). A self-etching primer/adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied to bleached or unbleached dentin according to the manufacturer's instructions. After 24-hour water storage, the bonded specimens were prepared for microtensile testing. Microtensile bond strength (microTBS) to dentin was measured using a universal-testing machine (EZ test, Shimadzu, Japan) at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's test (alpha=0.05). The pH values of the dentin surfaces of the 5 and 15 second rinsing groups were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05), while the 30-second rinsing and one-week water storage groups had similar surface pH values to the control group (p<0.05). The microTBS of 5, 15 and 30 second rinsing specimens after bleaching were significantly lower than the control specimens (p<0.05). However, after one-week of water storage, the microTBS returned to the control group. The application of a bleaching agent increased the pH value of the dentin surface and decreased the bond strength of the self-etching primer/adhesive system. One-week water storage after bleaching recovered the surface pH and the microTBS to dentin.
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PMID:Surface pH and bond strength of a self-etching primer/adhesive system to intracoronal dentin after application of hydrogen peroxide bleach with sodium perborate. 1453 6

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of air-powder polishing with sodium bicarbonate (SB) or crystalline cellulose (CC) on the bond strength of a self-etching primer bonding system to dentin. Ground human dentin surfaces were prepared using 600-grit SiC paper. The teeth were divided into three groups according to dentin treatment: control, air-powder polishing with SB, and air-powder polishing with CC. The dentin surfaces were bonded with a self-etching primer bonding system, followed by a light-cured resin composite. microTBS test and SEM analysis were performed. The results of microTBS test indicated that air-powder polishing with SB affected bond strength to dentin, while that with CC did not influence bond strength. SEM observation of air-polished dentin surfaces showed that dentin surfaces air-polished with SB were roughened and covered with a smear layer, while those with CC were smooth and the smear layer was removed.
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PMID:Effect of air-powder polishing on dentin adhesion of a self-etching primer bonding system. 1588 Dec 9

The aim of this study was to determine the durability of tensile bond strengths of a conventional 3-step bonding system (Superbond D-liner Plus) and a self-etching priming bonding system (Clearfil Liner Bond II) to bovine dentin over a 7 yr period. Superficial bovine dentin finished with 600-grit SiC paper was bonded with one of the two adhesive materials. A 4 mm diameter area was bonded, covered with resin composite and stored in 37 degrees C deionized water containing gypsum chips and 0.4% sodium azide as an antibacterial. Bonds were stressed in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm min(-1). Mean bond strengths were observed at 1 d, at 1, 3, and 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 yr. Ten specimens were tested for the first 3 yr and 15 specimens were tested for 6 and 7 yr. The bond strength of Superbond D-liner Plus significantly decreased over the 7 yr period, whereas Liner Bond II showed a slight but, insignificant, decrease. The fracture mode changed with time for Superbond D-liner Plus, but not for Liner Bond II. It was concluded that systems which use a strong acid for demineralizing the dentin may show greater deterioration of the bond to dentin compared with a self-etching priming system.
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PMID:Seven-year dentin bond strengths of a total- and self-etch system. 1595 53

A rapid and efficient method of inoculation for Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) was achieved by applying the inoculum with a device consisting of a spray gun, an atomizer and a CO2-powered sprayer. The inoculum contained infected leaf sap prepared in 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, 0.2% sodium sulfite and 0.01 M 2-mercaptoethanol (1g: 10 ml) and 1% each of Celite 545 and Carborundum 320 grit. The spray application of chilled inoculum at the rate of 1.1 ml/plant and at an air pressure of 4.1 bar resulted in systemic infection nearly to a 100% of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants inoculated. The inoculation procedure was successfully applied to two other important host species of TSWV, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), where 75.0-100% and 72.2-91.6% plants developed systemic infection, respectively. The approach facilitated a much faster inoculation of test plants with TSWV as it was estimated to be about 50 times quicker (depending on the plant species) than the hand inoculation. The procedure is suitable for rapid and simultaneous inoculation of a large number of test plants with TSWV and should facilitate screening of germplasm and breeding lines for virus resistance.
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PMID:A rapid and efficient inoculation method for Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus. 1827 38


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