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Query: UMLS:C1864663 (HCC)
 2,985 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Modern therapeutic strategies can improve survival of patients with pancreatic or liver malignancies. A prerequisite is thorough radiologic assessment of these patients. A variety of radiologic techniques are available, such as ultrasound, contrast-enhanced CT, CTAP, contrast-enhanced MRI, and endoscopic ultrasound. In this review the advantages and weaknesses of the different techniques are presented in the staging of patients with HCC, cholangiocarcinoma, suspected liver metastases, and pancreatic carcinoma. In an era of economic restraints, funds are not flowing freely anymore for radiologic studies. We have to consider not doing so many different examinations for each patient. We have to decide in the future which diagnostic test we want to perform for detection and staging of a particular disease. For liver and pancreatic malignancies it is likely to be MRI that will take this role.
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PMID:[Radiologic staging of liver and pancreatic malignancies]. 1047 85

The aim of the present paper was to assess the utility of Levovist in defining the pathology of liver masses. Levovist is a new ultrasound contrast agent consisting of galactose microparticles, air bubbles and palmitic acid. Prospective studies were performed in patients referred for further evaluation of known liver masses. Levovist was peripherally injected and colour Doppler ultrasound studies were performed. Findings were correlated with clinicopathology and three other imaging modalities: biphasic spiral CT, CT arterial portography and contrast MRI. Twenty-five patients were studied (15 male and 10 female) in the age range 25-74 years. Liver masses ranged from 0.5 to 7 cm in maximum diameter. Thirteen lesions were benign and 12 were malignant (four hepatomas (HCC) and eight metastases). Levovist enhancement occurred in 18 lesions. Of these, six were benign (four focal nodular hyperplasias (FNH) and two haemangiomas). All 12 malignant lesions demonstrated enhancement. The HCC showed a mosaic pattern of central and peripheral enhancement, and the FNH demonstrated a spoke-wheel pattern. It was not possible to distinguish between haemangiomas and malignant lesions. Non-enhancing lesions may well be benign, with all malignancies showing some enhancement. Characteristic enhancement patterns were found for HCC (mosaic) and FNH (spoke-wheel). It was not possible to distinguish between metastases and benign lesions (haemangiomas) when the pattern of enhancement was peripheral.
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PMID:Early experience in the use of Levovist ultrasound contrast in the evaluation of liver masses. 1076 Dec 56

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of iron-oxide-enhanced MRI vs CT during arterial portography (CTAP) and intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) in detection of liver neoplasms. Seventeen patients with malignant focal liver lesions (liver metastases, n=7), hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC, n=9), and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC, n=1) underwent presurgical Resovist-enhanced MRI and CTAP. Two independent observers (A and B) assessed the blinded images of unenhanced and iron-oxide-enhanced MRI vs CTAP for the presence, number, and location of the liver lesions. These results were compared lesion by lesion and segment by segment with the results of intraoperative ultrasound ( n=17) serving as the reference standard. Eighty lesions were detected by intraoperative ultrasound in 17 patients. In comparison with IOUS (lesion-by-lesion analysis) the sensitivity was 86.8% for CTAP, 65% for combined unenhanced MR imaging, and 86.8% for combined Resovist-enhanced MRI as well as 86.8% for the combination of unenhanced and Resovist-enhanced MRI. Compared with the sensitivity of combined unenhanced MRI the sensitivity of CTAP as well as the sensitivity of combined Resovist-enhanced MRI was significantly higher (p<0.05). False-positive results were much higher in CTAP as compared with combined unenhanced and SPIO-enhanced MRI. Using the segment-by-segment analysis the specificity of combined unenhanced MRI with 100% (96.7-100%) as well as combined Resovist-enhanced MRI with 100% (96.7-100%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in comparison with the specificity of CTAP with 91.1% (83.2-96.1%). The accuracy of combined unenhanced MRI was 100% (93.2-100%), combined Resovist-enhanced MRI 100% (93.6-100%) and of CTAP 85.2% (72.9-93.4%). In the detection of focal liver lesions iron-oxide-enhanced MR imaging is superior to unenhanced MRI and similar to CTAP.
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PMID:Preoperative evaluation of malignant liver tumors: comparison of unenhanced and SPIO (Resovist)-enhanced MR imaging with biphasic CTAP and intraoperative US. 1259 89

In a 65-year-old female patient, B-mode sonography detected a single focal lesion in the right liver lobe with a diameter < 3 cm. Histopathologic examination revealed a low differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; G3). Tumor staging was performed by CT (computed tomography) scan and Resovist MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Both examinations found a single liver lesion without signs of additional focal hepatic lesions. In addition, phase-inversion sonography in the late phase was performed using the ultrasound contrast agent Levovist. This examination of late-phase Levovist uptake detected more than five additional focal hepatic lesions in the right liver lobe, which were invisible by CT scan and Resovist MRI. This finding of multiloculated HCC was very important to decide on the patient's correct therapy. While liver transplantation is the treatment of choice in single HCC < 3 cm, it is contraindicated in multicentric HCC. In the patient described here, hemihepatectomy of the right liver lobe was performed. The histopathologic examination of the resected liver confirmed the diagnosis of multicentric HCC, which was noninvasively diagnosed only by contrast-enhanced sonography, but not by CT scan or MRI.
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PMID:[Contrast-enhanced sonography using Levovist is decisive for staging and therapeutic schedule in hepatocellular carcinoma]. 1496 59

This article provides a brief overview of the current status of commonly employed diagnostic techniques--US, CT, MR, and PET--for the evaluation of liver metastases and HCC as well as a description of imaging in RF ablation and liver transplantation. The various advantages and limitations of the techniques have been outlined. At the present time, at our center, MRI is used most often to evaluate these liver pathologies, due to its high accuracy for lesion detection and characterization.
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PMID:Modern hepatic imaging. 1506 51

The purpose of this study is to compare transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) alone and in combination with other therapies in an animal model. Subcapsular implantation of a solid Morris hepatoma 3924A in the liver was carried out in 50 male ACI rats (day 0). Tumor volume (V1) was measured by MRI (day 13). After laparotomy and retrograde placement of a catheter into the gastroduodenal artery (day 14), the following protocols of the interventional procedure were applied: TACE (mitomycin C + lipiodol) + immunotherapy (group A: TNFalpha + IL-2, group B: OK-432 + IL-2); TACE + antiangiogenesis therapy (group C: TNP-470, group D: endostatin); TACE alone in group E (control group). Tumor volume (V2) was assessed by MRI and the mean ratio of x (V2/V1) was calculated. Data were analyzed using Dunnett's t test (comparing therapeutic groups with the control group) and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (comparing significant therapeutic groups). Multivariate analysis showed a significant reduction in the tumor growth rate (P<0.05) in groups B (x=6.53) and C (x=4.01) compared to the mean ratio of the control group E (x=9.14). Significant results were observed in group C (P<0.05) in comparison with the other therapeutic groups. TACE combined with immunotherapy (OK-432) and antiangiogenesis therapy (TNP-470) retards tumor growth compared with TACE alone in an HCC animal model.
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PMID:Transarterial chemoembolization alone and in combination with other therapies: a comparative study in an animal HCC model. 1558 May 7

We previously performed MRI studies of HCC (hepatocellular carcinomas) in mice showing the feasibility of measuring a carbogen effect. In the present study carbogen response of the whole tumour was compared with growth characteristics during longitudinal follow-up. HCC were chemically induced. The imaging protocol at 4.7 T comprised a fast spin-echo sequence for high-resolution screening and measurement of growth curves, and a fast gradient echo sequence allowing an entire T2*w image acquisition per respiratory cycle to perform fMRI under carbogen breathing. A new parameter, T+, the fraction of tumour voxels with increased intensity under carbogen was measured on manually defined ROIs. Twenty-two HCC were followed for 3-10 weeks. Tumours were divided into two groups, "regularly" and "irregularly" growing tumours. A linear correlation between T+ and tumour growth rate was observed only for "regularly" growing HCC. These results suggest a link between tumour growth rates and tumour fractions exhibiting signal increase upon carbogen breathing. They are compatible with observations by others that rapidly growing tumours are more hypoxic than slowly growing ones. Combined measurement of T+ and tumour growth may become a useful noninvasive follow-up approach for assessment and/or management of therapies involving vasculature-targeting and anti-proliferative drugs.
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PMID:Relationship between tumour growth rate and carbogen-based functional MRI for a chemically induced HCC in mice. 1561 12

Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare malignant vascular tumor that accounts for up to 2% of all primary liver tumors. Accurate diagnosis of this tumor is difficult, especially if the patient has no history of exposure to specific carcinogens including thorotrast, arsenicals, and vinyl chloride monomer. Diagnosis of diffuse angiosarcoma by means of liver biopsy has been reported as treacherous and nondiagnostic. Herein, we present a case of a 61-year-old Caucasian male with history of cryptogenic cirrhosis, normal alpha-fetoprotein, and pretransplant abnormal liver MRI who underwent nondiagnostic liver biopsies followed by liver transplantation. High grade diffuse angiosarcoma was diagnosed in the explanted liver. The patient developed bone metastases at 8 months and is alive 1 year posttransplantation. Diffuse liver tissue infiltration seen pretransplant on CT scan or MRI, suggesting the possibility of diffuse liver lesions (HCC, angiosarcoma, etc) must be fully investigated with all techniques available including multiple open liver biopsies to avoid the sacrifice of a liver allograft in these patients.
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PMID:Hepatic angiosarcoma and liver transplantation: case report and literature review. 1596 77

In order to study MR features of the regenerative nodule (RN) and dysplastic nodule (DN) of the cirrhotic liver, 26 cases of cirrhotic liver with RNs and DNs, of which 8 cases accompanied with hepatocellular carcinoma, were subjected to MRI. Eighteen of 26 cases underwent additional enhanced MRI with administration of Gd-DTPA on T1WI and 10 of the 18 cases did additional SPIO (Feridex) enhancement on T2WI. Clinical data showed normal level of alpha-fetoprotein in 18 cases except 8 cases accompanied with HCC. The results showed that 12 cases had RNs with nodules measuring < 1 cm. The MR appearance of those RNs showed isointensity on T1WI and hypointensity on T2WI. The intensity of those RNs was isointense to the surrounding hepatic parenchyma on enhanced MRI with administration of Gd-DTPA or SPIO. Among the 14 cases of DNs, 8 cases had nodules measuring 1-3 cm in size and 6 had macroregenerative nodule measuring > 3 cm. In 8 cases with DNs measuring 1-3 cm in size, 5 cases appeared hyperintense on T1WI and hypointense on T2WI as well as the enhancement as that of nodules with < 1 cm in size; and the remaining 3 cases appeared hypointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI, and were not isointense to the surrounding hepatic parenchyma on enhanced MRI but hyperintense on SPIO enhanced MRI. In 6 cases of macroregenerative nodule measuring > 3 cm in size, 2 cases appeared hyperintense to the surrounding hepatic parenchyma on T1, T2WI and enhanced MRI; 4 cases showed hyperintense on T1WI, and hypointense on T2WI and enhanced MRI. Sometimes, normal vessels were seen to pass through the surface of macroregenerative nodules. It was suggested that RNs of cirrhosis had features on MRI that usually allow distinction from hepatocellular carcinoma but not always from dysplastic nodules (DNs). A helpful distinction between HCC and DNs is that the latter are almost never hyperintense on T2WI. Additionally, low grade DNs appear hypointense on SPIO enhanced MRI.
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PMID:MR features of regenerative nodules and dysplastic nodules in the cirrhotic liver. 1646 87

HCC in Japan has very different characteristics from that in other Asian countries. Because, among the Japanese HCC patients approximately 80% of the patients are HCV positive and they are aged over 60 years old. On the other hand, in many Asian countries HBVpositive HCC patients are dominant and their age is younger than the Japanese patients. Early diagnosis of HCC is mainly performed by means of imaging diagnostic technique such as abdominal ultrasonography, dynamic CT, dynamic MRI and CT angiography. If small HCC less than 3 cm in diameter is found and liver function is well preserved, local ablation therapy or surgical treatment promises better than 5 years survival (over 60%). While, TAE or TACE is performed in cases of HCC larger than 3 cm in size, if liver failure is not complicated. In advanced HCC cases with multiple tumors, arterial infusion of anticancer drug has been applied. However, its efficacy is not estimated. Chemoprevention is another modality for HCC. Eradication of HCV with an antiviral agent has proven to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. As for chemoprevention of HCC, some trials are on going in Japan.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. 1659 85


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